柴胡属植物化学成分及药理研究新进展

介绍了近十年来国内外柴胡属植物化学成分及主要化学部位药理研究新进展.为进一步研究开发柴胡提供了依据.     

Epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78), acute coronary syndrome prognosis, and modulatory effect of statins

Endothelial inflammation with chemokine involvement contributes to acute coronary syndromes (ACS). We tested the hypothesis that variation in the chemokine gene CXCL5, which encodes epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78), is associated with ACS prognosis. We also investigated whether statin use, a potent modulator of inflammation, modifies CXCL5's association with outcomes and characterized the in vitro effect of atorvastatin on endothelial ENA-78 production. Using a prospective cohort of ACS patients (n = 704) the association of the CXCL5 -156 G>C polymorphism (rs352046) with 3-year all-cause mortality was estimated with hazard ratios (HR). Models were stratified by genotype and race. To characterize the influence of statins on this association, a statin*genotype interaction was tested. To validate ENA-78 as a statin target in inflammation typical of ACS, endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with IL-1beta and atorvastatin with subsequent quantification of CXCL5 expression and ENA-78 protein concentrations. C/C genotype was associated with a 2.7-fold increase in 3-year all-cause mortality compared to G/G+G/C (95%CI 1.19-5.87; p = 0.017). Statins significantly reduced mortality in G/G individuals only (58% relative risk reduction; p = 0.0009). In HUVECs, atorvastatin dose-dependently decreased IL-1beta-stimulated ENA-78 concentrations (p<0.0001). Drug effects persisted over 48 hours (p<0.01). CXCL5 genotype is associated with outcomes after ACS with potential statin modification of this effect. Atorvastatin lowered endothelial ENA-78 production during inflammation typical of ACS. These findings implicate CXCL5/ENA-78 in ACS and the statin response.     

Quantitative-Trait Loci Influencing Body-Mass Index Reside on Chromosomes 7 and 13: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study

Obesity is a risk factor for many chronic diseases, including glucose intolerance, lipid disorders, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. Even though the body-mass index (BMI) is a heterogeneous phenotype reflecting the amount of fat, lean mass, and body build, several studies have provided evidence of one or two major loci contributing to the variation in this complex trait. We sought to identify loci with potential influence on BMI in the data obtained from National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study. Two complementary samples were studied: (a) 1,184 subjects in 317 sibships, with 243 markers typed by the Utah Molecular Genetics Laboratory (UMGL) and (b) 3,027 subjects distributed among 401 three-generation families, with 404 markers typed by the Mammalian Genotyping Service (MGS). A genome scan using a variance-components-based linkage approach was performed for each sample, as well as for the combined sample, in which the markers from each analysis were placed on a common genetic map. There was strong evidence for linkage on chromosome 7q32.3 in each sample: the maximum multipoint LOD scores were 4.7 (P<10-5) at marker GATA43C11 and 3.2 (P=.00007) at marker D7S1804, for the MGS and UMGL samples, respectively. The linkage result is replicated by the consistent evidence from these two complementary subsets. Furthermore, the evidence for linkage was maintained in the combined sample, with a LOD score of 4.9 (P<10-5) for both markers, which map to the same location. This signal is very near the published location for the leptin gene, which is the most prominent candidate gene in this region. For the combined-sample analysis, evidence of linkage was also found on chromosome 13q14, with D13S257 (LOD score 3.2, P=.00006), and other, weaker signals (LOD scores 1.5-1.9) were found on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 14, and 15.     

中国东北大兴安岭地区蒙古栎上一种新的森林病原菌(英文)

中国东北大兴安岭地区蒙古栎 (Quercusmongolica)上的边材腐朽病的病原菌为安氏纤孔菌 (Inono tusandersonii)。本文根据采集的病原标本材料对该病原菌进行了详细描述 ,并根据野外调查对此新病害的症状和危害进行了报道。该菌主要危害超过 2 0年生蒙古栎顶部主要枝干 ,造成枝干边材白色腐朽 ,最终导致顶部干枝枯死或风折后死亡。     

三峡库区特有种疏花水柏枝的保护遗传学研究

采用超薄平板微型聚丙烯酰胺等电聚焦电泳方法对三峡库区特有种疏花水柏枝 (Myricarialaxiflora)的 13个自然居群和 1个人工迁地保护居群的等位酶遗传变异进行了初步研究。检测了 5个酶系统 ,得到 13个等位酶位点 ,遗传多样性及其遗传结构分析结果表明 :疏花水柏枝具有较高水平的遗传多样性 ,平均多态位点比率P =78.7% ,每位点平均等位基因数A =1.8,平均预期杂合度He=0 .317,高于中国植物特有种的平均水平 ,且群体中杂合基因型个体偏多 ;其遗传变异主要发生于居群内 ( 84.86 % ) ,居群间又存在一定的遗传分化 (Gst=0 .15 14) ,居群间平均基因流Nm =1.40 1,居群间遗传距离为 0 .0 0 2～ 0 .176 ;UPGMA聚类分析显示疏花水柏枝在三峡湖北境内的白水河—泄滩一带分为上游和下游 2个居群组 ;武汉植物园迁地保护的混合居群基本保育了其遗传多样性总水平。在分析讨论疏花水柏枝遗传多样性与其繁育系统、生境及其起源进化的关系的基础上 ,探讨了疏花水柏枝濒危的主要原因 ,推断其应为第四纪冰期影响后的古孑遗种。最后 ,在评价迁地保护成果的基础上 ,提出了今后进一步保育的策略。     

