Extractive fermentation of lactic acid by immobilizedLactobacillus casei using ion—exchange resin

Summary A novel method of lactic acid fermentation byLactobacillus casei immobilized in Ca—alginate gels is described, in which an ion—exchange resin packed column is attached to a fermentor for separation of lactic acid from fermentative broth. The technique successfully alleviated the restriction imposed by lactic acid on bacterial growth and product formation. As compared to the conventional batch fermentation, the new fermentation technique enhanced the lactic acid productivity and sugar conversion rate from 0.328g/L·h and 88. 2% to 0.482g/L·h and 98.6%, respectively.     

The ends and the middle: putting chromosomes together

The three known classes of eukaryotic telomeres share the requirement for an RNA template in their replication. This RNA-templated replication is subject to species-specific differences, such as telomere length and its regulation, which suggest that telomeres may have acquired different additional functions in different organisms. Centromeres show less conservation than do telomeres.     

鲤肠道正常菌群的研究

本实验用稀释滴种的定量方法,对淡水养殖地中健康鲤肠道内的１０种菌群进行了定性、定量分析,并对结果进行统计学处理,得到鲤肠菌群的一些生理值。结果表明鲤肠道中需氧、兼性厌氧优势菌是气单胞菌和酵母菌,厌氧优势菌是拟杆菌。对不同时间、不同温度条件下同一养殖池中鲤肠道菌群的测定结果比较表明：葡萄球菌、假单胞菌差异显著（ｐ＜０．０５）,气单胞菌、大肠杆菌、需氧芽胞杆菌、酵母菌、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、拟杆菌、梭状芽胞杆菌差异不显著（ｐ＞０．０５）,表明该８种菌群在鲤肠道中的菌数处于相对稳定状态,属于肠道正常菌群。     

Differential adenoassociated virus vector-driven expression of a neuropeptide Y gene in primary rat brain astroglial cultures after transfection with sendai virosomes versus LipofectinTM

The ability of Sendai virosomes or Lipofectin^TM to introduce an AAV vector into primary rat brain astroglial cultures was characterized. The pJDT95npy vector was constructed by inserting rat NPY cDNA downstream from the indigenous AAV p5, p19 and p40 promoters in pJDT95. Lipofectin^TM-mediated transfection with pJDT95npy (10 g) resulted in pronounced expression of several NPY mRNA species: p5-driven (3.3 kb), p19-driven (2.7 kb) and p40-driven (0.6, 0.8, 1.1, and 1.8 kb). Exposure to virosomally encapsulated pJDT95npy (50 or 100 ng) resulted in transient expression of some p40-driven mRNA species (0.8 and 1.8 kb). Neither method produced astroglia cells which synthesized mature NPY immunoreactivity. This demonstrates that an AAV-derived vector can drive gene expression in astroglia, that Sendai virosomes can infuse vectors into astroglia, but that the amount of DNA infused in this manner may limit long term expression.     

Homology models of two isozymes of manganese peroxidase: Prediction of a Mn(II) binding site

The three-dimensional structures of two isozymes of manganese peroxidase (MnP) have been predicted from homology modeling using lignin peroxidase as a template. Although highly homologous, MnP differs from LiP by the requirement of Mn(II) as an intermediate in its oxidation of substrates. The Mn(II) site is absent in LiP and unique to the MnP family of peroxidases. The model structures were used to identify the unique Mn(II) binding sites, to determine to what extent they were conserved in the two isozymes, and to provide insight into why this site is absent in LiP. For each isozyme of MnP, three candidate Mn(II) binding sites were identified. Energy optimizations of the three possible Mn(II) enzyme complexes allowed the selection of the most favorable Mn(II) binding site as one with the most anionic oxygen moieties best configured to act as ligands for the Mn(II). At the preferred site, the Mn(II) is coordinated to the carboxyl oxygens of Glu-35, Glu-39, and Asp-179, and a propionate group of the heme. The predicted Mn(II) binding site is conserved in both isozymes. Comparison between the residues at this site in MnP and the corresponding residues in LiP shows that two of the three anionic residues in MnP are replaced by neutral residues in LiP, explaining why LiP does not bind Mn(II). © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Zn对细胞保护作用机理的研究

