会仙岩溶湿地4种覆被下土壤酶活性和微生物生物量

研究湿地系统中的稻田被撂荒以后土壤酶活性和微生物生物量的变化可以为湿地的保护提供参考依据。以桂林会仙岩溶湿地为研究样地,采集芦苇湿地、华科拉莎草湿地、稻田撂荒地（以双穗雀稗和莲子草为优势植被）和稻田的耕层土壤样品,采用比色法和氯仿熏蒸法分别检测土壤酶活性和微生物生物量。结果表明,稻田撂荒地的土壤微生物生物量碳（MBC）为（345.20±30.06） mg/kg,显著低于其它三种覆被下的土壤;微生物生物量氮（MBN）、微生物DNA、蔗糖酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性分别为（48.03±18.48） mg/kg、（5.65±1.48）μg/kg、（19.16±1.43） mg g^-1（24h）^-1和（2.20±0.94） mg g^-1（24h）^-1,均显著低于稻田,而与两种天然湿地没有显著差异。主成分分析表明,稻田撂荒地能与稻田明显分开,而与其它两种覆被土壤有所交叉。统计分析表明,MBC和碱性磷酸酶活性均与pH呈显著正相关关系（P<0.05）;MBN、蔗糖酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性均与土壤总有机碳（SOC）呈显著的正相关关系（P<0.05）;土壤微生物DNA与SOC、总氮（TN）和碱解氮（AN）均呈显著正相关关系（P<0.01）,与Mg²⁺呈显著正相关关系（P<0.05）。以上研究结果表明,会仙湿地中的稻田在撂荒以后,土壤微生物生物量和两种土壤酶活性显著降低,影响微生物生物量和土壤酶活性变化的主要因素是pH、SOC、TN、AN和Mg²⁺。因此,建议在稻田撂荒地上重新种植水稻,以加快会仙岩溶湿地的恢复过程。     

Proteiniclasticum sediminis sp. nov., an obligate anaerobic bacterium isolated from anaerobic sludge

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - An obligate anaerobic bacterial BAD-10&nbsp;T was isolated from anaerobic acetochlor-degrading sludge. The strain was Gram-stain negative, curved rod-shaped,...     

A Multicenter Study of Viral Aetiology of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Children in Chinese Mainland

Virologica Sinica - Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. In this study, we aimed to describe the aetiology of viral...     

A chloride efflux transporter,BIG RICE GRAIN 1, is involved in mediating grain size and salt tolerance in rice

Grain size is determined by the size and number of cells in the grain. The regulation of grain size is crucial for improving crop yield; however, the genes and molecular mechanisms that control grain size remain elusive. Here, we report that a member of the detoxification efflux carrier /Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (DTX/MATE) family transporters, BIG RICE GRAIN 1 (BIRG1), negatively influences grain size in rice (Oryza sativa L.). BIRG1 is highly expressed in reproductive organs and roots. In birg1 grain, the outer parenchyma layer cells of spikelet hulls are larger than in wild-type (WT) grains, but the cell number is unaltered. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, BIRG1 exhibits chloride efflux activity. Consistent with this role of BIRG1, the birg1 mutant shows reduced tolerance to salt stress at a toxic chloride level. Moreover, grains from birg1 plants contain a higher level of chloride than those of WT plants when grown under normal paddy field conditions, and the roots of birg1 accumulate more chloride than those of WT under saline conditions. Collectively, the data suggest that BIRG1 in rice functions as a chloride efflux transporter that is involved in mediating grain size and salt tolerance by controlling chloride homeostasis.     

Differences between species in seed bank and vegetation helps to hold functional diversity in a floodable Neotropical savanna

种子库和植被物种之间的差异有助于保持新热带稀树草原的功能多样性 本研究的目的是量化种子库和建立的植被对物种组成、功能组成和多样性的贡献,并讨论这些差异对冲积平原植物群落更新和稳定性的影响。我们在巴西潘塔纳尔湿地的一个周期性洪水泛滥的稀树大草原上,在旱季和雨季对分布在5个地点的25个地块(10 m × 1 m)的1.5 m高度的地面覆盖植被和种子库进行了采样。采用出苗法对土壤种子库进行了评价。研究结果表明,种子库物种具有赋予群落更新的特征,而植被则具有稳定性特征。种子库的功能丰富度高于植被,而功能均匀度则低于植被。由于种子库和植被的植物特征不同,使得具有不同功能稳定性和更新特性的物种得以共存,这将有助于维持植物的功能多样性。这可能会让植物种群在应对干旱、火灾和洪水等不同的环境选择时更具有弹性。     

Secondary Structural Transformation of Bovine Lactoferricin Affects Its Antibacterial Activity

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - Lactoferricin (Lfcin) is a potent antibacterial peptide derived from lactoferrin by pepsin hydrolysis. It was hypothesized that structural transformation of...     

A C6/C5 co‐fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with the alleviation of antagonism between xylose utilization and robustness

During second‐generation bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass, the desired traits for fermenting microorganisms, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are high xylose utilization and high robustness to inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. However, as observed previously, these two traits easily showed the antagonism, one rising and the other falling, in the C6/C5 co‐fermenting S. cerevisiae strain. In this study, LF1 obtained in our previous study is an engineered budding yeast strain with a superior co‐fermentation capacity of glucose and xylose, and was then mutated by atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis to improve its robustness. The ARTP‐treated cells were grown in 50% (v/v) leachate from lignocellulose pretreatment with high inhibitors content for adaptive evolution. After 30 days, the generated mutant LF1‐6 showed significantly enhanced tolerance, with a six‐fold increase in cell density in the above leachate. Unfortunately, its xylose utilization dropped markedly, indicating the recurrence of the negative correlation between xylose utilization and robustness. To alleviate this antagonism, LF1‐6 cells were iteratively mutated with ARTP mutagenesis and then anaerobically grown using xylose as the sole carbon source, and xylose utilization was restored in the resulting strain 6M‐15. 6M‐15 also exhibited increased co‐fermentation performance of xylose and glucose with the highest ethanol productivity reported to date (0.525 g g^?1 h^?1) in high‐level mixed sugars (80 g L^?1 glucose and 40 g L^?1 xylose) with no inhibitors. Meanwhile, its fermentation time was shortened by 8 h compared to that of LF1. During the fermentation of non‐detoxified lignocellulosic hydrolysate with high inhibitor concentrations at pH ~3.5, 6M‐15 can efficiently convert glucose and xylose with an ethanol yield of 0.43 g g^?1. 6M‐15 is also regarded as a potential chassis cell for further design of a customized strain suitable for production of second‐generation bioethanol or other high value‐added products from lignocellulosic biomass.     

A review of the botany,traditional uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of Nepeta tenuifolia Briq.

Phytochemistry Reviews - Nepeta tenuifolia (N. tenuifolia) is a common aromatic herb that is widespread in East Asia. The aerial parts and spikes can be used as the traditional phytomedicines for...