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181.
Overproducing the Bacillus subtilis mother cell sigma factor precursor, Pro-sigma K, uncouples sigma K-dependent gene expression from dependence on intercompartmental communication. 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
During sporulation of Bacillus subtilis, proteolytic activation of pro-sigma K and ensuing sigma K-dependent gene expression normally require the activity of many sporulation gene products. We report here that overproducing pro-sigma K at the onset of sporulation substantially uncouples sigma K-dependent gene expression from its normal dependency. Overproducing pro-sigma K in strains with a mutation in spoIIIG, spoIIIA, spoIIIE, or spoIVB partially restored sigma K-dependent gene expression in the mother cell and resulted in accumulation of a small amount of polypeptide that comigrated with sigma K, but these mutants still failed to form spores. In contrast, sporulation of spoIVF mutants was greatly enhanced by pro-sigma K overproduction. The products of the spoIVF operon are made in the mother cell and normally govern pro-sigma K processing, but overproduction of pro-sigma K appears to allow accumulation of a small amount of sigma K, which is sufficient to partially restore mother cell gene expression and spore formation. This spoIVF-independent mechanism for processing pro-sigma K depends on sigma E, an earlier-acting mother cell-specific sigma factor. The spoIIID gene, which encodes a mother cell-specific DNA-binding protein that is normally required for pro-sigma K production, was shown to be required for efficient pro-sigma K processing as well. bof (bypass of forespore) mutations bypassed this requirement for spoIIID, suggesting that SpoIIID is less directly involved in pro-sigma K processing than are spoIVF gene products. However, bof spoIIID double mutants overproducing pro-sigma K still failed to sporulate, indicating that SpoIIID serves another essential role(s) in sporulation in addition to its multiple roles in the production of sigma K. 相似文献
182.
Mouse neurovirulence determinants of poliovirus type 1 strain LS-a map to the coding regions of capsid protein VP1 and proteinase 2Apro. 总被引:8,自引:6,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
H H Lu C F Yang A D Murdin M H Klein J J Harber O M Kew E Wimmer 《Journal of virology》1994,68(11):7507-7515
Poliovirus type 1 strain LS-a [PV1(LS-a)] is a OV variant adapted to mice by multiple passages through mouse and monkey tissues. To investigate the molecular basis underlying mouse neurovirulence of PV1(LS-a), a cDNA of the viral genome containing nucleotides 112 to 7441 was cloned, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. Compared with that of the mouse avirulent progenitor PV1(Mahoney), 54 nucleotide changes were found in the genome of the PV1(LS-a) virus, resulting in 20 amino acid substitutions in the virus polyprotein. Whereas the nucleotide changes were scattered throughout the genome, the amino acid substitutions were largely clustered in the capsid proteins and, to a certain extent, in the virus proteinase 2Apro. By in vitro mutagenesis, PV1(LS-a)-specific capsid mutations were introduced into a cDNA clone of PV1(Mahoney). We show that neither the individual amino acid mutations nor combinations of mutations in the region encoding VP1 conferred to PV1(Mahoney) the mouse-adapted phenotype of PV1(LS-a). Chimeric cDNA studies demonstrated that a recombinant type 1 virus containing the PV1(LS-a) sequence from nucleotide 2470 to nucleotide 3625 displayed a neurovirulent phenotype in mice. Further dissection of this region revealed that mouse neurovirulence of PV1(LS-a) was determined by multiple mutations in regions encoding both viral proteinase 2Apro and capsid protein VP1. The mouse neurovirulent viruses, PV1(LS-a), W1-M/LS-Pf [nucleotides 496 to 3625 from PV1(LS-a)], and W1-M/LS-NP [nucleotides 2470 to 3625 from PV1(LS-a)], showed increased sensitivity to heat treatment at 45 degrees C for 1 h. Surprisingly, the thermolabile phenotype was also displayed by a recombinant of PV1(Mahoney) carrying a PV1(LS-a) DNA fragment encoding the N-terminal portion of 2Apro. This suggests that base substitutions in the region encoding 2Apro affected capsid stability, thereby contributing to the neurovirulence of the virus in mice. 相似文献
183.
