冬虫夏草多糖的分子结构与免疫活性

 冬虫夏草多糖(在本文中名为CS-81002)是由冬虫夏草菌Cordyceps sinensis(Berk)Sacc在人工发酵条件下产生的胞外多糖。用凝胶过滤法测出CS-81002的分子量Mr=43kD。CS-81002的单糖组成为Man:Gal:Glc=10.3:3.6:1。甲基化分析和部份酸水解结果表明,CS-81002是多分支的杂多糖,由→6)-Manp-(1→形成主链,大约每10个主链Man残基中,有6个在C3位上被取代(即形成→3,6)-Manp-(1→分支),有4个在位C2上被取代(即形成→2,6-Manp-(1→分支),从而形成侧链。主链中还有少许未被取代的Man残基。侧链则由→3-)-Galf-(1→,→4)-Glcf-(1→,→4)-Manp-(1→和→2)-Manp-(1→组成。位于非还原末端的,则三种单糖残基都有。CS-81002在5mg/kg体重×12剂量条件下,对正常的昆明小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能有显著促进作用。在同样剂量条件下,对正常LACA小鼠脾脏溶血斑形成细胞(PFC)对绵羊红细胞的溶血作用无显著影响。不同程度的部份酸水解可使CS-81002的分子量下降,分支减少,并且对巨噬细胞吞噬功能的促进作用亦有下降趋势。在所得到的各个部份酸水解级分(分子量分别为41000,40000,32000,16000和12000)中,分子量为12000的级分对巨噬细胞吞噬功能无促进作用。     

人黑色素瘤细胞分泌的组织纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)的纯化

 本文报道了培养的人黑色素瘤细胞分泌的组织纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)的纯化方法。Bowes株人黑色素瘤细胞的分泌产物,经CM-Sephadex C--50层析,赖氨酸-Sepharose 4B,苯甲眯-sepharose 4B亲和层析后,即可得到纯化470倍的蛋白纯品。样品经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定为均一单带,测得其分子量约为72kD。纯化的t-PA与尿激酶相比较,发现前者有更高亲和纤维蛋白的能力。     

Lung and chest wall mechanics in rabbits during high-frequency body-surface oscillation

In eight anesthetized and tracheotomized rabbits, we studied the transfer impedances of the respiratory system during normocapnic ventilation by high-frequency body-surface oscillation from 3 to 15 Hz. The total respiratory impedance was partitioned into pulmonary and chest wall impedances to characterize the oscillatory mechanical properties of each component. The pulmonary and chest wall resistances were not frequency dependent in the 3- to 15-Hz range. The mean pulmonary resistance was 13.8 +/- 3.2 (SD) cmH2O.l-1.s, although the mean chest wall resistance was 8.6 +/- 2.0 cmH2O.l-1.s. The pulmonary elastance and inertance were 0.247 +/- 0.095 cmH2O/ml and 0.103 +/- 0.033 cmH2O.l-1.s2, respectively. The chest wall elastance and inertance were 0.533 +/- 0.136 cmH2O/ml and 0.041 +/- 0.063 cmH2O.l-1.s2, respectively. With a linear mechanical behavior, the transpulmonary pressure oscillations required to ventilate these tracheotomized animals were at their minimal value at 3 Hz. As the ventilatory frequency was increased beyond 6-9 Hz, both the minute ventilation necessary to maintain normocapnia and the pulmonary impedance increased. These data suggest that ventilation by body-surface oscillation is better suited for relatively moderate frequencies in rabbits with normal lungs.     

Tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum) nuclear transgenics with high copy number can express NPTII driven by the chloroplast psbA promoter

A chloroplast expression vector containing the NPTII gene under the control of apsbA promoter (psbA-NPTII) was constructed, and was biolistically delivered into both suspension cells and leaf strips of tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum). Analyses of subsequently recovered kanamycin-resistant transgenic plants indicate that the psbA-NPTII gene was not located in the chloroplast, but was in the nucleus in very high copy number. This conclusion was based upon results from: (1) Southern hybridization analyses of chloroplast and nuclear DNAs using NPTII, chloroplast-marker, and nuclear-marker probes; (2) pulse-field gel electrophoresis; and (3) kanamycin screening of sexual progenies. This study suggests that the nuclear expression of the NPTII gene may have been associated with many copies of the psbA-NPTII construction. Very high copy number in the nucleus might either allow NPTII expression from the otherwise inadequate psbA promoter, or might increase the chance of recombining with upstream tobacco regulatory sequences.     

