少年儿童接种乙型肝炎血源疫苗的效果评价

5～15岁的HBV易感儿童,按0、1、6月程序接种10μg×3乙型肝炎血源疫苗(北京生研所批号8615-1A、8722-2)。接种后1～2年他们的抗-HBs阳转率为～92％,无一例HBsAg阳转;未接种疫苗的对照组儿童,抗-HBs阳转率仅2.08％～2.60％,HBsAg阳转率分别为3.23％和2.08％。流行病学保护效果良好。易感少年儿童接种乙型肝炎血源疫苗将加快控制乙型肝炎的进程。     

急性菌痢肠菌群变化及双歧杆菌活菌制剂疗效观察

调查了36例急性菌痢肠菌群变化,其特征为:肠内细菌数明显减少,除酵母菌外,各菌值与健康人比较有显著或极显著差异(P<0.01或0.001),尤以双歧杆菌、类杆菌、肠杆菌和优杆菌为突出,下降辐度可相差10～100倍;致病菌菌值可超过正常菌群,20例检出志贺氏菌,菌值为log10~(2.87)/g±1.20。采用双歧杆菌活菌,制剂治疗2～7天,治愈率83.3％,治愈时间与抗生素治疗比较分别为4.68和6.04天,P<0.01。双歧杆菌活菌制剂治疗后菌群数接近正常,与治疗前比有显著差异(P<0.01或0.001),提示本治疗效果良好。     

蜡状芽孢杆菌活菌制剂(促菌生)大罐深层培养的研究

本试验就蜡状芽孢杆菌大罐深层培养法进行了初步研究,基本解决了蜡状芽孢杆菌大罐液体深层培养条件下芽孢生成、适宜培养基的选择、培养方法的建立以及菌体的收集方法等技术问题,大罐深层培养生产工艺的建立较固体培养法产量大为增加,污染耗损降至最低,减少劳动强度和繁琐的操作,而且产品质量得到保证和提高.     

应用回春生制剂对肝硬化,各型肝炎治疗效果的观察

取从一健康成人分出的青春型双歧杆菌制成活菌制剂,观察其对肝硬化和各型肝炎的疗效。实验组患者除接受与对照组同样的常规治疗外,加服回春生。检测实验组和对照组麝香草酚浊度试验(TTT)并进行比较,结果表明,用回春生治疗后,肝硬化组34例(P<0.05),慢性活动性肝炎组39例(P<0.01),急性黄疸性肝炎组21例(P<0.05)TTT 比值均明显低于对照组相应为21,32,19例,提示:回春生影响患者肝脏内促进改善蛋白代谢具有较好的调节作用。     

Statistical Analysis of Nonrectangular Family Data

MINQUE (Minimum Norm Quadratic Unbiased Estimators) theory is applied to the problem of estimation of variance components in family data (siblings) with variable family size. Using this approach, the traditional iterative maximum likelihood estimators are shown to be asymptotically normal, even though the data come from non-identical parent distributions. Asymptotic expressions are also obtained for the variance of the MINQUE estimators which hold even if the data are decidedly non-normal (e.g. a mixture of normals). In the case of normal data, exact small-sample variance estimates are derived. Simulations demonstrate the fast rate of convergence to asymptotic properties as the number of families increases. These desirable qualities suggest that the easy to compute MINQUE class of estimators may provide a useful alternative method for modelling familial aggregation.     

Mitochondrial proteomic analysis of a cell line model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Mutations in copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) have been linked to a subset of familial amytrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor neuron death. An increasing amount of evidence supports that mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis activation play a critical role in the fALS etiology, but little is known about the mechanisms by which SOD1 mutants cause the mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. In this study, we use proteomic approaches to identify the mitochondrial proteins that are altered in the presence of a fALS-causing mutant G93A-SOD1. A comprehensive characterization of mitochondrial proteins from NSC34 cells, a motor neuron-like cell line, was achieved by two independent proteomic approaches. Four hundred seventy unique proteins were identified in the mitochondrial fraction collectively, 75 of which are newly discovered proteins that previously had only been reported at the cDNA level. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was subsequently used to analyze the differences between the mitochondrial proteomes of NSC34 cells expressing wild-type and G93A-SOD1. Nine and 36 protein spots displayed elevated and suppressed abundance respectively in G93A-SOD1-expressing cells. The 45 spots were identified by MS, and they include proteins involved in mitochondrial membrane transport, apoptosis, the respiratory chain, and molecular chaperones. In particular, alterations in the post-translational modifications of voltage-dependent anion channel 2 (VDAC2) were found, and its relevance to regulating mitochondrial membrane permeability and activation of apoptotic pathways is discussed. The potential role of other proteins in the mutant SOD1-mediated fALS is also discussed. This study has produced a short list of mitochondrial proteins that may hold the key to the mechanisms by which SOD1 mutants cause mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death. It has laid the foundation for further detailed functional studies to elucidate the role of particular mitochondrial proteins, such as VDAC2, in the pathogenesis of familial ALS.     

硫氧还蛋白结合蛋白-2在糖和脂代谢中的作用

硫氧还蛋白结合蛋白-2(thioredoxin binding protein-2,TBP-2)属于硫氧还蛋白结合蛋白家族成员,与还原型硫氧还蛋白结合,抑制其还原活性。在生物体内,TBP-2不但参与细胞内的氧化还原调节,还具有调节细胞生长繁殖和促进细胞凋亡的作用。TBP-2在葡萄糖和脂肪代谢中的作用被广泛研究。TBP-2高表达时,胰岛细胞凋亡,与糖尿病发生相关;而TBP-2缺失,与高脂血症发病有关。本文综述了TBP-2在糖脂代谢中的作用。     

多循环植物病害病情控制效果计算公式的比较

比较了3个多循环植物病害病情控制效果计算公式:Abbott公式,Henderson-Tilton公式和杨信东公式,认为杨信东公式为最优公式。总结出Abbott公式的误差产生规律:处理区与对照区的初始病情的比值越大,误差越大;处理区与对照区的初始病情的值越小,误差越大;随着处理区与对照区的终期病情的增大,公式的计算误差明显增大。Henderson-Tilton公式的误差产生规律:处理区与对照区的初始病情的比值越小,误差越大;处理区与对照区的初始病情的值越大,误差越大;随着处理区与对照区的终期病情增大,公式的计算误差明显增大。在处理区与对照区的初始病情相差悬殊,处理区与对照区的终期病情大于0.5甚至更多的条件下Abbott公式、Henderson-Tilton公式会产生较大误差,不能客观评价杀菌剂或其它控病措施的功效,而采用杨信东公式则能客观评价杀菌剂或其他控病措施的效果。     

Impact of operating conditions on performance of a novel gas double-dynamic solid-state fermentation bioreactor (GDSFB)

A self-designed novel solid-state fermentation (SSF) bioreactor named “gas double-dynamic solid-state fermentation bioreactor (GDSFB)” showed great success in processes for the production of several valuable products. For the present study, a simple GDSFB (2 L in volume) was designed to investigate the impact of exhaust time on SSF performance. Both air pressure and vent aperture significantly influenced the exhaust time. The production of cellulase by Penicillium decumbens JUA10 was studied in this bioreactor. When the vent aperture was maintained at 0.2 cm, the highest FPA activity of 17.2 IU/g dry solid-state medium was obtained at an air pressure of 0.2 MPa (gauge pressure). When the air pressure was maintained at 0.2 MPa, a vent aperture of 0.3 cm gave the highest FPA activity of 18.0 IU/g dry solid-state medium. Further analysis revealed that the exhaust time was a crucial indicator of good performance in GDSFB.