石头口门水库流域土地利用／覆被变化对非点源污染负荷的影响

应用L-THIA (Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment )模型,模拟吉林省石头口门水库流域1986 年至2000 年的非点源污染负荷,定量评价土地利用/覆被变化对非点源污染负荷的影响.研究结果表明:1 )1986 ～2000 年期间,研究区土地利用/覆被变化的主要特点为:水田和旱田增加,草地和裸地减少;土地利用/覆被变化对非点源污染负荷的影响非常显著;2 )1986年、1995 年、2000 年三个时段内研究区各非点源污染负荷呈现先增加后减少的趋势,泥沙和总氮的变化幅度较大,总磷的变化幅度相对较小;整个研究时段内表现为总磷的变化幅度大于泥沙和总氮;3 )农田、林地、居民地的变化对非点源污染负荷影响明显,属于非点源污染的敏感区,其面积的较小变化均可引起污染负荷的较大变动;4 )林地和草地转化为农田导致各非点源污染物负荷均增加,其中草地转化为农田的区域较小(5 km2 ),但导致总磷污染增加了255.52 kg ;农田变为居民地和林地导致污染负荷减少,林地转化为草地使得泥沙、总磷污染增加,总氮污染减少.     

Molecular cloning, functional analysis and localization of a novel gene encoding polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein in Chorispora bungeana

Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are plant defense proteins. To date, no spatial distribution of PGIPs and interaction between PGIPs and nitric oxide (NO) in plant were described. Here, we first reported the full-length cDNA sequence of PGIP of Chorispora bungeana (CbPGIP1). Notably, immunofluorescence localization showed that the CbPGIP was evenly distributed in leaves but it was mainly localized in epidermis and vascular bundle in stems and roots. Further studies indicated that CbPGIP had higher abundance in roots than in stems and leaves. Conversely, the bulk PGIP of C. bungeana showed a higher activity in leaves than in stems and roots. In addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that CbPGIP1 expression was induced by Stemphylium solani, salicylic acid (SA), 4, ?4°C and NO. This is a first report attempting to predict if NO can induce the PGIP expression. Taken together, these findings showed that the gene was spatially regulated and NO and SA might take part in CbPGIP1 expression induced by biotic and abiotic stresses. This study highlighted the potential importance of CbPGIP1 and NO in plant resistance.     

Distribution pattern of an expanding Osprey ( Pandion haliaetus) population in a changing environment

We studied the nest site selection and distribution pattern at landscape level of the German Osprey population, and demonstrated how to test the predictions of the ideal free distribution theory and its derivatives on such an expanding population. Information about the location and breeding success of each Osprey nest site between 1995 and 2005 was collected through a long-term monitoring programme. Data of land cover types were acquired from the administrations of each federal state and the CORINE Land Cover database. The results showed that Ospreys preferred landscapes with more water bodies and forests. Such sites were also occupied earlier and had higher local population density. However, in the study period of 11 years, there was a gradual shift from forest-dominated landscapes to agricultural land-dominated landscapes. The breeding success increased over time, with no difference in the breeding success between pairs nesting on trees and poles, whereas there was higher breeding success at nest sites surrounded by more agricultural land and less forest. The more efficient foraging in eutrophic lakes in agricultural landscapes was the most likely cause for the higher breeding success. The distribution pattern of the Ospreys did not match the resource allocation, which deviated from the models tested. We suggested that the proximate cues used for nest site selection mismatched site quality due to anthropogenic environmental changes.     

转基因猪中外源基因拷贝数和整合位点的研究

主要采用了绝对定量PCR和热不均一交错PCR(thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR,TAIL-PCR),检测了体细胞核移植技术生产的绿色荧光蛋白转基因猪中外源基因拷贝数和整合位点,并利用旁侧PCR(Junction PCR)对整合位点进行确定,同时进一步分析了整合位点的纯合性．结果表明,绝对定量PCR可以准确有效地检测外源基因拷贝数,标准曲线为：log₂N (拷贝数) =-0.935 4ΔCt + 3.411 6 (R²=0.997 4,P < 0.001),两只转基因猪中外源基因拷贝数分别为30.85 ± 1.77和18.87 ± 1.34;TAIL-PCR能成功地克隆转基因猪中外源基因整合位点,得到25条特异性条带,经BLAST比对,共获得TgInS1 (1 440 bp)、TgInS2 (1 263 bp)和TgInS3 (1 861 bp) 3个整合位点．以整合位点侧翼序列特异性引物与外源基因特异性引物的组合引发Junction PCR,得到预计大小的特异性片段,确定了整合位点上、下游侧翼序列的准确性．采用整合位点5′上游和3′下游侧翼序列特异性引物与外源基因特异性引物的组合,进行Junction PCR,在两只转基因猪中都得到与野生型猪一致的侧翼序列特异性引物扩增片段,表明我们获得的转基因猪都为整合位点杂合子．初步建立了绝对定量PCR和TAIL-PCR对外源基因拷贝数和整合位点检测的体系,为今后研究外源基因在转基因猪中遗传和表达的稳定性打下了基础．     

