Perspectives on the nanocarriers with miRNAs for targeting melanoma stemness through epigenetic regulation

Several research reports delineated the significant role of miRNAs in cancer proliferation, and their modulatory role in cancer mitigation, and drug resistance. Melanoma cells have been acquiring stemness to several chemotherapeutic agents through drug efflux proteins, epigenetic modulation, and DNA repair. miRNAs could be applied as novel therapeutic modalities for treating several kinds of cancers to modulate these mechanisms involved in stemness. Nanocarriers to carry these tumor-targeting miRNAs to modulate stemness are a prominent strategy to overcome their low penetrability, minimal stability, and nonspecificity. We have searched several public databases such as PubMed, Medline, Google scholar, and NLM and obtained the information pertinent to the miRNA-based nanocarrier systems to target stemness through epigenetic modulation in melanomas. This review delineates that various miRNAs can modulate the stemness in melanomas by specific intricate epigenetic signaling, and other cell-based signaling mechanisms. Specific nanocarrier formulations with specific miRNAs are optimal methods to deliver these miRNAs in order to achieve significant entrapment efficiency, loading efficiency, and stability. Furthermore, the combinatorial regimen of FDA-approved chemotherapeutic molecules with tumor-targeting miRNAs and chemotherapy combined with nanocarriers can efficiently deliver the utmost therapeutic window by targeting tumor matrix, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis in melanomas. Substantial research should focus on the clinical application of this gene therapy in melanomas using these low immunogenic, highly degradable, and biocompatible combinatorial nanotherapeutic regimens.     

BIOACTIVITIES AND MECHANISM OF SPIRO ENOL ETHER ANALOGUES AGAINST PIERIS RAPAE

Abstract  Nineteen kinds of spiro enol ether analogues were screened with larvae of Pieris rapae for antifeedant activity. The results showed that the antifeedant activity of compounds No.20 and No. 12 was higher than others. In non-choice test, AFC50 values within 24 h of compounds No.20 and No. 12 against 3rd instar larvae of P. rapae were 226.93 μg/mL and 370.00 μg/mL, and that in choice test against 4th larvae were 280.54 μg/mL and 398.88 μg/mL, respectively. Compd. No.20 could prolong the eggs hatch time and reduce the haemolymph content and the protein content in haemolymph of 4th instar larvae obviously. Compd. No.20 could protect tested leaves and control larvae of P. rapae effectively.     

二氢叶酸还原酶结合底物的去除

分析了应用氨甲蝶呤（MTX-Agarose）亲和层析法提纯的鸡肝二氢叶酸还原酶的组成和性质.建立了用平面粒度胶等电聚焦法去除与酶紧密结合底物的方法．讨论了结合底物对酶构象研究的影响,并指出,用未完全去除结合底物的酶研究酶在变性过程构象变化会得到错误的结论．     

长日照处理对牵牛开花抑制作用研究 Ⅰ．不同时间长日照处理对花芽分化和子叶蛋白质的影响

日本紫花牵牛（Ｐｈａｒｂｉｌｉｓｎｉｌｃｖ．Ｖｉｏｌｅｔ）子叶完全展开后,短日照诱导前、诱导后和两个短日照间的长日照处理对植株的花芽分化都有一定的抑制作用。双向凝胶电泳分析表明,长日照处理的牵牛子叶内存在着短日照处理子叶内没有的两种蛋白质（ｐＩ４．１,ＭＷ１６．５ｋＤ;ｐＩ４．２,ＭＷ１６．５ｋＤ）。这些蛋白质可能与长日照抑制牵牛植株的花芽分化有一定关系。     

陕西省第一批国家稀有濒危植物的地理分布、区系特征及保护

分析了陕西省稀有濒危植物４６个种（包括种下等级）的地理分布和４２个属的分布区类型及其区系特征,提出了稀有濒危植物种质资源的保护对策。     

湖南产五步蛇蛇毒磷脂酶A_2的热稳定性

本文测定了湖南产五步蛇蛇毒磷脂酶Ａ２在不同温度保温后的酶活性,结果表明此酶具有一定的热稳定性。     

鸦胆子抗肿瘤活性成分的化学研究

从苦木科植物鸦胆子[Brucea javanica(L.)Merr]干躁果实的硅胶干柱柱层析所得的活性部位中经层析分离得到7个四环三萜苦木内酯成份(A,B,C,D,E,F,G),经UV,IR,~1H-NMR,~(13)C-NMR等方法鉴定分别为鸦胆苦醇(Brusatol A),双氢鸦胆苦醇(Dihydrobrusatol,B),鸦胆因B(Bruceine B,C),鸦胆因D(Bruceine D,D),鸦胆因H(Bruceine H,E),鸦胆子甙A(Bruceoside A,F)和双氢鸦胆子甙A(Yadanzioside A,G)。据报道,鸦胆苦醇和鸦胆子甙A具有较强的抗肿瘤活性。     

绿僵菌在土壤中的延续及控制桃小食心虫的潜力

研究了金龟子绿僵茵（Ｍｅｔａｒｈｉｚｉｕｍａｎｉｓｏｐｌｉａｅ）在土壤中的发育过程、数量消长及控制桃小食心虫的潜力．结果表明,接种６２~８２ｄ后所有处理的ＣＦＵ均降低８０％以上,１２１~２３４ｄ后降低９９％以上．在灭菌和不灭菌土壤中,分生孢子初始接种量的半衰期分别为２８．５ｄ和２３．８ｄ,干菌丝粉分别为２６．９ｄ和１９．６ｄ．在土壤接种后１００ｄ,将桃小食心虫冬茧接入土壤,冬茧被侵染产孢后补偿了带菌量的下降,２７８ｄＣＦＵ比不接冬茧土壤第２７１ｄ的带菌量大１０００倍．在土壤接种后,不同时间接入土壤的冬茧死亡率直到第１３１ｄ还保持在９０％以上,但到第２３７ｄ降至９．３％．未用绿僵菌处理的土壤中接入的桃小食心虫冬茧无死亡发生．小区试验中,在１５、２２．５、３０和３７．５ｋｇ·ｈｍ（－２）分生抱孢制剂剂量下死亡率达９７．０~１００％,而蛀果率仅为２．７~５．０％．在陕北进行了大田试验面积达６７０ｈｍ２,剂量为２２．５ｋｇ·ｈｍ（－２）分生孢子制剂．蛀果率降至２．４％,未处理果园则高达３０％．     

人类疱疹病毒6型可诱生TNF－α

用生物活性法和双抗体夹心桥联酶免疫吸附（ＥＬＩＳＡ）法检测了人类疱疹病素６型（ＨＨＶ－６）ＧＳ株和南京地方株ＣＮ５,８,１０感染的淋巴细胞培养上清中的肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）的水平,发现培养２４ｈ即可检出高水平的ＴＮＦ,４８～７２ｈ述到峰值,此后逐渐下降,与未感染耐照组比较有及其显著的差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）。ＧＳ株与地方株同诱生ＴＮＦ水平无儿著性差异（Ｐ＞０．１）,三株地方株诱生ＴＮＦ也无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＴＮＦ－α单抗可以完全中和培养上清中ＴＮＦ的活性,证实上清中有ＴＮＦ－α。与ＬＰＳ比较,ＨＨＶ－６诱生ＴＮＦ－α的能力要强得多。