Isolation of Expressed Sequences Encoded by the Human Xq Terminal Portion Using Microclone Probes Generated by Laser Microdissection

The genes that cause a variety of neurologic and neuromuscular disorders have been mapped to the distal region of Xq. In an effort to isolate genes from this area, a regional genomic library of the distal 30% of Xq was constructed from a single metaphase spread by means of laser microdissection and single unique primer-polymerase chain reaction. Using pooled probes of 1000 clones from the genomic library, human brain cDNA libraries were screened for expressed sequences encoded by this region. From the 250,000 cDNA clones screened so far, 10 nonoverlapping sequences that mapped back to the target portion were isolated. The complete nucleotide sequences of these cDNA clones have been determined. Analysis of the sequences indicates that none has significant similarity to previously characterized primate genes. One sequence mapping to Xq27.3-qter contained an open reading frame of 281 amino acids and was expressed in every tissue tested. This gene, as well as others isolated in this manner, may prove to be a candidate gene for heritable disorders mapping to this region.     

Weak antioxidant defenses make the heart a target for damage in copper-deficient rats

Copper deficiency causes more salient pathologic changes in the heart than in the liver of rats. Although oxidative stress has been implicated in copper deficiency-induced pathogenesis, little is known about the selective toxicity to the heart. Therefore, we examined the relationship between the severity of copper deficiency-induced oxidative damage and the capacity of antioxidant defense in heart and liver to investigate a possible mechanism for the selective cardiotoxicity. Weanling rats were fed a purified diet deficient in copper (0.4 μg/g diet) or one containing adequate copper (6.0 μg/g diet) for 4 weeks. Copper deficiency induced a 2-fold increase in lipid peroxidation in the heart (thiobarbituric assay) but did not alter peroxidation in the liver. The antioxidant enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were, respectively, 3-, 50- and 1.5-fold lower in the heart than in the liver, although these enzymatic activities were depressed in both organs by copper deficiency. In addition, the activity of glutathione reductase was 4 times lower in the heart than in the liver. The data suggest that a weak antioxidant defense system in the heart is responsible for the relatively high degree of oxidative damage in copper-deficient hearts.     

Morphometric analysis of the genusHemerocallis L. (Liliaceae) in Korea

To better understand the patterns of variability and distributions ofHemerocallis in Korea, 53 locations were visited and measurements of 19 morphological and phenological characters were taken on plants directly from their natural habitats. For morphometric analysis, 10 plants from each of 34 populations and five herbarium specimens ofH. middendorffii were used and the data from 12 quantitative characters was analyzed using univariate analysis. Except the littoral populations of Cheju, Hong, Taehuksan, and Sohuksan Islands (H. hongdoensis M. Chung & S. Kang), three peninsular KoreanHemerocallis species can be recognized mainly in South Korea:H. hakuunensis Nakai (=H. micrantha Nakai, growing on southern, central, and northwestern Korea);H. thunbergii Baker (=H. coreana Nakai, found on southeastern and central Korea); andH. middendorffii Tr. et Mey. (central and northeastern Korea). Morphological and phenological features contributing to recognition of the three groups were; color of perianth, shape of roots, shape of inflorescence, flowering time, odor, length of inflorescence, width of the lowest bracts, length of perianth tube enclosing a ovary, width of the inner perianth lobes. Natural hybridization seems to be rare in KoreanHemerocallis. It appears that the KoreanHemerocallis species are relatively well characterized by their distribution patterns, phenology, and habitats compared with the JapaneseHemerocallis species.     

