浅谈生物学实验教学改革策略

生物学实验教学具有重要地位和意义,针对当前实验教学存在问题,应从理念和实践两个层面采取有效策略来改革生物实验教学。如践行生物新课程实验标准,变验证性实验为探究性实验,着力培养学生创造性思维,重视实验课软硬件的建设与提升等。     

基于云班课的研究生医学分子生物学文献阅读与讨论教学模式的整合与评价

研究生教育注重培养学生的科学研究和创新能力.文献阅读与讨论(literature reading and discussion,LRD)对研究生创新思维和批判性思维的培养发挥积极的作用.然而,在传统的分子生物学课堂上,如何有效地实施大规模的集体LRD是一个巨大的挑战.云班课是一款专门针对教学而设计的免费移动教学APP,...     

不同细菌对家蝇幼虫抗菌蛋白/肽的诱导效应

利用抑菌圈测量法和毛细管电泳研究、比较不同细菌对家蝇Musca domesticaL.幼虫抗菌蛋白/肽的诱导效应。结果表明,家蝇幼虫受细菌诱导后抗菌活性比对照都有不同程度的增加,同时不同细菌诱导表达样品对于相应的诱导菌均表现很高的抗菌活性。毛细管电泳图谱表明鼠伤寒沙门氏菌Salmonella typhimurium50013诱导后抗菌蛋白/肽表达强度增加了50倍,其它细菌诱导后抗菌蛋白/肽表达强度增加了1～40倍。与G+细菌相比,G-细菌具有更强的诱导效应。结论:家蝇幼虫对不同的细菌刺激有特异性反应,即不同细菌诱导抗菌蛋白/肽的强度、种类和数量都不一致。     

Compression or tension? The stress distribution in the proximal femur

Background  

Questions regarding the distribution of stress in the proximal human femur have never been adequately resolved. Traditionally, by considering the femur in isolation, it has been believed that the effect of body weight on the projecting neck and head places the superior aspect of the neck in tension. A minority view has proposed that this region is in compression because of muscular forces pulling the femur into the pelvis. Little has been done to study stress distributions in the proximal femur. We hypothesise that under physiological loading the majority of the proximal femur is in compression and that the internal trabecular structure functions as an arch, transferring compressive stresses to the femoral shaft.     

河南省绿盲蝽秋季迁移的铷标记研究

利用铷(Rb)标记方法对秋季绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum(Meyer-Dür)迁移现象及其寄主种类进行了研究。铷标记回捕试验证明了秋季绿盲蝽由棉田转移到杂草上取食。在河南绿盲蝽一周内可迁移到2 560 m(试验最远回捕距离)。秋季由棉田迁出的绿盲蝽主要集中在艾蒿和葎草上取食。对这2种主要寄主植物作为绿盲蝽越冬寄主的可能性进行了讨论。     

不同光质对烟草叶片组织结构及Rubisco羧化酶活性和rbc、rca基因表达的影响

通过对烟草植株覆盖白、红、黄、蓝、紫色滤膜获得不同光质,研究了烟草叶片在7～70d的生长发育期内,不同光质处理对烟叶组织结构特征、核酮糖1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶（Rubisco）羧化酶活性、Rubisco基因（rbc）表达及其活化酶（Rca）基因（rca）表达的影响。结果表明,与黄膜处理下生长的烟叶相比,红、蓝、紫膜处理下生长的烟叶有较高的叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅栏细胞密度和较小的组织空隙率。此外,红、蓝、紫膜处理的叶片有较高的Rubis-co羧化酶活性和净光合速率及较强的rbc和rca基因表达。实验结果表明不同光质对烟草叶片的组织结构特征有显著影响,光质可能通过影响Rubisco羧化酶活性进而影响叶片光合效率,而光质、叶片组织结构和光合效率之间存在某种程度的相互联系。     

A spatial analytical approach for selecting reintroduction sites for burbot in English rivers

1. Availability of suitable habitat is a prerequisite for species reintroduction success, and to ensure population persistence, investigations of a species’ habitat utilisation throughout its life history should be conducted as part of a feasibility study. 2. Habitat utilisation models for burbot, Lota lota, developed using data from field studies conducted in France and Germany and information from the literature were used to assess the feasibility of reintroducing burbot into rivers of its former native range in eastern England. 3. Per cent tree roots, aquatic vegetation and flow types were important predictors of adult burbot abundance. Furthermore, the habitat utilisation models were supplemented with information from the literature, which suggested that off‐channel habitat such as wetlands and backwaters is important for spawning and nursery stages. 4. An assessment of the habitat availability in the rivers of the burbot’s former native range using variables related to spawning and nursery and adult life stages showed that although adult habitat was widely distributed, the availability of spawning and nursery habitat was less abundant, potentially limiting successful reestablishment. 5. Potential suitable habitat was concentrated in the central and southern areas of the species’ former English distribution. Overall, rivers of the burbot’s former range potentially afford suitable habitat to sustain a reintroduced population. However, sites should be preferentially selected on the basis of having appropriate spawning and nursery areas.     

基于稀疏表示算法的蛋白质质谱数据特征选择

高维、小样本数据的特征选择方法在蛋白质质谱数据处理分析领域有着广泛应用。本文针对蛋白质质谱特征选择问题,结合稀疏表示这一新理论框架,提出了一种基于稀疏表示的特征选择算法(sparse representation based feature selection,SRFS)。该方法将稀疏表示分类的结果作为评定某一个特征子空间特征相对重要性的度量,然后通过对大量随机采样子空间计算结果的统计,得到特征空间中每个特征的排序,并进一步分析提炼出与肿瘤疾病相关的若干谱峰。通过在卵巢癌公共数据集OC-WCX2a和浙江省肿瘤医院乳腺癌数据集BC-WCX2a上的实验结果表明,SRFS算法可以有效应用于本文所使用的SELDI-TOF蛋白质质谱数据的分析。     

江西吉安灰头麦鸡的繁殖生态研究

灰头麦鸡Vanellus cinereus在江西吉安地区是夏候鸟.2010 ～2011年对当地灰头麦鸡的繁殖生态进行了调查研究.结果表明,当地灰头麦鸡最早2月20日迁入,最晚9月17日迁离,居留时间约为7个月;3月初开始产卵,平均窝卵数3.8枚(n=14),平均卵大小48.0 mm×34.5 mm,平均卵重28.8 g(n =38);产满窝卵后即开始孵卵,孵卵由雌雄鸟共同承担;孵卵期为28 ～31 d;孵化率为90.15％.     

Identification of xylanase-producing fungi EIM-30 and its optimization of submerged fermentation conditions

通过对木聚糖酶高产菌株EIM-30基于形态学和18S rDNA序列的系统发育进化分析,鉴定为里氏木霉Trichoderma reesei.在单因子实验确定EIM-30产木聚糖酶的最适碳源和氮源的基础上,通过Plackett-Burman实验对影响其产酶的相关因素进行评估并筛选出3个显著效应因子,然后应用最陡爬坡实验和响应面分析确定最适产酶培养基配方为:酵母浸膏1.50％,蛋白胨1.00％,NaCl 0.50％,PPG-2000 0.10％,MgSO4 1.20％,CaCl2 0.18％,(NH4)2 SO4 0.45％,甘油4.18％,乳糖3.05％,K2HPO41.59％.优化后Trichoderma reesei EIM-30的液体发酵产木聚糖酶的活力可达9.857×105 U/mL,较优化前提高1.98倍.