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51.
Kremastinou J Tzanakaki G Levidiotou S Markou F Themeli E Voyiatzi A Psoma E Theodoridou M Blackwell CC 《FEMS immunology and medical microbiology》2003,39(1):23-29
In response to an increase in the number of cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in northern regions of Greece, a survey was carried out to determine if there was an increase in carriage of Neisseria meningitidis, particularly in areas where there have been increases in immigrant populations from neighbouring countries. The second objective was to determine if there was an increase in the serogroup C:2a:P1.5,2 a phenotype associated with recent outbreaks or changes in antibiotic sensitivities. As carriage of Neisseria lactamica is associated with development of natural immunity to IMD, the third objective was to determine the carriage rate of N. lactamica in this population. Among 3167 individuals tested, meningococci were isolated from 334 (10.5%). Compared with our previous studies, the proportion of meningococcal carriers was significantly increased among children in secondary education (11.3%) (chi2=9.67, P<0.005) and military recruits (37.4%) (chi2=21.11, P<0.000). Only 5/334 (1.5%) isolates expressed the phenotype associated with the increase in IMD in Greece. N. lactamica was isolated from 146/3167 (4.6%) participants. It was isolated from 71/987 (7.2%) children attending primary or nursery schools; however, the highest proportion of carriers (11.3%) was found in the boarding school for young Albanian men. In the 21-59-year age range, the majority of N. lactamica isolates (22/25, 88%) were from women, probably due to closer or more prolonged contact with children in the primary school age range. Smoking was significantly associated with isolation of meningococci from men but not from women. Penicillin-insensitive strains (25/334, 7.5%) were identified in all four regions examined; the majority (14/25, 56%) were obtained from military personnel. We conclude that there was a higher proportion of carriers in the population of northern Greece; however, the increase in carriage rate was not associated with the influx of immigrants from neighbouring countries, and there was not a higher incidence of the C:2a:P1.5,2 strain responsible for increased disease activity in Greece in either the immigrant or local populations. 相似文献
52.
Cordoba E Shishkova S Vance CP Hernández G 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2003,33(6):1037-1049
Legumes acquire significant amounts of nitrogen for growth from symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The glutamine synthetase (GS)/NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT) cycle catalyzes initial nitrogen assimilation. This report describes the impact of specifically reducing nodule NADH-GOGAT activity on symbiotic performance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Four independent transgenic alfalfa lines, designated GA89, GA87, GA88, and GA82 (for GOGATantisense), containing an antisense NADH-GOGAT cDNA fragment under the control of the soybean leghemoglobin (lbc3) promoter were evaluated. The GA plants were fertile and showed normal growth in non-symbiotic conditions. The NADH-GOGAT antisense transgene was heritable and the T1 plants showed phenotypic alterations - similar to primary transformants. Clonally propagated plants were inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti after rooting and the symbiotic phenotype was analyzed 21 days post-inoculation. Nodules of each GA line had reduced NADH-GOGAT activity, ranging from 33 to 87% of control plants, that was accompanied by comparable decreases in RNA and protein. Plants from the GA89 line, with the lowest NADH-GOGAT activity (c. 30%), presented a strikingly altered symbiotic phenotype: concomitantly activities of key enzyme for carbon and nitrogen assimilation decreased; nodule amino acids and amides were reduced while sucrose accumulated. Antisense GOGAT plants were chlorotic, reduced in fresh weight, and had a lower N content than control plants. Photosynthesis was also impaired in antisense plants. Specifically, reducing NADH-GOGAT in nodules resulted in plants having impaired nitrogen assimilation and altered carbon/nitrogen metabolic flux. 相似文献
53.
Three maize root-specific genes are not correctly expressed in regenerated caps in the absence of the quiescent center 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The quiescent center is viewed as an architectural template in the root apical meristem of all angiosperm and gymnosperm
root tips. In roots of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., the quiescent center inhibits differentiation of contacting initial cells and maintains the surrounding initial
cells as stem cells. Here, the role of the quiescent center in the development of the maize (Zea mays L.) root cap has been further explored. Three maize root-specific genes were identified. Two of these were exclusively expressed
in the root cap and one of them encoded a GDP-mannose-4,6-dehydratase. Most likely these two genes are structural, tissue-specific
markers of the cap. The third gene, a putative glycine-rich cell wall protein, was expressed in the cap and in the root epidermis
and, conceivably is a positional marker of the cap. Microsurgical and molecular data indicate that the quiescent center and
cap initials may regulate the positional and structural expression of these genes in the cap and thereby control root cap
development.
Received: 22 September 1999 / Accepted: 9 November 1999 相似文献
54.
Engineering the Escherichia coli outer membrane protein OmpC for metal bioadsorption 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Norberto Cruz Sylvie Le Borgne Georgina Hernández-Chávez Guillermo Gosset Fernando Valle Francisco Bolivar 《Biotechnology letters》2000,22(7):623-629
The outer membrane protein, OmpC, from Escherichia coli was used to display metal-binding poly-histidine peptides on the surface of this bacterium. SDS-PAGE analysis of outer membrane protein preparations confirmed the expression of the metal-binding epitopes inserted in position 162 of the mature OmpC protein. Display of these epitopes was confirmed by epifluorescence microscopy of cells bound to Ni2+-NTA-agarose beads and metal adsorption experiments. The cells harboring one or two copies of the metal binding epitope were able to adsorb 3 to 6 times more Zn2+ (13.8 mol g–1 cell), Fe3+ (35.3 mol g–1 cell), and Ni2+ (9.9 mol g–1 cell) metallic ions than control cells expressing the wild-type OmpC. 相似文献
55.
