全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1707篇 |
免费 | 166篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 12篇 |
2021年 | 66篇 |
2020年 | 30篇 |
2019年 | 28篇 |
2018年 | 34篇 |
2017年 | 22篇 |
2016年 | 49篇 |
2015年 | 69篇 |
2014年 | 75篇 |
2013年 | 88篇 |
2012年 | 120篇 |
2011年 | 107篇 |
2010年 | 68篇 |
2009年 | 61篇 |
2008年 | 79篇 |
2007年 | 81篇 |
2006年 | 48篇 |
2005年 | 60篇 |
2004年 | 44篇 |
2003年 | 54篇 |
2002年 | 41篇 |
2001年 | 37篇 |
2000年 | 47篇 |
1999年 | 51篇 |
1998年 | 27篇 |
1997年 | 34篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 23篇 |
1994年 | 21篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 19篇 |
1991年 | 20篇 |
1990年 | 26篇 |
1989年 | 25篇 |
1988年 | 19篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 21篇 |
1983年 | 20篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 14篇 |
1976年 | 14篇 |
1975年 | 11篇 |
1974年 | 16篇 |
1973年 | 9篇 |
1972年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有1877条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
12.
Gerard H. Markx Christopher L. Davey Douglas B. Kell Phillip Morris 《Journal of biotechnology》1991,20(3):279-290
A novel technique is described for the measurement of the volume fraction of biomass in a suspension by the simultaneous measurement of the conductivity of a suspension containing cells and of the medium in which the cells are suspended. The presence of non-conducting particulate matter in a suspension will cause the conductivity of a suspension to be decreased relative to that of the medium in which the particles are suspended. A simple equation (the Bruggeman equation) describes the relationship between the volume fraction of non-conducting particulate matter and the decrease in conductivity. The accuracy of this method for the determination of the biomass concentration of plant cells (Festuca arundinacea) in culture was shown. The method was successfully applied to the on-line determination of biomass concentrations during the growth of F. arundinacea cultures, and gave good agreement with biomass levels as determined from measurements of the radio-frequency dielectric permittivity of such cultures. 相似文献
13.
Larry R. Hilburn Ronald B. Davey John E. George J. Mathews Pound 《Experimental & applied acarology》1991,11(1):23-36
WhenBoophilus microplus and Type-II hybrids (B. microplus females×B. annulatus males) were released simultaneously onto bovine hosts, mating between the two forms appeared not to be at random. There were more contypic and fewer intertypic matings than predicted under an assumption of panmixia. An examination of the patterns of matings revealed that more of the matings on the first two days of detachment were between the two sexes ofB. microplus. Engorged females dropping on the last four days of maximum female detachment were predominantly hybrids mated to bothB. microplus and hybrid males. The non-random mating pattern does not appear to be caused by assortative mating betweenB. microplus and Type-II hybrids, but because theB. microplus were competnet to mate two days before the hybrids and theB. microplus males compete for mates of both types better than the Type-II males. 相似文献
14.
Gibberellins (GAs) A17, A19, A20, A29, A44, 2OH-GA44 (tentative) and GA29-catabolite were identified in 21-day-old seeds of Pisum sativum cv. Alaska (tall). These GAs are qualitatively similar to those in the dwarf cultivar Progress No. 9 with the exception of GA19 which does not accumulate in Progress seeds. There was no evidence for the presence of 3-hydroxylated GAs in 21 day-old Alaska seeds. Dark-grown shoots of the cultivar Alaska contein GA1, GA8, GA20, GA29, GA8-catabolite and GA29-catabolite. Dark-grown shoots of the cultivar Progress No.9 contain GA8, GA20, GA29 and GA29-catabolite, and the presence of GA1 was strongly indicated. Quantitation using GAs labelled with stable isotope showed the level of GA1 in dark-grown shoots of the two cultivars to be almost identical, whilst the levels of GA20, GA29 and GA29-catabolite were significantly lower in Alaska than in Progress No. 9. The levels of these GAs in dark-grown shoots were 102- to 103-fold less than the levels in developing seeds. The 2-epimer of GA29 is present in dark-grown-shoot extracts of both cultivars and is not thought to be an artefact.Abbreviations cv
cultivar
- GAn
gibberellin An
- GC
gas chromatography
- GC-MS
combined gas chromatographymass spectrometry
- HPLC
high-pressure liquid chromatography
- KRI
Kovats retention index
- MeTMSi
methyl ester trimethylsilyl ether 相似文献
15.
