晋西黄土区土地利用对降雨入渗产流模式和优先流分布的影响试验研究

黄土高原退耕还林(草)工程显著改变了河川径流过程,但其作用机制尚不明晰。选取晋西黄土区4种典型下垫面(20年和30年刺槐人工林地、草地、休耕地)分别开展连续3场模拟降雨试验,观测坡面入渗产流过程,并结合染色示踪和图像处理软件技术,分析土地利用类型对坡面降雨入渗产流模式和优先流分布的影响。结果表明：(1)累积入渗量和优先流发育程度均表现为刺槐林地>草地>休耕地,刺槐林地优先流对总入渗的贡献是草地和休耕地的2.5—4.5倍,但优先流贡献均不超过10%,仍以基质流入渗为主。(2)4种用地类型降雨入渗主要补给地表60—70cm土层,前期降雨均匀增加表层土壤含水率,而后期降雨补给深层土壤水分的空间变异性显著增强。(3)刺槐林地产流量及径流系数均显著小于草地和休耕地,且前期含水量对20年刺槐林地的影响较小,而显著影响草地和休耕地径流系数。(4)直径d<1mm的细根显著促进降雨入渗和优先流发育,而d>5mm的粗根与入渗量和基质流量呈显著负相关。较高的土壤初始含水率、容重和粘粒含量会抑制入渗和优先流的发生。研究说明不同土地利用类型将改变降雨入渗产流过程及土壤水运动形式。     

荒漠草原生态恢复与重建：人工植被推动下水分介导的系统响应、生态阈值与互馈作用

荒漠草原(生态区)横贯我国西北地区东部,生态地位十分重要。近二十年来,通过封育禁牧、退耕还林(草),植被覆盖显著改善,但是生态系统质量和稳定性依然不高。由于长期将荒漠草原单纯视作草原的一部分,对其生态系统过渡性、脆弱性和复杂性本质特征认识不足,造成了荒漠草原生态学研究与区域生态建设实践之间不同程度的脱节。在分析荒漠草原生态区未来在我国生态安全格局中突出的但是被一定程度上忽视的地位的基础上,进一步归纳了荒漠草原生态系统的一般特征,指出了生态恢复与重建研究中存在的主要问题。进而以人工植被引入荒漠草原生态工程为案例,分析了人工植被驱动荒漠草原生态恢复与重建的过程与机制,归纳了“植被-水文-土壤”互馈作用驱动生态系统层级响应模式,并展望了今后的发展趋势与研究方向。     

盐磷胁迫对木麻黄和台湾相思种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

恶劣环境下,人工海防林因面临养分胁迫而经营困难。为探讨盐、磷胁迫对主要海防林树种木麻黄和台湾相思种子萌发及生长的影响,该研究分别用不同浓度的NaCl(盐)和KH₂PO₄(磷)溶液处理种子和浇灌幼苗,测定种子萌发和幼苗生长指标。结果表明：(1)高盐胁迫显著抑制种子萌发,对幼苗生长有一定影响,但两种植物影响程度不同;台湾相思种子萌发耐盐性高于木麻黄,前者相对盐害率最大值为23.03%,后者为89.15%;随着盐浓度增加,木麻黄和台湾相思种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数均降低,对应最大值分别为38.70%、34.67%、18.70、0.055和76.67%、62.22%、48.46、6.11。(2)两种植物的株高和根长随盐浓度增加而降低,木麻黄和台湾相思株高分别为12.29～6.01 mm和48.27～17.33 mm,根长分别为8.57～1.45 mm和33.41～5.88 mm;台湾相思根、茎、叶生物量及根冠比均随盐浓度的增加逐渐减小,木麻黄各处理差异较小。(3)台湾相思的种子和幼苗较木麻黄更耐低磷环境,二者最适磷浓度存在差异;木麻黄种...     

非侵入物理疗法——红光照射改善脂多糖诱发小鼠抑郁样行为

目的 抑郁的发生机制不清及药物的临床疗效不佳,导致其成为世界难题。已有研究发现甲醛的气态暴露或液态腹腔注射都可直接诱发小鼠抑郁样行为,而内源甲醛是否参与抑郁的发生尚不清楚。本研究探索脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）是否通过刺激内源甲醛产生而诱发小鼠抑郁的分子机制;并观察非侵入物理疗法——630 nm红光照射是否能激活甲醛脱氢酶而降解甲醛,从而改善小鼠抑郁样行为。方法 雄性成年C57BL/6J小鼠随机分组：a.对照组,腹腔注射磷酸缓冲液（phosphate buffer solution,PBS）;b.抑郁模型组,按浓度梯度腹腔注射LPS;c.红光干预组,按浓度梯度腹腔注射LPS后并定时进行630 nm全身红光照射。采用旷场实验（open field test,OFT）、糖水偏爱（suorose preference test,SPT）、悬尾实验（tail suspension test,TST）、强迫游泳（forced swimming test,FST）等方法,评估小鼠的抑郁样行为;用甲醛荧光（Na-FA,特异甲醛荧光探针）定量法及整脑甲醛荧光成像法,检测小鼠脑...     

