斑节对虾精子发生的超微结构

斑节对虾精子发生划分为精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子五个阶段。精子发生中，从精原细胞到精子，染色质经历了从以异染色质为主变为高度凝聚态，再经解聚为弥散絮状的变化过程。同时，核从具有完整核膜变为核膜不完整。成熟的的精子含有核仁。顶体由高尔基囊泡逐渐演化而成，并向外伸长成为棘突。这是斑节对虾精子发生的主要特征。     

Autophagy induction by xanthoangelol exhibits anti‐metastatic activities in hepatocellular carcinoma

Xanthoangelol (XAG), a prenylated chalcone isolated from the Japanese herb Angelica keiskei Koidzumi, has been reported to exhibit antineoplastic properties. However, the specific anti‐tumor activity of XAG in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the relevant mechanisms are not known. Herein, we evaluated the effect of XAG against HCC in vitro and in vivo. Although XAG treatment did not significantly reduce the viability of the Hep3B and Huh7 cell lines, it suppressed cell migration, invasion, and EMT. This anti‐metastatic effect of XAG was due to induction of autophagy, because treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyadenine (3‐MA) or knockdown of the pro‐autophagy Beclin‐1 effectively abrogated the XAG‐induced suppression of metastasis. Mechanistically, XAG induced autophagy via activation of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, and XAG treatment dramatically increased the expression of p‐AMPK while decreasing p‐mTOR expression. In addition, blocking AMPK/mTOR axis with compound C abrogated the autophagy‐mediated inhibition of metastasis. The murine model of HCC metastasis also showed that XAG effectively reduced the number of metastatic pulmonary nodules. Taken together, our results revealed that autophagy via the activation of AMPK/mTOR pathway is essential for the anti‐metastatic effect of XAG against HCC. These findings not only contribute to our understanding of the anti‐tumor activity of XAG but also provide a basis for its clinical application in HCC. Before this study, evidence of XAG on HCC was purely anecdotal; present study provides the first comprehensive assessments of XAG on HCC metastasis and investigates its underlying mechanism. Results suggest that XAG exerts anti‐metastatic properties against HCC through inducing autophagy which is mediated by the activation of AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. This research extends our knowledge about the antineoplastic properties of XAG and suggests that induction autophagy may represent future treatment strategies for metastatic HCC.     

Metabolic phenotyping to monitor chronic enteritis canceration

Introduction

Untargeted metabolomics intends to objectively analyze a wide variety of compounds. Their diverse physicochemical properties make it difficult to choose an appropriate reconstitution solvent after sample evaporation without influencing the chromatography or hamper column sorbent integrity.

Objectives

The study aimed to identify the most appropriate reconstitution solvent for blood plasma samples in terms of feature recovery, four endogenous compounds, and one selected internal standard.

Methods

We investigated several reconstitution solvent mixtures containing acetonitrile and methanol to resolve human plasma extract and evaluated them concerning the peak areas of tryptophan-d₅, glucose, creatinine, palmitic acid, and the phophatidylcholine PC(P-16:0/P-16:0), as well as the total feature count

Results

Results indicated that acetonitrile containing 30% methanol was best suited to match all tested criteria at least for human blood plasma samples.

Conclusion

Despite identifying the mixture of acetonitrile and methanol being suitable as solvent for human blood plasma extracts, we recommend to systematically test for an appropriate reconstitution solvent for each analyzed biomatrix.

     

Tin Halide Perovskites: Progress and Challenges

The chemical composition engineering of lead halide perovskites via a partial or complete replacement of toxic Pb with tin has been widely reported as a feasible process due to the suitable ionic radius of Sn and its possibility of existing in the +2 state. Interestingly, a complete replacement narrows the bandgap while a partial replacement gives an anomalous phenomenon involving a further narrowing of bandgap relative to the pure Pb and Sn halide perovskite compounds. Unfortunately, the merits of this anomalous behavior have not been properly harnessed. Although promising progress has been made to advance the properties and performance of Sn‐based perovskite systems, their photovoltaic (PV) parameters are still significantly inferior to those of the Pb‐based analogs. This review summarizes the current progress and challenges in the preparation, morphological and photophysical properties of Sn‐based halide perovskites, and how these affect their PV performance. Although it can be argued that the Pb halide perovskite systems may remain the most sought after technology in the field of thin film perovskite PV, prospective research directions are suggested to advance the properties of Sn halide perovskite materials for improved device performance.     

Indoor Thin‐Film Photovoltaics: Progress and Challenges

Energy generation and consumption have always been an important component of social development. Interests in this field are beginning to shift to indoor photovoltaics (IPV) which can serve as power sources under low light conditions to meet the energy needs of rapidly growing fields, such as intelligence gathering and information processing which usually operate via the Internet‐of‐things (IoT). Since the power requirements for this purpose continue to decrease, IPV systems under low light may facilitate the realization of self‐powered high‐tech electronic devices connected through the IoT. This review discusses and compares the characteristics of different types of IPV devices such as those based on silicon, dye, III‐V semiconductors, organic compounds, and halide perovskites. Among them, specific attention is paid to perovskite photovoltaics which may potentially become a high performing IPV system due to the fascinating photophysics of the halide perovskite active layer. The limitations of such indoor application as they relate to the toxicity, stability, and electronic structure of halide perovskites are also discussed. Finally, strategies which could produce highly functional, nontoxic, and stable perovskite photovoltaics devices for indoor applications are proposed.     

