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91.
92.
Genomic sequencing reveals gene content,genomic organization,and recombination relationships in barley 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Rostoks N Park YJ Ramakrishna W Ma J Druka A Shiloff BA SanMiguel PJ Jiang Z Brueggeman R Sandhu D Gill K Bennetzen JL Kleinhofs A 《Functional & integrative genomics》2002,2(1-2):51-59
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most important large-genome cereals with extensive genetic resources available in the public sector. Studies
of genome organization in barley have been limited primarily to genetic markers and sparse sequence data. Here we report sequence
analysis of 417.5 kb DNA from four BAC clones from different genomic locations. Sequences were analyzed with respect to gene
content, the arrangement of repetitive sequences and the relationship of gene density to recombination frequencies. Gene densities
ranged from 1 gene per 12 kb to 1 gene per 103 kb with an average of 1 gene per 21 kb. In general, genes were organized into
islands separated by large blocks of nested retrotransposons. Single genes in apparent isolation were also found. Genes occupied
11% of the total sequence, LTR retrotransposons and other repeated elements accounted for 51.9% and the remaining 37.1% could
not be annotated.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
93.
94.
Chalcone isomerase gene from rice (Oryza sativa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare): physical,genetic and mutation mapping 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The barley and rice chalcone flavonone isomerase (Cfi) genes were isolated and identified by homology to the maize Cfi gene. Structure analysis indicated high similarity except that the barley gene lacked intron 3. The maize Cfi gene has been mapped to three loci, but only a single locus was detected in barley and rice. This explains the lack of observed mutants in maize while a single locus anthocyanin-less 30 (ant30), with four alleles ant30-245, ant30-310, ant30-272 and ant30-287 has been described in barley. Based on biochemical analysis it has been suggested that these mutants are in the Cfi gene resulting in absence of anthocyanin. In order to provide molecular evidence for or against this hypothesis we sequenced the four ant30 alleles and compared them to their respective wild-type alleles. The three sodium azide induced mutants ant30-245, ant30-272 and ant30-287 showed single base changes resulting in two non-sense and one mis-sense mutations affecting the protein function. The 1-nitroso-5,6-dihydrouracil induced mutant ant30-310 had one base substitution and a 25 bp deletion. These observations are in accordance with the conclusion that the ant30 phenotype is caused by mutations in the Cfi gene. The nature of the mutants induced is in line with the proposed mechanism of action for the mutagens used. 相似文献
95.
Han F. Clancy J.A. Jones B.L. Wesenberg D.M. Kleinhofs A. Ullrich S.E. 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2004,14(3):339-347
Malting and brewing are major uses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) worldwide, utilizing 30–40% of the crop each year. A set of complex traits determines the quality of malted barley and its subsequent use for beer. Molecular genetics technology has increased our understanding of genetic control of the many malting and brewing quality traits, most of which are quantitatively inherited. The objective of this study was to further dissect and evaluate a known major malting quality quantitative trait locus (QTL) region of about 28 cM on chromosome 1 (7H). Molecular marker-assisted backcrossing was used to develop 39 isolines originating from a Steptoe / Morex cross. Morex, a 6–row malting type, was the donor parent and Steptoe, a 6–row feed type, was the recurrent parent. The isolines and parents were grown in four environments, and the grain was micro-malted and analyzed for malting quality traits. The effect of each Morex chromosome segment in the QTL target region was determined by composite interval mapping (CIM) and confirmed and refined by multiple interval mapping (MIM). One QTL was resolved for malt extract content, and two QTLs each were resolved for -amylase activity, diastatic power, and malt -glucan content. One additional putative malt extract QTL was detected at the plus border of the target region by CIM, but not confirmed by MIM. All QTLs were resolved to intervals of 2.0 to 6.4 cM by CIM, and to intervals of 2.0 cM or less by MIM. These results should facilitate marker-assisted selection in breeding improved malting barley cultivars. 相似文献
96.
97.
T. Toojinda L. H. Broers X. M. Chen P. M. Hayes A. Kleinhofs J. Korte D. Kudrna H. Leung R. F. Line W. Powell L. Ramsay H. Vivar R. Waugh 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,101(4):580-589
Stripe rust, leaf rust, and Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) are important diseases of barley (Hordeum vulgare L). Using 94 doubled-haploid lines (DH) from the cross of Shyri x Galena, multiple disease phenotype datasets, and a 99-marker
linkage map, we determined the number, genome location, and effects of genes conferring resistance to these diseases. We also
mapped Resistance Gene Analog Polymorphism (RGAP) loci, based on degenerate motifs of cloned disease resistance genes, in
the same population. Leaf rust resistance was determined by a single gene on chromosome 1 (7H). QTLs on chromosomes 2 (2H),
3 (3H), 5 (1H), and 6 (6H) were the principal determinants of resistance to stripe rust. Two- locus QTL interactions were
significant determinants of resistance to this disease. Resistance to the MAV and PAV serotypes of BYDV was determined by
coincident QTLs on chromosomes 1 (7H), 4 (4H), and 5 (1H). QTL interactions were not significant for BYDV resistance. The
associations of molecular markers with qualitative and quantitative disease resistance loci will be a useful information for
marker-assisted selection.
Received: 2 February 1999 / Accepted: 30 December 1999 相似文献
98.
Salmonella typhimurium TA1530 and G46 strains growing in minimal medium supplemented with sodium azide produce a stable mutagenic metabolite which is not azide. The production of this metabolite is restricted to the log phase of bacteria grown in the presence of azide. The metabolite is highly mutagenic in DNA-repair defective base-substitution strains TA1530 and TA1535, but ineffective in frameshift strains TA1538 and TA1537. The metabolite induces mutations in resting cells of the TA1530 strain. 相似文献
99.
Azide (10?3 M, solution buffered at pH 3) is more effective in inducing mutations in embryonic shoots of seeds germinated between 8 and 16 h than in non-germinated seeds and in seeds germinated between 0 and 8 h and 16 to 28 h. This peak of chlorophyll-deficient seedling mutation frequency coincides with maximum frequencies of seedling lethals and DNA replication in the cells of the embryonic shoot. The mutation data suggest azide may only act on replicating DNA.Azide induced no chromosome-aberration frequencies significantly above controls in (1) embryonic shoots of barley seeds germinated for 8–12 h, (2) microsores of barley and (3) human leukocytes. It appears to be a point-mutation mutagen. 相似文献
100.
Barley seedling nitrate reductase was stabilized in vitro without the use of extraneous protein by optimizing the buffer components. The extraction buffer (NRT 8.5) consists of 0.25 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.5, 3 mM DTT, 5 μM FAD, 1 μ M sodium molybdate and 1 mM EDTA. This buffer stabilizes the extracted nitrate reductase at O° and 30°, whereas the addition of extraneous protein to standard extraction buffers stabilizes the enzyme only at 0°. 相似文献