Karanja (Milletia pinnata (L.) Panigrahi): a tropical tree with varied applications

Phytochemistry Reviews - Milletia pinnata, popularly known as Karanja, is a perennial tropical tree indigenous to India, South-Eastern Asia, and Australia. This highly favored oilseed plant...     

Preclinical Formulations: Insight,Strategies, and Practical Considerations

A lot of resources and efforts have been directed to synthesizing potentially useful new chemical entities (NCEs) by pharmaceutical scientists globally. Detailed physicochemical characterization of NCEs in an industrial setup begins almost simultaneously with preclinical testing. Most NCEs possess poor water solubility posing bioavailability issues during initial preclinical screening, sometimes resulting in dropping out of an NCE with promising therapeutic activity. Selection of right formulation approach for an NCE, based on its physicochemical properties, can aid in improving its solubility-related absorption and bioavailability issues. The review focuses on preclinical formulations stressing upon different preclinical formulation strategies and deciphers the understanding of formulation approaches that could be employed. It also provides detailed information related to a vast pool of excipients available today, which is of immense help in designing preclinical formulations. Few examples mentioned, throw light on key aspects of preclinical formulation development. The review will serve as an important guide for selecting the right strategy to improve bioavailability of NCEs for academic as well as industrial formulation scientists.     

Do natural autoantibodies play an important role in the elimination of senescent or damaged red blood cells?

Natural autoantibodies (NAAbs) are an important constituent of circulating immunoglobins. Some demonstrate polyspecific reactivity and high idiotypic connectivity. For example, they are reactive with DNA and cytoskeleton protein; others exhibit restricted binding specificity. Among several hypotheses, we have explored the possibility that NAAbs constitute a physiologic system in the organism that participates in the elimination of dead tissues and cellular debris by opsonization and phagocytosis.     

Effect of abscisic acid and proline on <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> flowering in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vigna aconitifolia</Emphasis>

An experiment was taken up to find out possibilities of manipulating the in vitro flowering in moth bean. Abscisic acid (ABA) and proline both alone and in combination influenced days to flower induction, number of flowers per plant, number of pods per plant and seeds per pod. Frequency of flowering plants approached 100 % at 1 and 3 μM ABA and 800 μM proline. The range of flowering period (3 to 23.6 d) has also been influenced by various treatments.     

Copper and Selenium stimulates CYP19A1 expression in caprine ovarian granulosa cells: possible involvement of AKT and WNT signalling pathways

Molecular Biology Reports - The role of copper and selenium on activation of estradiol synthesis pathways viz. PKA/AKT/WNT is not clearly elucidated. On this background we attempt to elcuiated the...