菜用香椿良种选育性状的模糊综合评判

采用模糊数学方法对菜用香棒１６个不同种源的无性系从形态、颜色、香气、抗病性四个方面进行了综合评判,筛选出了接近选育目标的５个菜用优良无性系。     

宋内氏痢疾菌侵袭相关基因的克隆与表达

用粘粒PJB8为载体,构建了宋内氏痢疾菌I相大质粒基因库。用菌落原位杂交,Western blot方法从文库中筛选到1株表达IpaA,B,C,D 4种蛋白的重组子。经重组质粒酶切和Southern blot等方法对宋内氏菌和福氏2a痢疾菌的侵袭相关基因片段作了初步比较分析。     

小麦条锈菌主要结构中糖基种类的细胞化学定位研究

用8种植物凝集素探针对小麦条锈菌主要结构中的糖基种类进行了细胞化学定位。电镜观察结果表明在菌丝和吸器母细胞壁中存在有α-葡萄糖或α-甘露糖、乙酰胺基葡萄糖、α-半乳糖、α-乙酰半乳糖、岩藻糖和β-连结的糖基,而隔膜中仅含α-葡萄糖或甘露糖和乙酰胺基葡萄糖基;在吸器颈壁中分布有α-葡萄糖或α-甘露糖;尽管吸器体壁中仅含乙酰胺基葡萄糖,而在吸器外间质中存在有半乳糖,乙酰半乳糖,α-葡萄糖或甘露糖等糖基。以上结果表明不同结构所含糖基种类并非一致。     

α（1→4）连接的半乳糖醛酸构象的量子化学研究

本文采用量子化学ＳＣＦ－ＭＯ－ＬＣＡＯ半经验方法,对二聚半乳糖醛酸的构象从理论上进行了研究。在势能面上存在多个构象区域稳定点,最稳定的构象形式在Φ＝６０．０°,ψ＝－１２０．０°位置。从量子化学的前线分子轨道、电荷布后以及双中心作用能分析探讨了稳定构象与水解易于发生的可能构象间的联系。为生物化学研究提供了必要的信息。     

人白细胞介素－3在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

人白细胞介素－３（ｈｕｍａｎＩｎｔｅｒｌｅｕｋｉｎ３,ｈＩＬ－３）是一种造血前体细胞早期分化的关键调节因子。用ＰＣＲ方法从人Ｔ淋巴细胞ｃＤＮＡ文库中扩增出０．４４ｋｂ的ＤＮＡ片段,并克隆入ｐＵＣ１９载体中。经ＤＮＡ序列测定,确定０．４４ｋｂ的ＰＣＲ产物合完整的编码人白细胞介素－３成熟蛋白ｃＤＮＡ序列,并在信号肽与成熟蛋白编码序列之间通过突变引入了限制性内切酶位点和ＡＴＧ起始密码。构建的ＰＬ启动子控制下的ｈＩＬ－３ｃＤＮＡ表达质粒,转入大肠杆菌Ｔａｐ１０６,经４２℃热诱导,获得ｈＩＬ－３的表达产物。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳显示表达产物为１５ｋｄ,约占细菌总蛋白的１５％。表达产物经ＥＬＩＳＡ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔ验证。ｈＩＬ－３表达产物在细胞内形成包涵体,纯化包涵体,使产物纯度提高到７０．８％,产物复性后,能明显促进ｈＩＬ－３依赖细胞株生长,具有明显的生物活性。产物转移到ＰＶＤＦ膜后进行Ｎ端序列分析,Ｎ端１６个氨基酸正确。     

Dynamic heat and moisture transfer through multiple clothing layers

1. 1. The purposes of this study are to find out the arrangement effects on the vapor pressure gradient across the cotton–nylon double layer and to elucidate changes in the vapor pressure gradient when an additional third layer covers the double layer.

2. 2. Model tests for single, double and triple layer system and wear test for triple layer clothing were conducted.

3. 3. It was found that up to the second layer, dryness of innermost microclimate could be maintained when cotton faced the skin (C/N).

4. 4. However, when more permeable and hydrophobic third layer (UWF) covers the double layer, the microclimate of C/N is no longer drier than N/C.

5. 5. When nylon is exposed to the skin, a larger drop in vapor pressure across the first two layers occurred for both model and wear test.

6. 6. The innermost microclimate was not necessarily kept dry when the outermost layer dissipated more moisture due to the inefficient distribution of moisture.