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81.
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the effects of adenovirus and influenza virus infections on obesity in various experimental models. We reviewed studies that were conducted within the past 10 years and were related to virus infection and obesity prevalence. Here, we discuss a different causal relationship between adenovirus and influenza infections with obesity. Adenovirus infection can cause obesity, whereas obesity can be a risk factor for increasing influenza virus infection and increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of obesity due to adenovirus infections may be due to an increase in glucose uptake and reduction in lipolysis caused by an increase in corticosterone secretion. Adenovirus infections may lead to increases in appetite by decreasing norepinephrine and leptin levels and also cause immune dysfunction. The relationship between obesity and influenza virus infection could be summarized by the following features: decreases in memory T-cell functionality and interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ mRNA expression, increases in viral titer and infiltration, and impaired dendritic cell function in obese individuals. Moreover, leptin resistance may play an important role in increasing influenza virus infections in obese individuals. In conclusion, prevention of adenovirus infections could be a good approach for reducing obesity prevalence, and prevention of obesity could reduce influenza virus infections from the point of view of viral infections and obesity. 相似文献
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J Chae M J Kim J H Goo S Collier D Gubb J Charlton P N Adler W J Park 《Development (Cambridge, England)》1999,126(23):5421-5429
The tissue polarity genes control the polarity of hairs, bristles and ommatidia in the adult epidermis of Drosophila. We report here the identification of a new tissue polarity gene named starry night (stan). Mutations in this essential gene alter the polarity of cuticular structures in all regions of the adult body. The detailed polarity phenotype of stan on the wing suggested that it is most likely a component of the frizzled (fz) pathway. Consistent with this hypothesis, stan appears to be downstream of and required for fz function. We molecularly cloned stan and found that it encodes a huge protocadherin containing nine cadherin motifs, four EGF-like motifs, two laminin G motifs, and seven transmembrane domains. This suggests that Stan functions in signal reception, perhaps together with Fz. 相似文献
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Ryan K. Cheu Andrew T. Gustin Christina Lee Luca Schifanella Charlene J. Miller Avie Ha Casey Kim Violeta J. Rodriguez Margaret Fischl Adam D. Burgener Kelly B. Arnold Maria L. Alcaide Nichole R. Klatt 《PLoS pathogens》2020,16(12)
Despite the efficacy of antiretroviral-based pre-exposure prophylactics (PrEP) in men who have sex with men, studies in women have produced widely varying outcomes. Recent evidence demonstrates that vaginal microbial communities are associated with increased HIV acquisition risk and may impact PrEP efficacy. Here, we investigate the mechanisms underlying how vaginal bacteria alter PrEP drug levels and impact HIV infection rates ex vivo. Using cervicovaginal lavages (CVLs) from women with or without bacterial vaginosis (BV), we identified microbial metabolism of PrEP drugs in BV samples through LC-MS/MS analysis of soluble drug levels and metabolite formation in dual T-cell cultures. CVL samples were assessed for microbiome analysis using sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. We also observed non-Lactobacillus bacteria that are associated with BV may potentially impact PrEP efficacy through increased HIV infection rates in co-cultures containing Lactobacillus or BV bacteria, PrEP drugs, CEM-GFP cells, and HIV-1LAI virus. Finally, we used these data to develop a novel predictive mathematical simulation modeling system to predict these drug interactions for future trials. These studies demonstrate how dysbiotic vaginal microbiota may impact PrEP drugs and provides evidence linking vaginal bacteria to PrEP efficacy in women. 相似文献
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Yan-Hong He Guo-Gui Ning Ya-Lin Sun Yan Hu Xing-Yu Zhao Man-Zhu Bao 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2010,26(1):19-29
A male sterile line was isolated in marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) and cytological analysis determined this to be a novel genic male sterility trait (Tems). Through the use of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and bulked segregant analysis (BSA), tightly linked
markers of Tems were identified with a view towards a map-based cloning strategy. It was found that spontaneous homeotic conversion of floral
organs was the underlying cause of the male sterility in this marigold line. Thus, petals of male sterile plants resembled
sepal-like structures and the stamens were partially converted to styles, although without the full characteristics or function
of the true style organs. We have constructed a fine marker-based map for the Tems gene. This is intended to provide a tool for marker assisted selection (MAS) strategies in hybrid breeding and map-based
cloning strategies for the male sterility locus. We discuss the significance of this spontaneously derived genic male sterility
trait relating to the homeotic conversion of floral organs in marigold. 相似文献
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Two new beta-xylosyl derivatives of ginsenoside Re, 20(S)-protopanaxatriol 6-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol 6-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, were respectively synthesized from p-nitrophenyl beta-D-xylopyranoside and phenyl beta-D-xylopyranoside as donors and ginsenoside Re as the acceptor in 25% acetone and acetonitrile by a cellulase preparation from Trichoderma viride and a beta-galactosidase preparation from Aspergillus oryzae. The latter enzyme preparation also catalyzed the hydrolysis of ginsenoside Re to the minor saponin, ginsenoside Rg2. 相似文献
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