鹤顶兰胚囊发育过程中微管变化的共焦显微镜观察

光镜的观察确定了鹤顶兰（Ｐｈａｉｕｓ ｔａｎｋｅｒｖｉｌｌｉａｅ （Ａｉｔｏｎ） Ｂｌ．）胚囊发育属单孢子蓼型。应用免疫荧光标记技术及共焦镜观察了胚囊发育过程中微管分布的变化。当孢原细胞初形成时,细胞内的微管呈网状分布。之后,孢原细胞体积增大发育为大孢子母细胞。大孢子母细胞延长,进入减数分裂Ⅰ。微管由分裂前的网状分布变为辐射状排列。二分体的两个细胞内的微管分布一样,呈辐射状。四分体的近珠孔端的３ 个大孢子解体,细胞内的微管消失。靠合点端的功能大孢子内有许多微管呈网状分布。当功能大孢子进入第一次有丝分裂时,细胞内的微管由网状变为辐射状,从核膜伸展至周质。再经两次有丝分裂形成八核胚囊。在核分裂之前微管一般是呈网状分布并紧包围着核。在分裂期间二核和四核胚囊都呈极性现象,微管系统也呈极性分布。微管在八核胚囊内的分布变化情形特别复杂。首先,八核分别作不同程度的移动,其中两个核移向胚囊中央,珠孔端和合点端的３ 个核分别互相靠拢,形成３ 个区,即中央区、反足区和卵器区。胚囊未形成区时,８ 个核都被网状分布的微管包围着。当胚囊明显分成区时,反足区内的微管仍作网状分布。中央区的微管分布则趋疏松,形成篮形结构,包围着液泡和两个极核。在     

紫竹梅雄蕊毛细胞发育过程中胞间连丝超微结构的变化

紫竹梅（Ｓｅｔｃｒｅａｓｅａ ｐｕｒｐｕｒｅａ）雄蕊毛细胞间的胞间连丝随着细胞的生长、发育、衰老而呈现动态变化的过程．花蕾和开放花的雄蕊毛细胞间的胞间连丝,具备胞间连丝的一般结构,直径约５０ ｎｍ ．衰老花雄蕊毛细胞间的胞间连丝拓宽,内部结构逐步降解、撤离,呈开放式通道,直径约１００ ｎｍ ． 在胞间连丝的动态开放过程中,细胞内的细胞器也发生相应变化． 对胞间连丝形成开放性通道及其机理进行了讨论     

从玉米胚中大量制备植物钙调素

从每公斤萌发２４ｈ的玉米胚丙酮粉中可提纯得６３ｍｇ的钙调素（ＣａＭ）,这是目前从每公斤植物材料中所提纯得ＣａＭ的最高记录。对其理化性质的研究表明,玉米胚ＣａＭ 有较高的生物学活性,能较好地激活磷酸二酯酶,其紫色吸收光谱,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳行为及氨基酸组成与其它的植物ＣａＭ相似。上述结果表明玉米胚是１个提取植物ＣａＭ相似。上述结果表明玉米胚是１个提取植物ＣａＭ的适宜材料。     

Induction of cysteine and serine proteases during xylogenesis in Zinnia elegans

The terminal process of xylogenesis, autolysis, is essential for the formation of a tubular system for conduction of water and solutes throughout the whole plant. Several hydrolase types are implicated in autolysis responsible for the breakdown of cytoplasm. Here, we characterize p48h-17 cDNA from in vitro tracheary elements (TEs) of Zinnia elegans which encodes a preproprotein similar to papain. The putative mature protein, a cysteine protease, has a molecular mass of 22,699 Da with a pI of 5.7. DNA gel blot analysis indicated that p48h-17 is likely encoded by one or two genes. The p48h-17 mRNA accumulated markedly in in vitro differentiating TEs, whereas it appeared not to be induced in response to senescence and wounding in the leaves or H₂O₂ challenge in the cultured mesophyll cells. In stems, the expression of the p48h-17 gene was preferentially associated with differentiating xylem. Activity gel assays demonstrated that a cysteine and a serine protease, which had apparent molecular masses of 20 kDa and 60 kDa, respectively, were markedly induced during in vitro TE differentiation. The cysteine protease activity was also preferentially present in the xylem of Zinnia stems. Transient expression of the p48h-17 cDNA in tobacco protoplasts resulted in the production of a 20 kDa cysteine protease. Taken together, the results indicate that the p48h-17 gene appears to be preferentially associated with xylogenesis, and both the cysteine and serine proteases might be involved in autolysis during xylogenesis.     

Evaluation of hydroxyl radical-scavenging property of garlic

While antibiotics are broadly used in dental and medical therapy, little attention has been directed towards the potential toxic side effects of antibiotics on tissue regeneration. Here we examined the effect of a quinolone antibiotic, pefloxacin (Rhone Poulenc) on rat parotid gland responses to chronic isoproterenol treatment. Groups of rats received injections of isoproterenol to induce glandular growth, saline (controls), pefloxacin, or isoproterenol and pefloxacin in combination. Parotid gland weight decreased significantly after pefloxacin treatment for 7 days as well as inhibiting glandular enlargement provoked by isoproterenol. The same trend was observed for the rates of DNA synthesis, with the incorporation of [³H]-thymidine in isoproterenol/pefloxacin-treated rats reduced to 49% of isoproterenol treatment alone levels. Saline-treated animals were 42% of the rate of [³H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA observed in isoproterenol treated rats. While isoproterenol treatment increased steady-state mRNA levels for fos, jun, myc, src, c-erbB-2, ras and topo II, inclusion of pefloxacin with the isoproterenol regimen blocked these increases. Pefloxacin treatment by itself did not alter proto-oncogene mRNA levels in the parotid gland. Glandular amylase activity was decreased in the pefloxacin treated group, while the combination of isoproterenol with pefloxacin did not decrease glandular amylase levels to the extent of that observed with -agonist treatment alone. In acute experiments, pefloxacin significantly decreased the volume of saliva secreted by the parotid gland. These results suggest that quinolone-based antibiotics disturb the secretory function of the parotid gland and can inhibit cell proliferation and regeneration. (Mol Cell Biochem 165: 55–63, 1996)