合并慢性气道疾病的ARDS临床特征及预后影响因素研究

目的:探讨急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)合并慢性气道疾病患者的临床特征及影响预后的因素。方法:167例ARDS患者根据并发症发生情况分为对照组(单纯性ARDS组,A组,n=39)及观察组(ARDS合并慢性气道疾,B组,n=49,C组,n=41,D组,n=38),比较各组患者一般情况、临床特征、生化指标、治疗方式及预后状况,通过logistic回归分析ARDS合并慢性气道疾病患者预后的影响因素。结果:观察组(B、C、D组)年龄、中性粒细胞、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、白蛋白、pro-BNP、乳酸、氧合指数、住院时间、住院费用与对照组(A组)比较差异有统计学意义,P0.05;128例ARDS合并慢性气道疾病患者中死亡76例,好转52例,病死率59.38%;单因素分析结果显示,观察组(B、C、D组)患者中临床结局好转患者与死亡患者比较,白细胞、淋巴细胞、CRP、TNF-α、IL-8、降钙素、肌酐、pro-BNP、氧合指数、住院费用、机械通气时间、抗生素数量差异有统计学意义,P0.05;通过多因素logistic回归分析发现肌酐是影响ARDS合并慢性气道疾病的潜在危险因素,氧合指数为保护因素,P0.05。结论:ARDS合并慢性气道疾病的能量代谢紊乱程度可能较单纯ARDS加重,且两者炎性特征不同。肌酐、氧合指数是影响ARDS合并慢性气道疾病的重要影响因素。     

可视软性喉镜与光棒在颈椎损伤手术患者全身麻醉气管插管中的应用效果比较

目的:比较可视软性喉镜与光棒用于颈椎损伤手术患者全身麻醉气管插管的有效性与安全性。方法:选择2017年1月至2019年2月本院60例高位颈椎骨折需行气管插管全身麻醉的患者,随机分为可视软性喉镜组(U组)和光棒组(G组)各30例。术前所有患者颈托固定,U组使用UE可视软性喉镜行气管插管,G组使用光棒行气管插管,确认气管插管成功后接呼吸机机械通气。比较两组气管插管时间、一次性插管成功率、拔管后口咽部并发症、插管前后的皮层体感诱发电位(CSEP)及运动诱发电位(MMEP)的变化。记录两组患者麻醉前、麻醉诱导后、气管插管后即刻、气管插管后1 min、气管插管后3 min的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)。结果:U组气管插管时间较G组插管时间长(P0.05);U组和G组气管插管一次性成功率分别为95%和100%;插管后即刻G组患者MAP升高较U明显(P0.05);与U组比较,G组插管后即刻及插管后1 min、3 min的HR升高较明显(P0.05);U组患者口咽部并发症较G组少;两组患者插管后SSEP及MMEP与插管前相比无阳性改变。结论:可视软性喉镜较光棒需要更长的气管插管时间,两者的气管插管一次性成功率均较高,但可视软性喉镜插管期间循环波动较小、术后口咽部并发症较轻,值得临床推广应用。     

不同饲养密度对亮斑扁角水虻幼虫生长发育及新鲜牛粪转化率的影响

为了解决养牛业中粪便污染问题,本研究利用亮斑扁角水虻(黑水虻)来转化利用牛粪,探讨了饲养密度对新鲜牛粪的转化效率。本试验以亮斑扁角水虻为研究对象,选择设置每20.0 kg牛粪投入3500头、8750头、17500头4日龄幼虫3个处理密度,在每个密度日均1.0 kg等量饲喂条件下,分析亮斑扁角水虻幼虫百虫重、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、牛粪转化率指标的差异,探索一种适于亮斑扁角水虻幼虫处理新鲜牛粪的饲养密度。结果表明:百虫重、粗蛋白、粗脂肪3个指标在3组处理之间都存在极显著差异。百虫重和粗脂肪两个指标和试验组密度情况在0.01的水平上显著负相关,但3个处理中转化率最高的为8750头的饲养密度。综合评价认为亮斑扁角水虻4日龄幼虫8750头/20.0 kg牛粪的投入量为实验范围内最佳饲养密度。     

超连续谱激光可见谱段致人眼眩目效应研究

本文采用超连续谱激光光源滤除其红外部分仅输出可见谱段部分,在不超过国家安全标准允许的最大辐照量条件下,以正入射方式照射人眼后,记录并分析在明、暗适应条件下中心极限视力恢复时间、中心近极限视力恢复时间和视觉后像持续时间,明确超连续谱激光可见谱段对人眼的眩目效果。明适应下激光照射0.1 s导致人眼中心极限视力恢复时间为31~119 s,中心近极限视力恢复时间为19~76 s;暗适应下激光照射0.1 s导致人眼中心极限视力恢复时间为26~223 s,中心近极限视力恢复时间为13~123 s;明、暗适应下导致人眼眩目效应的最小功率密度值分别为0.055 mW/cm^2和0.005 mW/cm^2。结果表明,超连续谱激光可见谱段对人眼有良好的眩目效果,可导致数十秒至数百秒的中心视力下降,随着照射功率密度增高,眩目效应增强,显示出较好的量效关系,且相同功率密度时暗适应下人眼的眩目效果优于明适应。该研究探究了明、暗适应条件下超连续谱激光对人眼眩目效应,明确了超连续谱激光与人眼眩目的量效关系。