Selection for higher yields and heat resistance in Pima cotton has caused genetically determined changes in stomatal conductances 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gas exchange analysis was used to characterize photosynthetic and stomatal responses to key environmental stimuli in five commercial lines of Pima cotton ( Gossypium barbadense L.) which represent a gradient of selection for higher yields and heat resistance, and a primitive, uncultivated G. barbadense. At constant light and vapor pressure deficit, stomatal conductance increased linearly with air temperature in the 23 to 36$C range in all five commercial lines, and conductance at each temperature increased as a function of selection. In contrast, photosynthetic rates had a low sensitivity to temperature in the 23 to 36$C range, particularly in the advanced lines. In a segregating F2 population from a cross between the advanced line, Pima S-6, and the primitive cotton, B368, the slope of the stomatal response to temperature in each F2 plant was positively correlated with the stomatal conductance measured at 40$C. An analysis of the frequency distribution of stomatal conductance in F1 and F2 progeny of the cross showed that the differences in stomatal conductance between lines were genetically determined. These data indicate that selection for higher yield and heat resistance in Pima cotton has caused genetically determined changes in stomatal properties. Characterization of the relationship between the altered stomatal properties and the attained increases in heat resistance and yields could make it possible to use these physiological traits as selection criteria in future breeding programs. 相似文献
184.
Five cDNAs encoding Arabidopsis GF14 proteins. 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
185.
Luís C. Duarte Alexandra P. Nobre Francisco M. Gírio M. T. Amaral-Collaço 《Biotechnology Techniques》1994,8(12):859-864
Summary The kinetic parameters of the yeastDebaryomyces hansenii grown in continous cultivation on D-xylose were determined by different methods. While the values obtained for μm by the steady state and the washout methods only gave a 3% difference, the determined Ks values by the steady state and the maximal biomass output methods led a to a 305% difference. The latter method was suggested
to overestimate the Ks value. 相似文献
186.
利用COS7细胞暂时表达系统,研究转译起始序列对EPO-cDNA表达的影响。通过DNA重组技术,构建了原EPO-cDNA表达载体pCSV-EPO(1),其转译起始序列为5'AATTCATGG3'。同时通过定点突变技术,将起始序列改变成5'CCACCATGG3',而构建了另一表达载体PCSV-EPO(2)。后经序列分析证明无误后和前均通过DEAE-dextran法转染COS7细胞上清,测定结果为 相似文献
187.
对废水淤泥的厌氧消化处理过程进行了研究.提出了一种基于神经网络的非模型控制方法。多变量控制系统的操作变量为供热量和进水量.被控变量为消化温度和消化污泥排出浓度。证明了控制算法的收敛性。讨论了控制系统的稳定性。仿真结果证实了非模型控制方法的有效性。该方法无需对象的模型.为复杂生化过程的控制提供了一种新途径。 相似文献
188.
189.
小麦叶蜂危害的产量损失与防治指标研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
当小麦叶蜂幼虫数量相等时,在较干旱的年份(1988)危害较重;而在气候较湿润的年份(1989)危害较轻。虫量与产量损失成正相关(r=0.9821**),其中以25头/m2幼虫危害的产量损失突增,达显著水平,可以认定为防治指标。 相似文献
190.
为了进一步研究Elymus sibiricus L.、E.nutans Griseb.和E.burchan-buddae(Neuski)Tzelev
[=Roegneria nutans(Keng)Keng]的外部形态差异及其系统学关系,本文对这三种植物的6个穗部形
态性状进行了观测和比较,并对这三个Elymus种进行了种间杂交及杂种F1的减数分裂染色体配对行
为的分析研究。结果表明:这三个Elymus种的穗长及颖长等性状均变异很大,而内稃的长、宽则变异
不大并具有明显的种间差异。E. nutans×E.barchan-buddae及E.nutans×E.sibiricus的杂种F1均完
全不育,减数分裂不规则。E.nutans×E.burchan-buddae杂种F1的减数分裂构型为:7.70I+13.40
Ⅱ+0.06Ⅲ+O.08 Ⅳ,而E.sibiricus×E.nutans杂种F1的构型为11.98 Ⅰ+9.61Ⅱ+O.64Ⅲ+0.39
Ⅳ+0.01V。由本实验的形态学和细胞学的研究结果得出以下结论:1.利用内稃形态性状结合穗部
其它性状的差异能对这三个物种进行较准确的鉴定;2.E.nutans与E.burchan-buddae的亲缘关系较
近,而E.nutans与E.sibiricus的亲缘关系则较远;3. E,burchan-buddae×E.nutans的杂种Fl中存在着染色体配对控制因子。 相似文献