Synthesis and bioevaluation of ω-N-amino analogs of B13

Novel ω-N-amino analogs of B13 (Class E) were designed, synthesized and tested as inhibitors of acid ceramidase (ACDase) and potential anticancer agents deprived of unwanted lysosomal destabilization and ACDase proteolytic degradation properties of LCL204 [Szulc, Z. M.; Mayroo, N.; Bai, A.; Bielawski, J.; Liu, X.; Norris, J. S.; Hannun, Y. A.; Bielawska, A. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2008, 16, 1015].Representative analog LCL464, (1R,2R)-2-N-(12′-N,N-dimethylaminododecanoyl amino)-1-(4″-nitrophenyl)-1,3-propandiol, inhibited ACDase activity in vitro, with a similar potency as B13 but higher than LCL204. LCL464 caused an early inhibition of this enzyme at a cellular level corresponding to decrease of sphingosine and specific increase of C₁₄- and C₁₆-ceramide. LCL464 did not induce lysosomal destabilization nor degradation of ACDase, showed increased cell death demonstrating inherent anticancer activity in a wide range of different cancer cell lines, and induction of apoptosis via executioner caspases activation. LCL464 represents a novel structural lead as chemotherapeutic agent acting via the inhibition of ACDase.     

自絮凝酵母高浓度重复批次乙醇发酵

利用发酵性能优良的自絮凝酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiaeflo,研究开发了重复批次高浓度乙醇发酵系统,以节省下游加工过程的能耗。在终点乙醇浓度达到120g/L左右的条件下,发酵系统的乙醇生产强度达到8.2g/(L·h)。然而实验中发现,随着发酵批次的增多,自絮凝酵母沉降性能逐渐下降,从发酵液中沉降分离所需时间相应延长,导致发酵液中高浓度乙醇对酵母的毒害作用加剧,影响其发酵活性和发酵系统运行的稳定性,发酵装置运行11个批次后无法继续运行。实验结果表明,絮凝能力下降导致的酵母絮凝颗粒尺度减小是其沉降性能下降的主要原因。进一步研究发现,酵母的絮凝能力通过再培养可以恢复。在此基础上对发酵系统操作进行改进,每批发酵结束后可控采出一定比例菌体,调节系统的酵母细胞密度和乙醇生产强度以刺激酵母增殖,保持其絮凝能力。在达到相同发酵终点乙醇浓度条件下,虽然发酵系统的乙醇生产强度降低到4.0g/(L·h),但运行10d后絮凝颗粒酵母尺度趋于稳定,继续运行14d,未发现絮凝颗粒酵母尺度继续下降的现象,系统可以稳定运行。     

细胞色素P450调节肝脏药物代谢的途径

大量研究认为细胞色素P450与药物性肝损伤的病理生理过程密切相关,对其在肝损伤的作用已成为当前研究的一个热点.主要介绍细胞色素P450与药物性肝损伤的相关研究进展.     

基于23S／5SrDNA序列的柑橘黄龙病病原菌亚洲种系统发育研究

根据柑橘黄龙病亚洲种23S/5S的DNA序列设计一对引物对不同地理来源的6个柑橘黄龙病样品DNA进行扩增,扩增片段大小均为1 654 bp包括一个假定细胞壁水解酶假基因(putative cell wall hydrolase pseudogene)和5S rRNA 基因.序列同源性分析结果表明;6个柑橘黄龙病病原菌样品与柑橘黄龙病病原菌亚洲种Sihui样品的同源性为99%,然而与土壤杆菌,布鲁氏菌,根瘤菌,中华根瘤菌,巴通体菌和中慢生根瘤菌的同源性只有89%～95%,说明在23S/5S rDNA序列上黄龙病病原菌亚洲种与α变形菌纲根瘤菌目的其他病原菌相差较大.对黄龙病病原菌亚洲种种内的23S/5S rDNA序列进行比较分析,结果发现黄龙病病原菌亚洲种种内之间putative cell wall hydrolase pseudogene和5S rRNA的基因序列非常保守,但不同地理来源的柑橘黄龙病样品碱基序列间确实存在差异,差异的大小与地理的远近无关.利用简约法对黄龙病病原菌亚洲种及α变形菌纲其它病原菌的23S/5S rDNA序列构建的系统发育树显示黄龙病病原菌亚洲种单独聚为一类,其他细菌聚为另一类,该结果与基于rplJ基因及16S rRNA基因的DNA序列构建的分子系统进化树结果一致.