江西武宁地区二叠系瓜德鲁普统䗴类生物地层研究

在江西武宁的二叠系栖霞组、茅口组和龙潭组下部获得?类化石8属30种,并对其中10个属种进行系统描述。对获得的?类化石自下而上建立六个?带,分别是Schwagerina anhuiensis-Schwagerina chihsiaensis带、Schwagerina chihsianesis regularis带、Chusenella conicocylindrica带、Chusenella douvillei带、Chusenella ishanensis带和Pseudodoliolina pseudolepida带。通过与南京栖霞山,贵州盘县火铺镇等地的?类化石带对比,本研究区的栖霞组上部、茅口组和龙潭组中下部的地质时代分别为罗德期、沃德期和卡匹敦期。     

围填海景观格局演变及存量资源分析——以大连长兴岛附近海域为例

以大连市长兴岛附近海域为研究区域,收集1995年、2000年Landsat TM遥感影像及2005年、2010年、2016年高分辨率遥感影像,分析20年来研究区围填海的动态空间分布及景观格局变化特征,建立面向对象的围填海存量资源分类提取方法,并构建围填海存量资源指数,对长兴岛围填海存量资源状况进行分析,得出以下结论:(1)长兴岛附近海域围填海年动态变化在2010—2016年间幅度最大;长兴岛东南部为围填海动态变化的主要区域。(2)整个区域在监测期内表现出多种围填海小型斑块被整合,大型斑块积极向外扩展的发展态势,区域内景观表现出多样性和复杂性增加而优势度减小的趋势。(3)长兴岛附近海域围填海总体利用效率较低,填而未建区域面积最大,其次为围而未填区域及低效工业城镇用海类型,围填海存量资源总面积达到22008.5 hm~2。     

白扁豆多糖对人胃癌细胞凋亡的作用及其机制

目的：探讨白扁豆多糖对人胃癌细胞凋亡的作用及其相关机制。方法：胃癌细胞HGC-27和SGC-7901经终浓度为16、8、4、2、1和0 μg/ml的白扁豆多糖作用24、48和72h,各设3个复孔。MTS法检测其增殖活性;分别取经4、0 μg/ml白扁豆多糖作用24h的HGC-27和SGC-7901细胞（各3个复孔）,JC-1染色观察线粒体膜电位,流式细胞仪分析细胞周期和凋亡率,QPCR法探讨Bcl-2、caspase-3和Bax基因的mRNA转录水平。结果：白扁豆多糖作用后,HGC-27和SGC-7901细胞线粒体膜电位降低;细胞增殖显著受抑制（P<0.01）,且效果与药物作用浓度和时间有关;细胞凋亡率分别为53.15%和38.77%,均较PBS处理组（8.07%和6.03%）明显增加（P<0.01）,而细胞周期无显著变化;同时,细胞内Bcl-2基因的转录水平明显受抑制,Bax和caspase-3基因的转录明显上调（P<0.01）。结论：白扁豆多糖可通过调节Bax-Bcl-2-caspase3通路,诱导胃癌细胞HGC-27和SGC-7901凋亡。     

Smac类似物Birinapant的抗肝癌作用及相关分子机制

目的：探讨Birinapant抗肝癌的作用及分子机制。方法：人肝癌细胞QGY-7701经终浓度为0、1、5、25和125 nmol/L的Birinapant作用24、48和72 h,各设3个复孔,检测细胞增殖活性,分析细胞凋亡率,观察细胞核型和线粒体膜电位变化,分析基因转录与表达水平,评价药物细胞毒性;同时,将4周龄雄性BALB/C小鼠随机分成5组,每组20只,腹股沟注射肝癌细胞QGY-7701,两天后各组皮下分别注射Birinapant（0、1、5、25和125 μg/kg）,隔天注射一次,首次注射Birinapant后18 d,每组脱颈处死10只小鼠,取瘤组织称重,并记录各组剩余10只小鼠的存活期,观察Birinapant对荷瘤小鼠肝癌生长及生存期的影响。结果：与对照组（NC）比较,Birinapant处理组的细胞增殖显著受抑制、细胞凋亡率显著增加（P<0.01）,出现细胞线粒体膜电位降低及核型改变,同时细胞内cIAP-1（cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1）、cIAP-2（cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2）、ras、raf、mek、erk基因的表达显著下调（P<0.01）,caspase-3和caspase-9基因的表达水平显著上调（P<0.01）;与模型对照组（MG）比较,Birinapant处理组的荷瘤小鼠瘤组织生长速度显著减小且生存期延长（P<0.01）。结论：Birinapant通过抑制cIAP-1、cIAP-2和Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK通路蛋白的表达,激活线粒体介导的内源性凋亡,对肝癌有一定的抑制作用。     

不同覆盖方式对旱地胡麻土壤硝态氮和籽粒产量的影响

为了探讨黄土高原旱作雨养条件下覆盖种植胡麻田土壤硝态氮动态特征和增产效果,在2015和2016年胡麻生长季,以常规种植模式为对照(CK),研究了3种覆盖方式(全膜微垄覆土穴播、全膜覆土穴播和秸秆覆盖条播)对胡麻籽粒产量和关键生育时期农田硝态氮分布的影响.结果表明: 与CK相比,覆盖处理的胡麻籽粒产量分别增加56.1%(2015)和22.7%(2016),且均以全膜覆土穴播处理的籽粒产量最高.覆膜提高了胡麻根际土壤水分含量,在整个生育期的影响程度为先增加后降低;随着胡麻生育进程的推进,土壤硝态氮含量逐渐降低.两年试验中,覆盖处理下胡麻现蕾期0～40 cm土层硝态氮含量分别比CK增加3.1%～18.6%(2015)和5.1%～16.4%(2016),其中,全膜覆土穴播的增幅最大.2015年,胡麻盛花期和成熟期0～100 cm土层土壤硝态氮积累量较CK分别增加10.2%～22.2%和8.6%～21.4%,特别是在降雨较多的成熟期,0～40 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量较40～100 cm土层显著提高3.3%～4.9%,说明覆盖处理可以减缓硝态氮向下层的迁移.2016年,生育后期的高温干旱对胡麻生长造成了极大的影响,胡麻成熟期覆盖处理0～100 cm土层硝态氮积累量较CK显著增加6.6%～18.0%.相关分析表明,胡麻关键生育时期不同土层的土壤硝态氮含量与籽粒产量之间有显著正相关关系.综合考虑,全膜覆土穴播模式是适宜干旱、半干旱区推广应用的胡麻高产高效栽培方式.     

