Insertional Mutation on Mouse Chromosome 18 with Vestibular and Craniofacial Abnormalities

A dominant mutation was generated in transgenic mice as a consequence of insertional mutation. Heterozygous mice from transgenic line 9257 (Tg(9257)) are hyperactive with bidirectional circling behavior and have a distinctive facial appearance due to hypoplasia of the nasal bone. Morphological analysis of the inner ear revealed asymmetric abnormalities of the horizontal canal and flattening or invagination of the crista ampullaris, which can account for the circling behavior. The sensory epithelium appeared to be normal. The transgene insertion site was localized by in situ hybridization to the B1 band of mouse chromosome 18. Genetic mapping in an interspecific backcross demonstrated the gene order centromere--Tg(9257)--8.8 +/- 3.4--Grl-1, Egr-1, Fgf-1, Apc--14.7 +/- 4.3--Pdgfr. The phenotype and the mapping data suggest that the transgene may be inserted at the Twirler locus. Homozygosity for the transgene results in prenatal lethality, but compound heterozygotes carrying the Tw allele and the transgene are viable. The function of the closely linked ataxia locus is not disrupted by the transgene insertion. This insertional mutant will provide molecular access to genes located in the Twirler region of mouse chromosome 18.     

Effect of shock-loading of heavy metals on total organic carbon and phosphate removal in an anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge process

The effect of shock-loading of zinc, copper and cadmium ions on the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) and phosphate in an anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge process was investigated. TOC removal was not sensitive to shock-loading of Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ ions, and complete removal was achieved even at 20 mg Zn²⁺/l and 20 mg Cd²⁺/l. However, with over 1 mg Cu²⁺/1 TOC removal efficiency decreased. PO _inf4 ^sup3- removal, in contrast, was extremely sensitive to these metal ions, with the threshold being 1 mg Zn²⁺/l and 1 mg Cd²⁺/l. Higher concentrations adversely affected PO _inf4 ^sup3- removal. Copper again proved detrimental; no PO _inf4 ^sup3- removal was achieved even at 1 mg Cu/l. These results highlight the sensitivity of the removal efficiencies of TOC and PO _inf4 ^sup3- to shock loadings of these heavy metals.Y.P. Ting is with the Department of Chemical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 0511, Singapore; H. Imai and S. Kinoshita are with the Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan.     

人工饲养蒙新河狸的发情交配行为

人工饲养的蒙新河猪其动情周期可划分为４个阶段：动情前期、动情期（发情交配期）、动情后期和停滞期（动情间隔期）。动情期间雌雄河狸均表现出活跃好动,浮躁不安,食量减小;发情交配期雌雄河狸均发出低沉嘶哑的叫声,雄性叫声频率比性略高,爬跨交配是动情期发情的高峰,动情周期各阶段的行为特征,在雌性与阴道涂片细胞学及外生殖器形态、色泽、阴道分泌物周期性变化特征相吻合,在雄性则与睾丸及阴茎形态特征吻合,在人工饲养     

心脏肾素－血管紧张素系统在游泳引起的生理性心肌肥大中的作用

本实验采用游泳训练（ＳＷ）引起的大鼠心肌肥大模型,通过放射免疫及生化等方法,对生理性心肌肥大时,心脏和循环肾素－血管紧张素系统（ＲＡＳ）的变化进行了初步研究。观察到游泳五周时,大鼠左、右心室重与体重比值（Ｖ／Ｂｗｔ）显著升高,同时,左、右室心肌血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ）含量及心肌Ａｎｇ转换酶（ＡＣＥ）活性也较对照组明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。心肌ＡｎｇⅡ与Ｖ／Ｂｗｔ之间存在明显的正相关关系（ｒ＝０．７７２１,Ｐ＜０．００１）。ＳＷ组血浆ＡｎｇⅠ,Ⅱ及肾素活性（ＲＡ）与对照组相比无明显差异,其血浆ＡｎｇⅡ与Ｖ／Ｂｗｔ之间无明显相关性。上述研究提示：心脏ＲＡＳ在ＳＷ引起的生理性心肌肥大中可能起着重要作用,而且这种作用在很大程度上不依赖于循环ＲＡＳ。     

