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31.
Erik P. Hess Dipti Agarwal Subhash Chandra Mohammed H. Murad Patricia J. Erwin Judd E. Hollander Victor M. Montori Ian G. Stiell 《CMAJ》2010,182(10):1039-1044
Background
The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score uses clinical data to predict the short-term risk of acute myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization or death from any cause. It was originally developed for use in patients with unstable angina or non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction. We sought to expand the clinical application of the TIMI risk score by assessing its prognostic accuracy in patients in the emergency department with potential acute coronary syndromes.Methods
We searched five electronic databases, hand-searched reference lists of included studies and contacted content experts to identify articles for review. We included prospective cohort studies that validated the TIMI risk score in emergency department patients. We performed a meta-regression to determine whether a linear relation exists between TIMI risk score and the cumulative incidence of cardiac events.Results
We included 10 prospective cohort studies (with a total of 17 265 patients) in our systematic review. Data were available for meta-analysis in 8 of the 10 studies. Of patients with a score of zero, 1.8% had a cardiac event within 30 days (sensitivity 97.2%, 95% CI 96.4–97.8; specificity 25.0%, 95% CI 24.3–25.7; positive likelihood ratio 1.30, 95% CI 1.28–1.31; negative likelihood ratio 0.11, 95% CI 0.09–0.15). Meta-regression analysis revealed a strong linear relation between TIMI risk score (p < 0.001) and the cumulative incidence of cardiac events.Interpretation
Although the TIMI risk score is an effective risk stratification tool for patients in the emergency department with potential acute coronary syndromes, it should not be used as the sole means of determining patient disposition.Chest pain is a common presenting complaint in the emergency department that requires efficient risk stratification, timely initiation of treatment in high-risk patients and safe determination of patient disposition. Several studies have been published that stratify the risk of patients in the emergency department with chest pain.1–5 However, only the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score, which was initially developed for use in patients with unstable angina or non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction or both,6 has been broadly validated in several independent emergency department populations with chest pain and thus constitutes the highest level of evidence available.The TIMI risk score assigns each of seven predictors a value of one point, allowing stratification of patients into one of eight prognostic categories (Box 1).6 The clinical end points are acute myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization and death from any cause.Box 1.?Predictor variables included in the TIMI risk score*
- Age of more than 65 years
- Three or more risk factors for atherosclerosis
- Known coronary artery disease
- Two or more episodes of anginal chest pain in the preceding 24 hours
- Acetylsalicylic acid use in the seven days before hospitalization
- ST-segment deviation of 0.05 mV or more
- Elevated cardiac markers
32.
Said Galai Ferid Limam M. Nejib Marzouki 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2010,26(8):1341-1347
A bacterial strain AAP56, isolated from a polluted soil (from Kelibia city) and identified as Stentrophomonas maltophilia, was particularly interesting for its ability to decolorize recalcitrant dyes of an industrial effluent: SITEX Black. The
final percentage decolorization 60% was shown by bacterial culture after incubation in LB medium at 30°C under shaking conditions.
The decolorization was closely correlated with the metabolic bacterial growth. The replacement of yeast extract in LB medium
composition by soya flour was clearly efficient to enhance the percentage decolorization by 20% and also to reduce the growth
medium cost 60-fold. The bacteria were able to reduce 23% from the initial COD and 28% from the initial BOD5 of the effluent. The immobilization of bacterial cells in calcium alginate beads improved by 25% the effectiveness of the
biotransformation within 24 h in batch conditions. The potential of a downflow fixed column reactor (DFCR) to decolorize SITEX
Black was evaluated under dilution rate. The best decolorization percentage (82%) was recorded at 0.3 h−1. This bioprocess seems to be a potentially useful method to remediate the colored textile wastewater. 相似文献
33.
通过考察阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin, ATO) 对自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensive rats, SHR) 肾脏炎性损害的影响, 探讨了 ATO 对高血压肾脏并发症的防治作用。将4周龄SHR分为高血压模型组和ATO治疗组(8mg/kg),以同周龄的Wistar-Kyoto大鼠为正常对照。灌胃给药8周后, 采用酶联免疫法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay)测定血浆和肾组织血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensin, AngⅡ)含量;测定诱导性一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS)及细胞间粘附分子-1(intercellular adhesion molecule-1, ICAM-1) 的蛋白表达和亚硝酸阴离子(nitrite, NO2-)含量,以评价肾脏炎症状态; 以苏木素伊红(hematoxylin and eosin)和过碘酸六胺银染色(periodic acid-silver metheramine) 染色示SHR肾小球和肾间质形态学病变,并以尿蛋白含量为指标衡量肾脏功能。结果显示... 相似文献
34.
