Eu3+-activated red phosphor Ca3YAl3B4O15 with low thermal quenching behaviour

This paper reports a sequence of a Ca₃YAl₃B₄O₁₅:xEu³⁺ red phosphor prepared using a high-temperature solid-state reaction. At the excitation of 396 nm, the samples emitted intense red emission centred at ~623 nm, which could be attributed to the ⁵D₀→⁷F₂ transition of the Eu³⁺ ion. The results showed that the optimum Eu³⁺ doping concentration of Ca₃YAl₃B₄O₁₅:Eu³⁺ phosphor was x = 80 mol%, and the concentration quenching mechanism of Ca₃YAl₃B₄O₁₅:Eu³⁺ red phosphor belonged to the exchange coupling between Eu³⁺ ions. The Commission Internationale de l'éclairage (CIE) coordinates and colour purity of Ca₃Y_0.2Al₃B₄O₁₅:0.8Eu³⁺ were calculated as (0.6375, 0.3476) and 95.5%, respectively. Moreover, the red emission of the obtained phosphor Ca₃YAl₃B₄O₁₅:0.8Eu³⁺ exhibited a low thermal quenching behaviour with an intensity retention rate of 92.85% at 150°C. The above results manifest that the Eu³⁺-activated Ca₃YAl₃B₄O₁₅ phosphor is predicted to be a promising red luminescent component for white light-emitting diodes.     

NO2胁迫下三角梅叶片形态解剖结构和最优光响应模型研究

植物的形态结构和光合作用能够反映植物对城市空气污染的响应特性。探究城市道路机动车尾气中的典型污染物NO₂气体,对植物叶片的生理光合响应特性。以二年生三角梅（Bougainvillea spectabilis）幼苗为对象,利用智能化人工熏气室模拟熏气（NO₂体积分数分别为0 μL/L （自然空气）、4 μL/L,8 μL/L,记作CK、T1、T2）,观察NO₂胁迫后三角梅的叶片形态、微观结构和光合特征。结果表明：（1）通过叶片形态观察发现,与CK相比,低浓度T1组叶片变化不明显,随着NO₂气体胁迫浓度的增加,高浓度T2组叶片逐渐出现失水、叶表面有明显的水渍状或烧灼状黄色斑点。（2）通过叶片微观结构解剖发现,高浓度NO₂胁迫后气孔皱缩程度增加,气孔开度减小;叶绿体结构变形,尤其是类囊体结构疏松,膨胀等变化。（3）叶片光合特性分析发现,T1和T2组的NO₂胁迫导致光饱和点（LSP）和最大净光合速率（P_nmax）下降、光补偿点（LCP）增加,表观量子效率（AQE）和暗呼吸速率（Rd）在4种光响应模型中变化规律存在一定的差异性。（4）4种光响应模型中,CK组决定系数（R²）越高,均方根误差（RMSE）越低,精度最高,尤以叶子飘等机理模型为最优,拟合效果最好,其次是直角双曲线模型。研究结果表明三角梅可通过自身的形态变化、调整光合特征参数,较好地适应不同浓度的NO₂,尤其是高浓度急性胁迫下,该研究结果有助于促进不同道路绿地三角梅的推广应用,对探究三角梅的景观效益和生态效益,揭示其对环境异质性的适应机制具有重要意义。     