珍稀濒危植物蒜头果种子萌发特征与幼苗类型的研究

以去除果皮后阴干的珍稀濒危植物蒜头果种子为材料,在温室大棚沙池内进行层积处理,从层积处理开始至子叶出土的不同萌发阶段,考察蒜头果种子发育形态、贮藏物质积累、酶活性以及幼苗类型等变化特征,初步探讨其种子休眠形成原因。结果显示：(1)蒜头果种子从解除休眠开始至萌发形成幼苗的过程约需195 d,其中幼胚的形态发育后熟约需75 d,随后30 d内是种子集中萌发的时期,其发芽率达到最高(53.33%);依据种胚发育形态的标志特征将此过程划分为7个阶段(S1～S7阶段):S1阶段种子未萌发,S2阶段种胚“露白”,S3阶段胚根突破种皮长超过1 cm, S4阶段下胚轴与胚根连接处形成弯钩结构,S5阶段“S”型胚形成及胚根前端膨大,S6阶段种子不仅具有膨大的胚根且已有侧根的分化,S7阶段子叶脱落,胚芽出土,真叶出现。(2)蒜头果种子在湿沙层积过程中,种胚胚长和胚率从S1阶段的(5.49±1.57)mm和(19.48±5.72)%分别增加至S6阶段的(67.92±2.94)mm和(240.75±15.29)%,胚率平均增加了12.4倍,显示蒜头果种子的胚需要经历后熟过程才能萌发,属于胚后熟型种子。(3)从...     

Design,Synthesis, and Cytotoxic Activities of Indole and Indazole-Based Stilbenes

To develop new highly effective anticancer agents derived from naturally occurring stilbene scaffold, in total of 24 indole and indazole-based stilbenes including 17 new compounds were designed according to molecular hybridization strategy and synthesized via Witting reaction. The cytotoxic screening results against human tumor cell lines (K562 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells) showed that indole and indazole-based stilbenes are of great interest for developing anticancer agents as eight derivatives possessed strong antiproliferative activities with IC₅₀ values less than 10 μM, and those synthetic derivatives displayed more higher cytotoxicities against K562 cells than MDA-MB-231 cells. In particular, indole-based stilbene bearing piperidine exhibited the most potent cytotoxicities against both K562 and MDA-MB-231 cells with IC₅₀ values 2.4 μM and 2.18 μM, respectively, along with a remarkable selectivity towards human normal L-02 cells. Together, the results suggested that indole and indazole-based stilbenes are promising anticancer scaffolds worthy of further investigation.     

Differences between migrasome,a ‘new organelle’, and exosome

The migrasome is a new organelle discovered by Professor Yu Li in 2015. When cells migrate, the membranous organelles that appear at the end of the retraction fibres are migrasomes. With the migration of cells, the retraction fibres which connect migrasomes and cells finally break. The migrasomes detach from the cell and are released into the extracellular space or directly absorbed by the recipient cell. The cytoplasmic contents are first transported to the migrasome and then released from the cell through the migrasome. This release mechanism, which depends on cell migration, is named ‘migracytosis’. The main components of the migrasome are extracellular vesicles after they leave the cell, which are easy to remind people of the current hot topic of exosomes. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles wrapped by the lipid bimolecular layer. With extensive research, exosomes have solved many disease problems. This review summarizes the differences between migrasomes and exosomes in size, composition, property and function, extraction method and regulation mechanism for generation and release. At the same time, it also prospects for the current hotspot of migrasomes, hoping to provide literature support for further research on the generation and release mechanism of migrasomes and their clinical application in the future.     

家蚕内网虫属微孢虫核糖体小亚单位RNA(SSUrRNA)核心序列的克隆和序列分析

Endoreticulatus bombycis is a new pathogenic microspordia isolated from the silkworm larvae.With polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method,we amplified a fragment of the core sequence of the small subunit ribosomal RNA( SSUr-RNA) of Endoreticulatus bombycis.The SSUrRNA fragment was inserted into pMD18-T Vector and then cloned.It had a length of 1230 nucleotides and a percentage GC content of 51.3%.The accession number in Genbank is gill 181769|AY009115.The secondary structure model of the SSUrRNA of Endoreticulatus bombycis was constructed both on the bases of the sequence alignment and RNAFOLD program of the PC-GENE package.The secondary structure model revealed that Endoreticulatus bombycis lacked many cukaryotic hclices.such as heli10,helix 11.helix 18,helix 43 and helix 46,but it has V4 region and has more of prokaryotic character.Analyzed by Blast,Endoreticulatus bombycis.Endoreticulatus schubergi and pleistophora sp.(Sd-Nu-IW8201) have a high similarity,over 98%,Phylogeny tree of Endoreticulatus and Pleistophora species showed that Endoreticulatus and Pleistophora sp.(Sd0Nu-IW8201) was in a group and the other Pleistophora species were in another group[Acta Zoologica Sinica 49(3):414-420,2001].     

蝮蛇毒碱性磷脂酶A_2基因的克隆

从蝮蛇毒腺中抽提总ＲＮＡ．利用人工合成寡核苷酸引物作逆转录,以ｃＤＮＡ为模板进行体外扩增,获得磷脂酶Ａ２（简称ＰＬＡ２）基因,克隆至ｐＢＳ－ｋｓ载体中。通过对３个碱性ＰＬＡ２（简称ＢＰＬＡ２）基因单独克隆分别作ＤＮＡ全序列分析,推导ｐｒｏ－ＢＰＬＡ２由１３８个氨基酸残基构成,与已测定的部分氨基酸序列比较,基本相符。该基因成功的克隆,不仅推导出ＢＰＬＡ２的蛋白质全序列,也为进一步开展蛇毒功能肽蛋白质工程的研究工作打下了良好的基础。