Approximately 106 protoplast-derived cell colonies of sainfoin were stressed with streptomycin and two resistant colonies were recovered. Plants regenerated from these colonies could be recallused on streptomycin-containing medium three years after growth in the absence of the antibiotic.Ultrastructural studies showed cells of resistant callus grown in the presence of streptomycin to contain chloroplasts with internal thykaloids and grana. Such mutant plants should be useful in designing biochemical selection schemes to recover somatic hybrids and cybrids.Abbreviations BAP
6 - benzylamino purine
- NAA
- napthaleneacetic acid 相似文献
16.
Summary When suspensions of sycamore cells are cultured in a synthetic medium containing 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.25 mg/l kinetin, maximum cell yield is obtained with an initial concentration of 6 per cent sucrose. There is a progressive increase in dry weight per cell, decline in extractive-free weight as a percentage of cell dry weight and increase in lignin content per cell as the initial sucrose concentration is increased from 1 per cent to 15 per cent. The percentage of lignin in the extractive-free cell residue is further enhanced by increasing the level of 2,4-D to 10 mg/l or by growing the cells in an auxin-free medium containing 10 mg/l kinetin.When the cell suspensions are treated with phloroglucinol/HCl it is found that only a proportion of the cells contain lignin, that this lignin occurs in the protoplasts and in plates between the cells, and that lignin is present in the culture medium.Electron micrographs confirmed the absence of any secondary wall such as is characteristic of tracheary elements. Cells cultured in the presence of 6 per cent sucrose or higher levels showed numerous amyloplasts and frequently the presence of electron opaque material. This occurs in the irregular but not frequent wall thickenings, as droplets in the vacuoles and as amorphous sheets between the cells. Pictures showing such electron opaque droplets clustered on the inner face of the tonoplasts suggest that this material is formed in the cytoplasm and released into the vacuoles. In addition these cells are characterised by the presence of fine electron opaque granular material in their vacuoles and external to their protoplasts. Cultures richest in lignin showed the highest content of electron opaque globules in, and amorphous sheets between, the cells and it is suggested that these correspond to lignin or a lignin-hemicellulose complex. In the presence of 15 per cent sucrose many cells showing breakdown of organised structure were observed; they were characterised by the persistence of mitochondria and particularly of the amyloplasts and by their high content of the electron opaque material equated with lignin. This material was also present in the dead cells. 相似文献
17.
Molting in a parasitic nematode, Phocanema decipiens—VII. The mode of action of the ecdysial hormone
The cycle of aminopeptidase activity demonstrated by histochemical methods in the activated excretory gland could not be detected in homogenates. In the electron microscope, the secretory granules in dormant glands were dense and irregular in shape and the mitochondria elongate, relatively dense, and with a crenellated outer membrane. The excretory gland was activated when the neuroendocrine system was stimulated by farnesyl methyl ether. In activated glands the secretory granules became larger, less dense and the membranes began to fuse with membranes of the ductules which ramify through the gland. The mitochondria became swollen. Aminopeptidase activity was displayed by a large uniformly less dense granules but not by the denser granules, and was seen in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and in the lumen of the ducts. It is suggested that the ecdysial hormone from the neurosecretory cells sets in train a sequence of events which leads to entry of water into the gland and consequent activation of the enzyme in the granules, and to changes in the membranes of the granules which facilitate fusion with the membrane lining the ducts. 相似文献
18.
Genetic and Biophysical Study of R Plasmids Conferring Sulfonamide Resistance in Shigella Strains Isolated in 1952 and 1956 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
The conjugative plasmids determining sulfonamide resistance in five Shigella strains, each isolated from a different patient, have been characterized. One S. flexneri 2a strain, isolated in 1952, harbored an fi(+) plasmid of molecular weight 53 x 10(6), which specified synthesis of F-like pili and bore determinants for sulfonamide resistance (Su) and bacteriocinogeny (Col). This plasmid was compatible with plasmids of groups F(I), F(II), I(alpha), and P. A second S. flexneri 2a strain isolated in 1952 harbored an fi(-) plasmid of molecular weight 59 x 10(6), bearing the Su determinant and compatible with all plasmids tested. This strain also harbored an fi(+) group-F(II) plasmid of molecular weight 42 x 10(6), which bore the Col determinant and specified synthesis of F-like pili. Three S. dysenteriae 2 strains isolated in 1956 carried apparently identical fi(-) plasmids of molecular weight 58 x 10(6), which bore the Su determinant, could form transconjugants in Pseudomonas but not in Proteus, and were incompatible with the P-group plasmid RP4. 相似文献
19.
J W Huang M W Davey C J Hejna W Von Muenchhausen E Sulkowski W A Carter 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1974,249(14):4665-4667
20.