水盾草在中国的分布特点和入侵途径

水盾草(Cabomba caroliniana)是原产南、北美洲的水生植物,近年来在野外调查中发现它在中国已经成为归化植物。通过华东、华南和华中地区的实地考察,调查点共300多个,覆盖我国东南沿海及华中10省（市、区）80多个县（市）。结果发现有水盾草分布的点67个。目前水盾草在中国分布于浙江北部的杭嘉湖平原和宁绍平原、江苏南部的太湖流域及上海西部的淀山湖附近的河网地带。从地理纬度上看,自29°33′7″N（建德梅城）至31°35′2″N（常熟昆承湖）;主要的水域类型为一些水流缓慢、水位稳定的小河道和中小型湖泊。在水盾草所处的沉水植物群落中,共调查到大型沉水植物8科18属21种,常见种为苦草(Vallisneria natans)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)、菹草(Potamogeton crispus),这些也是浙北、苏南地区水域主要的水生植物。根据水盾草与各个种的种间相遇百分率来看,金鱼藻最高,为51.33%,其次为苦草、黑藻和菹草,分别为45.05%、36.56%、35.64%。可见相对其他水生植物群落而言,由这些种所组成的水生植物群落更易为水盾草所侵入。从各个分布点水盾草所处状态来看,有些点的水盾草已成为群落的优势种,有的刚刚定居,还有的则仍处于零星漂浮状态,这也表明水盾草在我国仍在进一步扩散之中。根据水盾草种子无成熟的胚及植株对脱水的敏感性,推测中国的水盾草最初可能是作为水族馆观赏水草引进而逸生的。从原产地水盾草分布纬度范围、适生环境、气候条件,结合其在我国的分布特点分析,水盾草在我国尚有很大的扩散空间,为了避免类似凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)那样的事件在中国重演,必须引起有关部门及科技人员对水盾草的重视。     

中国棉田和稻田茧蜂近缘种的RAPD分子标记研究

我国棉田和水稻田分别有寄生棉红铃虫和稻纵卷叶螟的茧蜂近缘种 ,著者以RAPD分子标记构建此 4种茧蜂基因组的RAPD多态性图谱 ,根据这 4种茧蜂的DNA多态图谱和遗传相似系数 ,明确这 4种茧蜂是 4个不同种。证实黄胸茧蜂Braconisomera (Cushman)和黑胸茧蜂B .nigrorufum (Cushman)仍为独立的姊妹种。菲岛折脉茧蜂CardiochilesphilippensisAshmead和褐翅折脉茧蜂C .fubscipennic Szpligeti为不同种。     

斜颌鲴养殖试验概况

在毛主席革命路线指引下,在各级党委领导下,我省淡水养鱼生产迅速发展,群众性科学养鱼实验活动广泛开展,先进的养鱼经验和优良鱼类品种迅速推广,单位面积产量逐年提高,大面积淡水养鱼稳产高产基地相继建立,淡水养鱼生产形势一派大好。       

云南省蚋科一新种：双翅目：蚋科

本文报道云南省蚋科一新种：谭氏梯蚋Ｔｉａｎｏｐｔｅｒｙｘ ｔａｎａｅ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。标本采自大理市郊一小溪中。新种雄虫的生殖腹板和雌虫的生殖叉突较近似于斯里兰卡的Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｂｙｓｓｏｄｏｎ）ｌａｎｇｕｉｄｕｍ Ｄａｖｉｅｓ ｅｔＧｙｏｒｋｏｓ,但其他特征有明显的不同。     

浅谈湖南隆回县石灰岩裸露山地的开发利用问题

湖南省隆回县南部系丘陵岗地,人多山少(人平均仅1.43亩),总面积为200.8万亩,占全县总面积的46%。基岩绝大部分系石灰岩,岩溶发育,其中石灰岩裸露地区达123万亩,占61.5%是涟邵石灰岩丘陵的组成部分之一。海拔300—500米,土壤粘重,肥力中等,厚薄不一,呈中性或微碱、微酸性反应。气候温和、阳光充足。年平均气温16.9℃,≥10℃积温5145℃,降雨量1293.3毫米,集中在4—6月,春多低温霉雨,秋季酷热干旱。适宜阳性耐干旱树种生长。据1975年森林资源调查,县南部石灰岩面裸露60%以上的石山面积达69197亩,按国家规定被划为“不宜农林牧的特用地”。本文单就这些岩石裸露山地能否利用问题进行剖析。