56.
Nina V Chichkova Jane Shaw Raisa A Galiullina Georgina E Drury Alexander I Tuzhikov Sang Hyon Kim Markus Kalkum Teresa B Hong Elena N Gorshkova Lesley Torrance Andrey B Vartapetian Michael Taliansky 《The EMBO journal》2010,29(6):1149-1161
Caspases are cysteine‐dependent proteases and are important components of animal apoptosis. They introduce specific breaks after aspartate residues in a number of cellular proteins mediating programmed cell death (PCD). Plants encode only distant homologues of caspases, the metacaspases that are involved in PCD, but do not possess caspase‐specific proteolytic activity. Nevertheless, plants do display caspase‐like activities indicating that enzymes structurally distinct from classical caspases may operate as caspase‐like proteases. Here, we report the identification and characterisation of a novel PCD‐related subtilisin‐like protease from tobacco and rice named phytaspase (plant aspartate‐specific protease) that possesses caspase specificity distinct from that of other known caspase‐like proteases. We provide evidence that phytaspase is synthesised as a proenzyme, which is autocatalytically processed to generate the mature enzyme. Overexpression and silencing of the phytaspase gene showed that phytaspase is essential for PCD‐related responses to tobacco mosaic virus and abiotic stresses. Phytaspase is constitutively secreted into the apoplast before PCD, but unexpectedly is re‐imported into the cell during PCD providing insights into how phytaspase operates. 相似文献
57.
Namrata Singh Trang T. M. Dang Georgina V. Vergara Dev Mani Pandey Darlene Sanchez C. N. Neeraja Endang M. Septiningsih Merlyn Mendioro Evelyn Mae Tecson-Mendoza Abdelbagi M. Ismail David J. Mackill Sigrid Heuer 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2010,121(8):1441-1453
58.
Dong-Ha Oh Maheshi Dassanayake Jeffrey S. Haas Anna Kropornika Chris Wright Matilde Paino d’Urzo Hyewon Hong Shahjahan Ali Alvaro Hernandez Georgina M. Lambert Gunsu Inan David W. Galbraith Ray A. Bressan Dae-Jin Yun Jian-Kang Zhu John M. Cheeseman Hans J. Bohnert 《Plant physiology》2010,154(3):1040-1052
59.
Csaba Polgár Levente Jánváry Tibor Major András Somogyi Zoltán Takácsi-Nagy Georgina Fröhlich János Fodor 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2010,15(1):1-7
AimTo report the long-term results of high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy (BT) boost for breast cancer patients treated with conservative surgery and radiotherapy.Materials and methodsBetween 1995 and 2007, 100 early-stage breast cancer patients received an HDR BT boost after conservative surgery and whole breast irradiation. Ten patients (10%) received a single-fraction HDR boost of 8–10.35 Gy using rigid needles, while 90 (90%) were treated with a fractionated multi-catheter HDR BT boost. The latter consisted of 3 × 4 Gy (n = 19), 3 × 4.75 Gy (n = 70), and 2 × 6.4 Gy (n = 1). Breast cancer related events, cosmetic results and side effects were assessed.ResultsAt a median follow-up time of 94 months (range: 8–152) only 7 (7%) ipsilateral breast failures were observed for a 5- and 8-year actuarial rate of 4.5 and 7.0%, respectively. The 8-year disease-free, cancer-specific, and overall survival was 76.1, 82.8, and 80.4%, respectively. Cosmetic outcome was rated excellent in 17%, good in 39%, fair in 33%, and poor in 11%. Data on late radiation side effects were available for 91 patients (91%). Grade 3 fibrosis and grade 3 telangiectasia occurred in 6 (6.6%) and 2 (2.2%) patients, respectively. In univariate analysis only positive margin status had a significant negative effect on local control.ConclusionsHDR BT boost using multi-catheter implants produce excellent long-term local tumour control with acceptable cosmetic outcome and low rate of grade 3 late radiation side effects. 相似文献
60.
Genetic analysis of fluvastatin response and dyslipidemia in renal transplant recipients 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Singer JB Holdaas H Jardine AG Fellstrøm B Os I Bermann G Meyer JM;Assessment of Lescol in Renal Transplantation 《Journal of lipid research》2007,48(9):2072-2078
The Assessment of Lescol in Renal Transplantation clinical trial demonstrated the efficacy of fluvastatin in reducing cardiovascular (CV) disease in renal transplant recipients. The study included a voluntary pharmacogenetic component, enrolling 1,404 patients, which allowed association testing of baseline measures and longitudinal analysis of the 707 fluvastatin-treated and 697 placebo-treated individuals. A candidate gene approach, examining 42 polymorphisms in 18 genes, was used to test for association between selected polymorphisms and major adverse cardiac events, graft failure, change in LDL and HDL cholesterol, and baseline LDL and HDL cholesterol. Reported associations between cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and baseline HDL cholesterol were replicated, with four previously implicated single nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated in males and one in females; tests of reported associations between CETP and CV disease yielded varying results. We found no evidence for genetic factors affecting fluvastatin response. Polymorphisms in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) previously reported to affect the efficacy of pravastatin did not show a similar effect on the reduction of LDL cholesterol by fluvastatin. 相似文献