长三角地区植被覆盖演变城乡差异及其原因

城市生态环境和城市化之间的关系是城市可持续发展的关键。研究不同城市化水平下植被覆盖的长时间演变趋势,对理解城市化过程对植被生长动态的影响,城市更新以及推进城市绿化的科学管理具有重要意义。然而,目前对城市内部沿城乡梯度植被生长趋势差异的认识还比较有限。以我国城市化发展最为强烈的长三角地区为研究对象,基于2000-2020年长三角归一化植被指数数据,采用趋势分析和地理探测器方法,探究了长三角地区城市内部植被覆盖演变城乡差异,并从土地利用/覆被变化和城市化发展的角度解析其成因。研究结果表明：（1）2000-2020年长三角地区植被总体呈绿化趋势,植被明显绿化占最大比例（52.06%）,轻微绿化与稳定不变地区占31.68%,零星分布的褐化区占6.82%。（2）城市老城区植被覆盖变化总体呈现返绿趋势（0.016/10 a）,新城区褐化明显（-0.019/10 a）,农郊区绿化突出（0.023/10 a）。在上海、南京和杭州等人口城市化水平较高的城市中,老城区土地利用变化强度最高,其绿化趋势也最高,体现了城市更新过程对绿地空间的促进作用;而在人口城市化水平相对较低的宣城、蚌埠和阜阳等城市,土地利用变化强度相对较低的农郊区也呈现明显的绿化趋势,更多的是受到区域生态保护的影响。（3）土地城市化是长三角地区老城区和新城区植被覆盖变化的主导因子,而城市化因子对农郊区解释程度总体不显著。从长三角总体区域看,城镇人口比重、不透水面积/总面积以及地区生产总值三者对植被覆盖演变存在显著影响,其中城镇人口比重影响最大。     

生物可降解塑料单体二元羧酸的生物合成研究进展北大核心CSCD

塑料是最重要的聚合物材料之一,需求量巨大,但存在处理困难、污染大等缺点。环境友好型的生物可降解塑料有望成为目前塑料的替代品,以满足社会各界对于塑料制品日益增长的需求。二元羧酸是生物可降解塑料中重要的单体之一,可降解性强,应用广泛,并且可以通过全生物法合成。因此,本文重点选取了几种比较有代表性的二元羧酸,总结它们的生物合成途径以及其代谢改造手段,以期为中长链等复杂二元羧酸的生物法合成提供借鉴。     

植物乳杆菌谷氨酸脱羧酶催化pH范围的理性改造及高效转化生产g-氨基丁酸

γ-氨基丁酸可由谷氨酸脱羧酶(glutamate decarboxylase, GAD)催化谷氨酸一步合成,反应体系成分简单、环境友好。然而,绝大多数GAD酶催化pH偏酸性且反应范围狭小,需要加入无机盐维持最适催化环境,增加了生产附加成分。此外,随着产物γ-氨基丁酸的生成,溶液pH会逐渐上升,不利于GAD酶的持续转化。本研究首先从实验室保藏的一株高产γ-氨基丁酸的植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)中克隆得到谷氨酸脱羧酶LpGAD,基于酶蛋白表面电荷修饰,选择9个位点进行定点突变及组合突变,酶学性质表征结果显示三突变体LpGAD^{S24R/D88R/Y309K}在催化pH区间内酶活力整体提高,尤其拓宽了在偏中性pH 6.0下的酶活,为野生酶的1.68倍。接下来,通过分子动力学模拟解析了酶活提高的机理。此外,将Lpgad与Lpgad^{S24R/D88R/Y309K}突变基因分别在谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum) E01中过表达,通过优化确定了摇瓶最适转化条件为反应温度40 ℃,菌体量OD₆₀₀=20,底物L-谷氨酸100.0 g/L,5-磷酸吡哆醛添加量为100 μmol/L。5 L发酵罐中,不调节pH,通过分批投料底物L-谷氨酸,γ-氨基丁酸产量高达402.8 g/L,较对照菌株提高了1.63倍。本研究成功拓宽了LpGAD的pH催化范围及酶活,提高了γ氨基丁酸的转化效率,为实现其规模化工业生产奠定了基础。     

Antibacterial Activity and Mechanisms of Ethanol Extracts from <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> Georgi and <i>Magnolia officinalis</i> against <i>Phytophthora nicotianae</i>

Phytophthora nicotianae causes substantial economic losses in most countries where tobacco is produced. At present, the control of P. nicotianae mainly depends on chemical methods, with considerable environmental and health issues. We investigated the effects of ethanol extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG) and Magnolia officinalis (MO). On mycelial growth, sporangium formation, and zoospore release of P. nicotianae. Both extracts inhibited the growth of P. nicotianae, with mycelial growth inhibition rates of 88.92% and 93.92%, respectively, at 40 mg/mL, and EC50 values of 5.39 and 5.74 mg/mL, respectively. The underlying mechanisms were the inhibition of sporangium formation, the reduction of zoospore number, and the destruction of the mycelium structure. At an SBG extract concentration of 16.17 mg/mL, the inhibition rates for sporangia and zoospores were 98.66% and 99.39%, respectively. At an MO extract concentration of 2.87 mg/mL, the production of sporangia and zoospores was completely inhibited. The hyphae treated with the two plant extracts showed different degrees of deformation and damage. Hyphae treated with SBG extract showed adhesion and local swelling, whereas treatment with MO extract resulted in broken hyphae. Mixture of the extracts resulted in a good synergistic effect.     