低氧低二氧化碳对大鼠脑血流的调节作用

低氧下脑血流与急性高原病有关,许多研究已证明,低氧不适应者的ＣＢＦ明显高于低氧适应者,而高原世居者则低于海平正常值。低氧下低动脉血二氧化碳分压有对抗低氧扩血管及降低ＣＢＦ的作用。因此研究低氧下低ＰａＣＯ２对ＣＢＦ的调节作用对于研究急性高原病的防治及其机理分析具有重要意义。本项研究目的：（１）揭示低氧下低ＰａＣＯ２与ＣＢＦ之间的关系;（２）通过增加通气量使ＰａＣＯ２下降至合适水平,以保护脑血流维持在     

低浓度氢清除法测定大鼠局部脑血流量

利用氢清除法测量动物局部脑血流量已被广泛应用于研究中。本文采用低于爆炸范围下限的３％Ｈ２浓度,它可以与任何比例的氮氧气体安全混合,且可避免吸纯氢期间的短暂缺氧,更为严格地控制了实验条件,增加了安全和准确性。本工作对吸１００％Ｈ２和吸３％Ｈ２以及吸３％Ｈ２１－１．５ｍｉｎ和吸３％Ｈ２５ｍｉｎ测得脑血流量分析作了比较,结果表明短期低浓度氢清除法能较好地反映动物的局部脑血流量。     

豚鼠腹腔神经节细胞γ－氨基丁酸双相反应的药理学特性

在豚鼠腹腔神经节细胞,γ－氨基丁酸（ＧＡＢＡ）可诱发“去极化－超极化”的双相反应,去极化伴膜电阻减小,超极化伴膜电阻增大,这种反应在低钙高镁液中仍然存在。蝇蕈醇可模拟ＧＡＢＡ双相反应,但在诱发相同强度的去极化反应时,蝇蕈醇产生的超极化弱于ＧＡＢＡ。荷包牡丹碱（１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和印防已毒素（１００—３００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）能可逆地抑制ＧＡＢＡ诱发的双相反应。Ｂａｃｌｏｆｅｎ对神经节细胞的膜电位无明显影响。结果提示,ＧＡＢＡ双相反应的去极化相由ＧＡＢＡＡ／Ｃｌ－通道受体复合物介导,而超极化相很可能由不同于经典的ＧＡＢＡＡ受体,但其药理学行为又由与之十分相近的另一种ＧＡＢＡ受体介导。     

水分胁迫对小麦光系统Ⅱ的影响

水分胁迫可降低小麦叶绿体的室温荧光产量和Ｍｇ２＋ 在两个光系统间的调节能力、叶片的可变荧光产量、可变荧光猝灭速率以及荧光上升互补面积,表明光系统Ⅱ受到了伤害。光系统Ⅱ氧化侧的人工电子供体ＤＰＣ能部分恢复受到抑制的叶绿体可变荧光,说明水分胁迫对光系统Ⅱ的损伤部位不仅位于氧化侧,也可能在反应中心上     

质体醌重组的D1／D2／Cytb559复合物的荧光衰减动力学和光破坏作用

光系统Ⅱ反应中心Ｄ１／Ｄ２／Ｃｙｔｂ５５９ 在分离纯化过程中失去了电子受体ＱＡ 和ＱＢ,人工合成的质体醌可以与Ｄ１／Ｄ２／Ｃｙｔｂ５５９ 复合物发生重组。癸基质体醌（ＤＰＱ）与Ｄ１／Ｄ２／Ｃｙｔｂ５９９ 复合物的重组导致该复合物的荧光强度下降及发射光谱蓝移,同时两个与光化学活性相关的长寿命（２４ ｎｓ和７３ ｎｓ）荧光衰减组分占整个荧光的百分数下降,这些结果表明ＤＰＱ作为Ｐｈｅｏ－ 的电子受体,限制了Ｐ６８０＋ ·Ｐｈｅｏ－ 的电荷重组。ＤＰＱ 的加入对Ｄ１／Ｄ２／Ｃｙｔｂ５５９复合物中Ｃｈｌａ 分子的光破坏敏感性影响不大,但β－胡萝卜素在加入ＤＰＱ 之后可以被光照破坏,这个过程可能与β－胡萝卜素的生理功能相关。