体外重组的人促黄体素对小鼠早期胚胎发育的影响

为了研究人的重组促黄体素（r-hLH)对小鼠早期胚胎发育的作用,我们用一定剂量的r-hFSH(人促卵泡素,20IU）结合不同剂量的r-hLH（0－20IU）,或先与不同剂量r-hLH配比（5－20IU）,再与一定剂量,r-hLH（15IU）结合,对性成熟前的小鼠进行超数排卵;并对从其输卵管冲出的早期胚胎进行体外培养,通过观察这些早期胚胎体外发育情况,再与PMSG－hCG超排小鼠的早期胚胎体外培养结果进行比较。我们发现用重组激素处理的性成熟前小鼠,无论在平均冲胚数或桑囊率,囊胚率上,都以结合r-hLH或配比r-hLH的剂量为15IU时最好,但各重组激素处理组在桑囊率和囊胚率上都极显著低于PMSG－hCG对照组的相应指标。上述结果表明,r-hLH对小鼠早期胚胎的发育（尤其是囊胚的形成）有明显的抑制作用,且与r-hLH呈一定的剂量依赖性关系。     

Regeneration of plants from callus tissues of hairy roots induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes on Alhagi pseudoalhagi

INTRoDUCTIONThe hairy root disease is a patholOgical syndromeof dicotyledonous plants fOllowing wounding and in-fection with Agrobacterum rhjZOgenesI1]. The rhi-zogenicity is conferred to p1ant cel1s by a fragmentof DNA (Ri T-DNA), which is transferred from thelarge root--inducting (Ri) plasmid, haJrboured by thebacterium, to the genome, where it is stably inte-grated and expressed. Illtegration of a DNA segment(T-DNA) of pRi into the host genome 1eads to ac-tive proliferation of…     

中脑导水管周围灰质内注射抗阿片肽血清对神经降压素增强电针镇痛的影响

本工作以钾离子透入引起大鼠甩尾反应作为痛反应指标,观察纳洛酮（ＮＸ）和抗阿片肽血清对大鼠中脑导水管周围灰质（ＰＡＧ）内微量注射神经降压素（ＮＴ）增强电针镇痛作用的影响。结果显示：（１）ＰＡＧ内微量注射ＮＴ后,大鼠电针镇痛效应明显提高;（２）ＰＡＧ内注射大剂量ＮＸ,可以显著减弱ＮＴ增强电针镇痛效应;（３）ＰＡＧ内微量注射抗甲脑啡肽血清和抗β内啡肽血清后,ＮＴ增强电针镇痛的作用明显降低;而ＰＡＧ内微量注射抗强啡肽Ａ１１３血清,对于ＮＴ增强电针镇痛的作用并无明显影响。提示：ＰＡＧ内ＮＴ在针刺镇痛过程中发挥重要作用,ＮＴ增强电针镇痛的作用与甲脑啡肽和β内啡肽有较密切的关系。     

Effects of re‐breeding rates on population size estimation of biennial breeders: results from a model based on albatrosses

Estimating total breeding populations (I) for species that exhibit biennial breeding is generally done from counts of individuals that breed in each year (N), but can be complicated by the fact that the proportion of individuals breeding varies from year to year. Partly, this reflects the proportion of individuals that re‐breed in successive years (re‐breeding rate, p), which is largely, although not exclusively, governed by reproductive failure. Here we show that variation in counts of breeding individuals not only reflects changes in total breeding population but can be sensitive to and powerfully driven by variation in p. A simulation of annual field counts of a bird exhibiting biennial breeding was constructed to explore the effect of re‐breeding attempts on estimations of the total breeding population. The model was used to simulate the consequences of adult mortality and different annual patterns of nesting failures on total breeding population estimates, and to explore the consequences of variation in p on N, when total breeding population remains constant. N is shown to be very sensitive to variations in p, so that even short‐term fluctuations in p can cause changes in N that oscillate for many years ahead. We compare our modelled results with real data for Grey‐headed Albatrosses Thalassarche chrysostoma and demonstrate that, when I is held constant in the model, actual counts may be simulated by variations in p only. Normally, I is unknown and is extrapolated from N on the assumption that N mirrors changes in the size of the total population. Consequently, applying average values of p can result in misleading estimates of total breeding population. We recommend that annual counts of breeding individuals are supplemented with annual estimates of p. Field protocols that aim to estimate annual breeding population size from counts of breeding individuals should be complemented by independent measures of rates of re‐breeding and nest failure.     

