Identification of amino acid residues involved in the binding of Huperzine A to cholinesterases.

Huperzine A, a potential agent for therapy in Alzheimer's disease and for prophylaxis of organophosphate toxicity, has recently been characterized as a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterases. To examine the specificity of this novel compound in more detail, we have examined the interaction of the 2 stereoisomers of Huperzine A with cholinesterases and site-specific mutants that detail the involvement of specific amino acid residues. Inhibition of fetal bovine serum acetylcholinesterase by (-)-Huperzine A was 35-fold more potent than (+)-Huperzine A, with KI values of 6.2 nM and 210 nM, respectively. In addition, (-)-Huperzine A was 88-fold more potent in inhibiting Torpedo acetylcholinesterase than (+)-Huperzine A, with KI values of 0.25 microM and 22 microM, respectively. Far larger KI values that did not differ between the 2 stereoisomers were observed with horse and human serum butyrylcholinesterases. Mammalian acetylcholinesterase, Torpedo acetylcholinesterase, and mammalian butyrylcholinesterase can be distinguished by the amino acid Tyr, Phe, or Ala in the 330 position, respectively. Studies with mouse acetylcholinesterase mutants, Tyr 337 (330) Phe and Tyr 337 (330) Ala yielded a difference in reactivity that closely mimicked the native enzymes. In contrast, mutation of the conserved Glu 199 residue to Gln in Torpedo acetylcholinesterase produced only a 3-fold increase in KI value for the binding of Huperzine A.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

河南叶县下寒武统辛集组单板类和腹足类化石的研究

本文描述和讨论了河南叶县杨寺庄下寒武统辛集组单板类１３种,腹足类２种,未定类１种。其中包括２新属６新种：Ｒｅｐｅｎｏｃｏｎｕｓ ｘｉｎｊｉｅｎｓｉｓ ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｓｃｅｎｅｌｌａ ｐｙｃｎａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｓｅｃｕｒｉｃｏｎｕｓ ｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｏｂｔｕｓｏｃｎｕｓ ｇｒｏｓｓｉｃｏｓｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｉｇｏｒｅｌｌｉｎａ ｐｒｏｂｏｓｃｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｇａｌ     

铅锌砷复合污染对水稻生长的影响

铅锌砷复合污染对水稻生长的影响谢正苗,黄昌勇（浙江农业大学土化系杭州,３１００２９）ＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＣＯＭＢＩＮＥＤＰＯＬＬＵＴＩＯＮＯＦＬＥＡＤＺＩＮＣＡＲＳＥＮＩＣＯＮＲＩＣＥＧＲＯＷＴＨＸｉｅＺｈｅｎｇｍｉａｏＨｕｎａｇＣｈａｎｇｙｏｎｇ（Ｚ...     

鄂尔多斯高原生态过渡带气候特殊性和气候植物生长指数与畜牧业生产动态分析

鄂尔多斯高原位于我国典型的生态过渡带,气候变化明显,系统反应敏感,因此,现有的主要用于植被和气候空间分类的有关植物与气候关系的模型和指数,均不适合用于鄂尔多斯高原生态过渡带气候。植物动态分析。为此,本文利用位于鄂尔多斯高原中部的伊金霍洛旗３９ａ（１９５３－１９９１）气象资料,分析该地区的气候特点,构建一个可用于描述生态过渡带气候特征的气候植物生长指数,并用与植被动态密切相关的天然放牧条件下（１９５８－１９７９）,该旗牲畜的存栏数和出栏数的历史资料代替植被动态资料,进行鄂尔多斯气候植物生长指数与天然放牧条件下牲畜的存栏数和出栏数的动态分析,构建其ＡＲＭＡＸ模型。研究结果表明,鄂尔多斯高原气候敏感易变,降水年际变化大;高原光、温、水配合并不完全一致,光、温超前,降水滞后,天然植被生产力不高;气候植物生长指数与畜牧生产的动态分析结果表明,该地区在天然放牧情况下,主要依赖于牧场植被长势的畜牧生产与气候－植物生长指数密切相关,说明构建的气候植物生长指数确实在一定程度上反映了该地区的气候与植物生长的关系￣（６－８）。     

中国羽枝藻属新资料

1.山西羽枝藻 新种 图1:1—4 Cloniophora shanxiensis Y. J. Ling et S. L. Xie, sp. nov. Species affnis C. spicatae (Schmid.) Islam, sed primariis ramulis irregularibus alternatisvel oppositis, pyrenoidibus solitariis, ramuli cellulis apprime irregularibus differt. Thallo caespitoso, usque ad 5 cm longo; rhizoideis e filamenti cellulis basalibus angustis     

How does the G protein,Gi2, transduce mitogenic signals?