Sonia Ben Hadj Kalifa Ferid Limam M. Issam Smaali Thierry Maugard M. Nejib Marzouki 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2007,23(10):1363-1370
The β-glucosidase enzyme β-glu2 isolated from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was purified and used as tracer in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. A novel purification procedure of the protein was developed
that consists of ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200-HR column, ion exchange chromatography
on DEAE-Toyopearl and polybuffer exchanger PBE 94 TM chromatofocusing. The pI value was 4.45. K
m
and V
max values for the enzyme towards p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside were respectively 0.45 mM and 0.2 U/mL. Thermal stability showed that β-glu2 has a half-life
of 85 min at 55 °C and of 25 min at 65 °C. β-glu2 was conjugated to goat anti-rabbit antibodies with glutaraldehyde as cross
linking agent according to the one-step method. Conjugates were purified by HPLC gel filtration on TSK 2000. Enzymatic and
immunological activities of the β-glucosidase conjugate component were tested by the ELISA method. 相似文献
35.
Issam Smaali Thierry Maugard Ferid Limam Marie-Dominique Legoy Nejib Marzouki 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2007,23(1):145-149
An extracellular β-glucosidase (β-glu x) from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was used as catalyst for the synthesis of gluco-oligosaccharides (GOSs) and alkyl-glucosides. The purified β-glu x was not
regiospecific for β(1→4) linkages in either hydrolysis or transglycosylation catalysed-reactions. It efficiently synthesized
GOSs from cellobiose, gentiobiose and methyl β-d-glucoside by transglycosylation. At optimal conditions, 119 mg/ml of GOSs (∼
∼33%) were formed over 9 h from cellobiose as substrate. Alkyl-glucosides were also efficiently synthesized by transglycosylation
of cellobiose in presence of different alcohols in biphasic media. However, their concentrations decreased as the size of
the alcohol chain increased. 相似文献
36.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a short lived diatomic free radical species synthesized by nitric oxide synthases (NOS). The physiological
roles of NO depend on its local concentrations as well as availability and the nature of downstream target molecules. At low
nanomolar concentrations, activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is the major event initiated by NO. The resulting elevation
in the intracellular cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels serves as signals for regulating diverse cellular and physiological processes.
The participation of NO and cGMP in diverse physiological processes is made possible through cell type specific spatio-temporal
regulation of NO and cGMP synthesis and signal diversity downstream of cGMP achieved through specific target selection. Thus
cyclic GMP directly regulates the activities of its downstream effectors such as Protein Kinase G (PKG), Cyclic Nucleotide
Gated channels (CNG) and Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, which in turn regulate the activities of a number of proteins
that are involved in regulating diverse cellular and physiological processes. Localization and activity of the NO-cGMP signaling
pathway components are regulated by G-protein coupled receptors, receptor and non receptor tyrosine kinases, phosphatases
and other signaling molecules. NO also serves as a powerful paracrine factor. At micromolar concentrations, NO reacts with
superoxide anion to form reactive peroxinitrite, thereby leading to the oxidation of important cellular proteins. Extensive
research efforts over the past two decades have shown that NO is an important modulator of axon outgrowth and guidance, synaptic
plasticity, neural precursor proliferation as well as neuronal survival. Excessive NO production as that evoked by inflammatory
signals has been identified as one of the major causative reasons for the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative diseases
such as ALS, Alzheimers and Parkinson diseases. Regenerative therapies involving transplantation of embryonic stem cells (ES
cells) and ES cell derived lineage committed neural precursor cells have recently shown promising results in animal models
of Parkinson disease (PD). Recent studies from our laboratory have shown that a functional NO-cGMP signaling system is operative
early during the differentiation of embryonic stem cells. The cell type specific, spatio-temporally regulated NO-cGMP signaling
pathways are well suited for inductive signals to use them for important cell fate decision making and lineage commitment
processes. We believe that manipulating the NO-cGMP signaling system will be an important tool for large scale generation
of lineage committed precursor cells to be used for regenerative therapies.
Special issue dedicated to John P. Blass. 相似文献
37.
38.
An alcoholic extract obtained from the rhizomes of Gloriosa superba Linn (Colchicaceae) was screened for enzyme inhibition activities. The crude extract and its subsequent fractions including chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous were screened against lipoxygenase, actylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and urease. An outstanding inhibition on lipoxygenase was observed. The highest enzyme inhibition potency was expressed by the chloroform fraction (90%) among the tested fractions on lipoxygenase. Overall 67-90% inhibition was found for lipoxygenase, 46-69% for acetylcholinesterase and 10-33% for butyrylcholinesterase, while urease was not inhibited. 相似文献
39.
40.