马鞍菌属新种和新组合

本文报道了产于我国的马鞍菌属Helvella的三个新种及一新组合,它们是亚梭孢马鞍菌H.subfusispora Liu et Cao,太原马鞍菌H·taiyuanensis Liu,Du et Cao中国马鞍菌H.sinensis Liu et Cao以及紫棱柄马鞍菌H.purpurea(Zang)Liu et Cao。并附有我国马鞍菌种的检索表。     

浙江天童国家森林公园鸟类区系和群落特征

2006～2009年对浙江天童国家森林公园地区的7个样点、6条样线的3种生境鸟类资源状况进行调查。共发现鸟类16目45科142种,其中东洋界75种、古北界59种、广布型8种;留鸟59种、旅鸟30种、冬候鸟30种、夏候鸟23种。国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类23种,中日候鸟保护协议鸟种49种,中澳候鸟保护协议鸟种9种,CITES附录Ⅰ物种1种,CITES附录Ⅱ物种23种。于2009年1月23日发现浙江新纪录1种——日本歌鸲(Erithacus akahige)。调查地区鸟类区系上偏重于东洋界,居留型上以留鸟为主;生境丰富,无绝对优势种,森林和农田鸟类多样性及均匀度均较湿地生境高。     

Mutational analysis of interaction between coat protein and helper component-proteinase of Soybean mosaic virus involved in aphid transmission

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a member of the genus Potyvirus , is transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent manner. It has been well documented that the helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) plays a role as a 'bridge' between virion particles and aphid stylets in the aphid transmission of potyviruses. Several motifs, including the KITC and PTK motifs on HC-Pro and the DAG motif on the coat protein (CP), have been found to be involved in aphid transmission. Previously, we have shown strong interaction between SMV CP and HC-Pro in a yeast two-hybrid system (YTHS). In this report, we further analysed this CP–HC-Pro interaction based on YTHS and an in vivo binding assay to identify crucial amino acid residues for this interaction. Through this genetic approach, we identified two additional amino acid residues (H256 on CP and R455 on HC-Pro), as well as G12 on the DAG motif, crucial for the CP–HC-Pro interaction. We introduced mutations into the identified residues using an SMV infectious clone and showed that these mutations affected the efficiency of aphid transmission of SMV. We also investigated the involvement of the PTK and DAG motifs in the CP–HC-Pro interaction and aphid transmission of SMV. Our results support the concept that physical interaction between CP and HC-Pro is important for potyviral aphid transmission. Based on the combination of our current results with previous findings, the possibility that aphid transmission may be regulated by more complex molecular interactions than the simple involvement of HC-Pro as a bridge is discussed.     

应用逆转录PCR检测海产贝壳类中的甲型肝炎病毒

污染水体中生长的贝壳类是传播甲型肝炎的重要媒介之一,本文介绍了用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测贝壳类中甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)的方法。贝壳类中HAV的浓集回收采用洗脱-沉淀法并加以改进,30g贝肉中的病毒浓集回收在1.5~2.0m l上清液中。RT-PCR检出限为回收样品经二次扩增后10-2稀释度。从7种39份采自大连近海海域的贝壳类样品中,用该法检测出阳性样品4种10份,阳性率为26%。说明各种贝壳类有不同程度的污染。     

应用计算机软件辅助重组hbFGF 基因的筛选

目的：尝试通过计算机的辅助筛选基因重组组合,期望能减少人工筛选的工作量并得到高表达的蛋白。方法：从影响表达的两个因素即翻译起始区陬的二级结构自由能和翻译起始区的密码子偏好性问题研究入手,对部分核苷酸进行了突变,利用RNA二级结构预测软件DNASISv2．5对hbFGF的陬区起始密码子开始前35个核苷酸进行了分析,筛选出预期表达量高的组合并在实验中加以验证。结果：从32种突变方式中筛选出10条自由能绝对值最低的序列做引物,克隆至表达载体上,得到了两株高表达菌株。结论：利用计算机辅助设计可以优化和筛选实验结果,提高工作效率,降低具体实验的工作量。     

一种融合表达谱相关性信息的激活子网辨识算法

传统表达谱数据分析方法集中于寻找差异表达基因和共表达基因集合,没有考虑基因表达产物之间已知的相互作用.近年来在系统生物学的研究中发展了将基因表达谱与蛋白质相互作用网络进行整合分析的方法.现有方法未能综合考虑基因表达差异性和相关性信息,容易导致辨识结果中重要功能分子缺失且生物学功能相关度不高.提出一种融合表达谱差异性和相关性信息的激活子网辨识算法,能够在蛋白质相互作用网络中辨识高功能相关度的激活子网.应用到人免疫缺陷病毒HIV-1感染过程的研究,结果表明,该算法可以有效避免仅考虑基因表达差异性所引入的偏差,揭示了高相关性低表达差异基因在相关通路中的关键性作用.