Bone-targeted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-ones: potent inhibitors of Src tyrosine kinase as novel antiresorptive agents

The design of bone-targeted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-ones as Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors is described. Leveraging SAR from known compounds and using structure-based methods, we were able to rapidly incorporate bone binding components, which maintained, and even increased potency against the target enzyme. Compound 4 displayed a high affinity for hydroxyapatite, a major constituent of bone, and demonstrated antiresoprtive activity in our cell-based assay.     

Molecular genetic analysis of grain protein content and flour whiteness degree using RILs in common wheat

Grain protein content (GPC) and flour whiteness degree (FWD) are important qualitative traits in common wheat. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping for GPC and FWD was conducted using a set of 131 recombinant-inbred lines derived from the cross ‘Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483’ in six environmental conditions. A total of 22 putative QTLs (nine GPC and 13 FWD) were identified on 12 chromosomes with individual QTL explaining 4.5–34.0% phenotypic variation. Nine QTLs (40.9%) were detected in two or more environments. The colocated QTLs were on chromosomes 1B and 4B. Among the QTLs identified for GPC, QGpc.sdau-4A from the parent Shannong 483 represented some important favourable QTL alleles. QGpc.sdau-2A.1 and QFwd.sdau-2A.1 had a significant association with both GPC and FWD. The markers detected on top of QTL regions could be potential targets for marker-assisted selection.     

镉胁迫下紫花苜蓿幼苗内源一氧化氮和活性氧的生成

以"甘农三号"紫花苜蓿幼苗为材料,在水培条件下,研究了不同浓度镉(Cd)胁迫下紫花苜蓿根、茎和叶内源一氧化氮(NO)和活性氧(ROS)的生成机制以及根系活力的变化.结果表明:在0~2.0 mmol·L-1范围内,随着Cd浓度的增加,幼苗内NO含量呈现先升高后降低的趋势,最后可维持在略高或持平于对照的水平.幼苗内一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)活性、硝酸还原酶(NR)活性、亚硝酸根离子(NO2-)含量和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量的变化与NO含量变化规律相似却又不全相同.NOS和NR是影响幼苗茎中NO含量的主要因素,NOS、NO2-和NR则是影响叶中NO含量的主要因素,而根中NO含量主要与NOS活性和NO2-含量有较大相关性.随着Cd浓度的增加,幼苗内过氧化氢(H2 O2)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧阴离子(O-2·)含量和相对电导率(REC)呈现显著升高趋势,说明高浓度的Cd处理会使ROS大量积累,细胞膜遭破坏,细胞质外流,进而引发膜脂过氧化.随着Cd浓度的增加,紫花苜蓿根系活力的变化为先升高后降低,指示了低浓度Cd处理会促进植物代谢,增强其生命力;而高浓度Cd会致使植株代谢受抑制,细胞受损害.NO和ROS的相关性不大,说明二者虽同为自由基,但它们产生和变化方式大有差别.     

Physiological and proteomic analyses of salt stress response in the halophyte Halogeton glomeratus

Very little is known about the adaptation mechanism of Chenopodiaceae Halogeton glomeratus, a succulent annual halophyte, under saline conditions. In this study, we investigated the morphological and physiological adaptation mechanisms of seedlings exposed to different concentrations of NaCl treatment for 21 d. Our results revealed that H. glomeratus has a robust ability to tolerate salt; its optimal growth occurs under approximately 100 mm NaCl conditions. Salt crystals were deposited in water‐storage tissue under saline conditions. We speculate that osmotic adjustment may be the primary mechanism of salt tolerance in H. glomeratus, which transports toxic ions such as sodium into specific salt‐storage cells and compartmentalizes them in large vacuoles to maintain the water content of tissues and the succulence of the leaves. To investigate the molecular response mechanisms to salt stress in H. glomeratus, we conducted a comparative proteomic analysis of seedling leaves that had been exposed to 200 mm NaCl for 24 h, 72 h and 7 d. Forty‐nine protein spots, exhibiting significant changes in abundance after stress, were identified using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization tandem time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS/MS) and similarity searches across EST database of H. glomeratus. These stress‐responsive proteins were categorized into nine functional groups, such as photosynthesis, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and stress and defence response.     

湖北省植物分布新记录(一)

该文报道了湖北省植物分布的新记录种7个,新记录变种2个,隶属于7科8属,分别为大叶茜草(Rubia schumanniana)、光枝杜鹃(Rhododendron haofui)、黄花葱(Allium condensatum)、小叶绣球藤(Clematis montana var.sterilis)、台湾人字果(Dichocarpum arisanense)、杨梅蚊母树(Distylium myricoides)、西康绣线梅(Neillia thibetica)、尾叶中华绣线梅(Neillia sinensis var.caudata)、粗毛牛膝菊(Galinsogaquadriradiata),并提供了地理位置、海拔及植物照片。引证标本均存于中南民族大学植物标本馆。