应用扫描质子微探针和同步辐射ｘ荧光分析技术测定了细胞中元素的分布和组成,为确定Zn是细胞结构成分提供了直接的实验依据.用上述核技术结合有关生化指标,分析测定了正常和损伤细胞（脂质过氧化损伤）中Fe,Zn和丙二醛、SH基含量变化的相互关系.实验结果表明,当细胞发生脂质过氧化损伤时,Fe含量和丙二醛含量同步增高,而Zn含量和SH基量则降低.给细胞补充Zn后,提高了细胞质膜中的Zn含量,SH基量也随之增加,同时丙二醛量降低.提示Zn保护细胞完整性的作用机理之一是控制脂质过氧化作用.Zn可保护膜蛋白的SH基,减少和阻止被Fe所催化的过氧化反应.     

血管活性肠多肽结合核苷酸性质的研究

采用光亲和技术检测了血管活性肠多肽(VIP)与核苷酸之间的相互作用,发现VIP可以特异性结合同位素标记的GTP,还发现未标记的GTP以及其它三磷酸核苷抑制这种结合,这意味着VIP与上述三磷酸核苷之间的结合是一种典型的可逆性的结合反应.发现低浓度的GDP,GMP不但不抑制VIP与同位素标记GTP的结合反应,反而增强这种结合.联系到其它研究者关于GTP影响VIP与其受体结合反应的结果,可认为VIP能可逆性地连接一种三磷酸核苷,这种连接受反应系统中不同核苷酸比例影响,通过这种连接来调节VIP与其受体之间的反应.     

沈阳西部污灌水中有机污染物的分析

沈阳西部污灌水中有机污染物的分析刘海玲,张丽珊,姚家彪,于殿臣,朱岩,可夫,姜萍（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,１１００１５）ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆＯｒｇａｎｉｃＰｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｉｎＩｒｒｉｇａｔｅｄｓｅｗａｇｅＩｎＷｅｓｔｅｒｎＳｈｅｎｙａｎｇ．...     

Application of fuzzy reasoning to control of glucose and ethanol concentrations in baker's yeast culture

Fuzzy reasoning was applied to control both ethanol and glucose concentrations in fed-batch cultures of baker's yeast. This fuzzy controller consisted of three membership functions (concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), ethanol and glucose) and 18 production rules. Fuzzy inference was carried out by IF {A is a and B is b,...#x007D;, THEN {C is c} from the on-line measured concentrations of DO, ethanol and glucose. When medium concentrations of ethanol and glucose in fed-batch culture of baker's yeast were set at 2 g/l and 0.2 g/l, both ethanol and glucose concentrations were controlled at 2.67±0.35 g/l and 0.27±0.25 g/l, respectively, ethanol production was reduced from 26 g/l to 34 g/l, cell yield increased from 0.38 to 0.53 g dry cell/g consumed glucose and ethanol yield decreased from 0.50 to 0.14 g ethanol/g consumed glucose, respectively, as compared with those of the glucose only control at 0.2 g/l.     

异质性荧光染色的巨噬细胞功能研究I．异质性荧光染色的巨噬细胞吞噬活性

利用淀粉多糖和免疫促进剂（白喉类毒素和卡介苗）诱导和活化小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,观察了四种异质性荧光染色的巨噬细胞非特异性和特异性吞噬活性。实验证明,深蓝色和淡蓝色荧光的巨噬细胞是分化程度低的幼稚细胞,非特异性吞噬功能较弱,但在特异性吞噬过程中呈现了活跃的吞噬活性,特别是在免疫促进剂的活化下,它们的特异性吞噬功能显著增强、淡蓝绿色荧光的巨噬细胞是分化程度较高、非特异性和特异性吞噬功能最旺盛的巨噬细胞,而黄色荧光的巨噬细胞是分化程度最高、特异性吞噬功能较减退的巨噬细胞。