中华鳖阴茎头的组织学观察

2021年8月,在安徽省合肥市庐江县牛王寨采集到东亚腹链蛇属(Hebius)蛇类标本1号。经形态比较发现,该蛇明显不同于大别山地区已有的东亚腹链蛇属物种——棕黑腹链蛇(H. sauteri)和绣链腹链蛇(H. craspedogaster)。分子系统学分析显示,该标本与东亚腹链蛇(H. vibakari)遗传关系最近,且形态上符合东亚腹链蛇特征,提示该标本应为东亚腹链蛇。东亚腹链蛇是安徽省和大别山地区爬行动物分布新记录种,这也是该物种在中国东北地区之外首次被报道。该分布新记录扩大了对东亚腹链蛇的分布范围的认知,对东亚腹链蛇的种群分化和生物地理学研究具有重要意义。     

氰氟虫腙对草地贪夜蛾的毒力与田间防效

【目的】本研究旨在明确氰氟虫腙对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda幼虫的毒力水平和田间防治效果,为科学使用氰氟虫腙防治草地贪夜蛾提供参考依据。【方法】采用饲料混毒法在室内测定了氰氟虫腙与4种常用杀虫剂甲维盐、氯虫苯甲酰胺、虱螨脲和茚虫威对草地贪夜蛾3和6龄幼虫的致死中浓度(LC₅₀)及LC₉₀值,以及LC₉₀浓度的这些杀虫剂对3龄幼虫的致死中时(medium lethal time, LT₅₀)值。采用人工喷雾方法测定了玉米田中22%氰氟虫腙悬浮剂(6.6 g/667 m²)、22%氰氟虫腙悬浮剂(17.6 g/667 m²)、5.7%甲维盐水分散剂(1 g/667 m²)和150 g/L茚虫威悬浮剂(2 g/667 m²)对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的防效。【结果】室内生测结果显示,供试的5种杀虫剂中氰氟虫腙对草地贪夜蛾3和6龄幼虫均具有较高的毒力,其LC₅₀值分别为2.64和4.3...     

Regulation of Nitrogen Metabolism,Photosynthetic Activity,and Yield Attributes of Spring Wheat by Nitrogen Fertilizer in the Semi-arid Loess Plateau Region

It is critical for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the semi-arid Loess Plateau to understand the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on changes in N metabolism, photosynthetic parameters, and their relationship with grain yield and quality. The photosynthetic capacity of flag leaves, dry matter accumulation, and N metabolite enzyme activities from anthesis to maturity were studied on a long-term fertilization trial under different N rates [0 kg ha^?1(N1), 52.5 kg ha^?1 (N2), 105 kg ha^?1 (N3), 157.5 kg ha^?1 (N4), and 210 kg ha^?1 (N5)]. It was observed that N3 produced optimum total dry matter (5407 kg ha^?1), 1000 grain weight (39.7 g), grain yield (2.64 t ha^?1), and protein content (13.97%). Our results showed that N fertilization significantly increased photosynthetic parameters and N metabolite enzymes at all growth stages. Nitrogen harvest index, partial productivity factor, agronomic recovery efficiency, and nitrogen agronomic efficiency were decreased with increased N. Higher N rates (N3–N5) maintained higher photosynthetic capacity and dry matter accumulation and lower intercellular CO₂ content. The N supply influenced NUE by improving photosynthetic properties. The N3 produced highest chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, grain yield, grain protein, dry matter, grains weight, and N metabolite enzyme activities compared to the other rates (N1, N2, N4, and N5). Therefore, increasing N rates beyond the optimum quantity only promotes vegetative development and results in lower yields.