Integrated species delimitation and conservation implications of an endangered weevil Pachyrhynchus sonani (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Green and Orchid Islands of Taiwan

Oceanic islands are productive habitats for generating new species and high endemism, which is primarily due to their geographical isolation, smaller population sizes and local adaptation. However, the short divergence times and subtle morphological or ecological divergence of insular organisms may obscure species identity, so the cryptic endemism on islands may be underestimated. The endangered weevil Pachyrhynchus sonani Kôno (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Pachyrhynchini) is endemic to Green Island and Orchid Island of the Taiwan‐Luzon Archipelago and displays widespread variation in coloration and host range, thus raising questions regarding its species boundaries and degree of cryptic diversity. We tested the species boundaries of P. sonani using an integrated approach that combined morphological (body size and shape, genital shape, coloration and cuticular scale), genetic (four genes and restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing, RAD‐seq) and ecological (host range and distribution) diversity. The results indicated that all the morphological datasets for male P. sonani, except for the colour spectrum, reveal overlapping but statistically significant differences between islands. In contrast, the morphology of the female P. sonani showed minimum divergence between island populations. The populations of P. sonani on the two islands were significantly different in their host ranges, and the genetic clustering and phylogenies of P. sonani established two valid evolutionary species. Integrated species delimitation combining morphological, molecular and ecological characters supported two distinct species of P. sonani from Green Island and Orchid Island. The Green Island population was described as P. jitanasaius sp.n. Chen & Lin, and it is recommended that its threatened conservation status be recognized. Our findings suggest that the inter‐island speciation of endemic organisms inhabiting both islands may be more common than previously thought, and they highlight the possibility that the cryptic diversity of small oceanic islands may still be largely underestimated.     

异大茴香脑新资源——齿叶黄皮的研究

齿叶黄皮是生长于广东省北部石灰岩山地的一种芸香科常绿小乔木,其叶富含精油,枝叶经水蒸汽蒸馏出油率为0.7%。精油经毛细管气相色谱、气相色谱/质谱联用、红外吸收光谱、核磁共振波谱等方法分析,确证含异大茴香脑(isoanethole)93.10%。异大茴香脑对霉菌有较强抑菌活性,并可通过异构化一步转变为大茴香脑。     

湖北省等翅目三新种

本文记述湖北省等翅目三新种,毛唇散白蚁Reticulitermes tricholabtalis sp.nov.湖北散白蚁Reticulitermes hubeiensis sp.nov.和近圆唇散白蚁Reticulitermes perilabralis sp.nov.。所有正模标本均保存于广东省昆虫研究所。     

中国葫白蚁新属及二新种(等翅目:白蚁科:象白蚁亚科)

葫白蚁属Cucurbitermes新属 模式种:英德葫白蚁Cucurbitermes yingdeensis新种 兵蚁(图1—4,9—16)体型中等或大型。单态或二态。除象鼻顶端有几根刚毛外,头部和胸部背板光秃无毛。头无象鼻时,长宽几等或宽稍大于长。正面观,鼻基与触角窝处有明显葫芦状收缩,触角窝后强烈凸出,两侧圆形,后缘稍平。象鼻瘦长,管状,近顶端逐     

低温对不同耐寒力的黄瓜幼苗子叶的各细胞器中NAD~+-苹果酸脱氢酶的影响

NAD~+-MDH在黄瓜子叶中的定位是细胞溶质中占总活性的55～59％,线粒体为38～35％,叶绿体为7％。其同工酶谱亦为细胞溶质中带数最多,全青为5条,粤早3号为4条,线粒体和叶绿体均为1条,品种间无明显差异。黄瓜幼苗随低温胁迫的加剧,伤害逐步加重,子叶电解质渗出率明显增加,NAD~+-MDH活性亦不断下降,其中叶绿体的NAD~+-MDH对低温最敏感,1±1℃处理就能反映品种间耐寒力的差异。叶绿体和线粒体的NAD~+-MDH同工酶对低温的反应与活性变化一致,谱带数没有差异,只是活性降低。细胞溶质部分酶带较多,各条酶带对低温的反应不同。     

喙丽金龟属新种记述(金龟子科:丽金龟亚科)

本文记述了在云南采获的金龟子科丽金龟亚科喙丽金龟属的新种5种。新种的模式标本存中国科学院动物研究所。 Adoretus(Prionadoretus)runcinatus新种 体长9-10毫米,体宽4-4.7毫米。 棕或深棕色。披灰白色短细卧毛,均匀不密,底色显露,极疏稀地夹杂较长的竖毛。 体长形,届部稍宽。唇基半圆形,边缘上卷,在黑色边缘后密生一列短毛,表面布锯齿状细刻和小粒疣;额唇基缝稍后弯;额头顶部刻点较粗密,前方刻纹与唇基上的相似;上唇及其喙状部边缘有锯齿状深裂,喙状部的中纵脊弱小或缺;触角10节,鳃片部长于前6节     

酵母鉴定程序在酵母分类鉴定中的应用

本文介绍了Barnett等1985年编制并由剑桥大学发行的计算机软件《酵母鉴定程序》,以及如何使用该程序在IBM PC DOS操作系统上进行酵母菌的分类鉴定。我们使用该程序对从云南鸡足山和紫金山两地森林土壤中分离到的82株酵母菌进行了分类鉴定,其中:鉴定到种的有47株,占总株数的57.3％;鉴定到属但未能直接定到种的有21株,占总株数的25.6％;暂未定名的有14株,占总株数的17.1％。     

乙酰胆碱对大鼠丘脑束旁核痛兴奋和痛抑制神经元放电的影响

本实验观察了脑室注射乙酰胆碱(ACh)对丘脑束旁核(Pf)痛兴奋神经元(PEN)和痛抑制神经元(PIN)电活动的影响,并与吗啡的作用进行了比较。结果表明,脑内ACh增加可使PEN放电潜伏期延长,频率降低,持续时程缩短;可使PIN的完全抑制时程缩短。腹腔注射吗啡与ACh的作用相似。M胆碱受体阻断剂阿托品能阻断ACh对PEN和PIN的作用,但不影响吗啡对PEN和PIN的作用。说明吗啡镇痛不是通过胆碱能转递而实现的。     

大熊猫的组织学研究 Ⅲ.消化道显微结构的年龄变化

观察了初生、幼仔、亚成体和老年大熊猫的食管、胃和肠的石蜡切片。与成体的对比,生长发育阶段的主要变化发生在两个主要机能层:粘膜层和肌肉层;衰老的变化则主要出现在粘膜层,尤其是上皮组织的变化最显著,内分泌亲银细胞的数量在生长期似略有增多,成年到老年数量变化不明显。     

浙江省等翅目两新种（等翅目：白蚁科）

本文记述了等翅目白蚁科两新种：浙江大白蚁Ｍａｃｒｏｔｅｒｍｅｓ ｚｈｅｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和小葫白蚁Ｃｕｃｕｒｂｉｔｅｒｍｅｓ ｐａｒｖｉｃｅｐｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。标本均采自浙江省,正模保存于广东省昆虫研究所。