Serpentine receptors coupled to the heterotrimeric G protein, G_i2, are capable of stimulating DNA synthesis in a variety of cell types. A common feature of the G_i2-coupled stimulation of DNA synthesis is the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The regulation of MAPK activation by the G_i2-coupled thrombin and acetylcholine muscarinic M₂ receptors occurs by a sequential activation of a network of protein kinases. The MAPK kinase (MEK) which phosphorylates and activates MAPK is also activated by phosphorylation. MEK is phosphorylated and activated by either Raf or MEK kinase (MEKK). Thus, Raf and MEKK converge at MEK to regulate MAPK. G_i2-coupled receptors are capable of activating MEK and MAPK by Raf-dependent and Raf-independent mechanisms. Pertussis toxin catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of α_i2 inhibits both the Raf-dependent and-independent pathways activated by G_i2-coupled receptors. The Raf-dependent pathway involves Ras activation, while the Raf-independent activation of MEK and MAPK does not involve Ras. The Raf-independent activation of MEK and MAPK most likely involves the activation of MEKK. The vertebrate MEKK is homologous to the Ste11 and Byr2 protein kinases in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, respectively. The yeast Ste11 and Byr2 protein kinases are involved in signal transduction cascades initiated by pheromone receptors having a 7 membrane spanning serpentine structure coupled to G proteins. MEKK appears to be conserved in the regulation of G protein-coupled signal pathways in yeast and vertebrates. Raf represents a divergence in vertebrates from the yeast pheromone-responsive protein kinase system. Defining MEKK and Raf as a divergence in the MAPK regulatory network provides a mechanism for differential regulation of this system by G_i2-coupled receptors as well as other receptor systems, including the tyrosine kinases.     

β－内酰胺酶启动子C－17缺失对其强度的影响

通过酶学手段在β－内酰胺酶启动子间隔序列中造成Ｃ－１７的缺失突变,以氨苄青霉素为底物,检测突变前后β－内酰胺酶活力变化,并作了细菌的Ａｍｐ耐受性试验,实验结果表明,Ｃ－１７的缺失突变使启动子强度增加约６０％,含有突变启动子的细菌对Ａｍｐ的抗性明显增强,突变体生长的半抑制浓度为２８０μｇ／ｍｌ,而在此浓度下野生型菌体吸光度只有突变体的５０％左右,对启动子强度增加的原因进行了讨论。     

东北锦鸡儿属一新变种──多花极东锦鸡儿

东北锦鸡儿属一新变种──多花极东锦鸡儿谢航,赵毓棠,杨成禄,杨景隆（东北师范大学生物系长春１３００２４）（旺起林场吉林永吉１３２２２５）关键词多花极东锦鸡儿ＡＮＥＷＶＡＲＩＥＴＹＯＦＣＡＲＡＧＡＮＡＦＲＯＭＮ．Ｅ．ＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＸｉｅＨａｎｇ;Ｚｈａｏ...     

人肾液泡型H~＋_－ATPase 58kD亚基基因的表达

在大肠杆菌中表达了人肾液泡型Ｈ￣＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ５８ｋＤ亚基的基因,利用聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）得到了５８ｋＤ亚基的编码片段．直接将ＰＣＲ产物连接到ＰＥＴ载体上表达．ＳＤＳ聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和蛋白质印迹分析表明５８ｋＤ亚基的基因得到高效表达．表达产物可达细菌细胞质蛋白的５０％．     

酶联免疫吸附技术(ELISA)对大豆根瘤菌的鉴定

本文用直接ELISA法检测大豆根瘤菌USDA 110和RTt 50的纯培养菌体和根瘤。确定了该试验的最佳工作条件:酶标结合物HRP—Ab 110和HRP—Ab50的工作稀释度分别为1:3200和1:800,抗体Ab 110和Ab 50的工作稀释度分别为1:3200和1:800,抗原USDA 110和RTt 50的最适工作浓度均为6×10~7细胞/ml。该法能够特异地检测和区别慢生型和快生型大豆根瘤菌。在这两种类型的大豆根瘤菌中,同种内的少数菌株存在交叉反应,通过吸收可以消除,从而使ELISA的检测达到菌株