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101.
LEANDRO DA S. DUARTE MELINA M. G. DOS‐SANTOS SANDRA M. HARTZ VALRIO DEPATTA PILLAR 《Austral ecology》2006,31(4):520-528
Abstract Araucaria Forest expansion over grassland takes place under wet climate conditions and low disturbance and it is hypothesized that isolated trees established on grassland facilitate the establishment of forest woody species beneath their canopies. Forest with Araucaria angustifolia is a particular type of Brazilian Atlantic Forest and the main forest type on the highland plateau in south Brazil, often forming mosaics with natural Campos grassland. The objectives of this paper were to evaluate the role of isolated shrubs and trees as colonization sites for seedlings of Araucaria Forest woody species on grassland, to determine which species function as preferential nurse plants in the process and the importance of vertebrate diaspore dispersal on the structure of seedling communities beneath nurse plants. The study was conducted in São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul State, where we sampled isolated shrubs and trees in natural grassland near Araucaria Forest edges. Seedlings were counted and identified, and seedling diaspore dispersal syndromes, size and colour were registered. We detected 11 woody species with a potential role in nucleating grassland colonization by forest species. Beneath the canopies of nurse plants more forest species seedlings were found compared with open field grassland and the seedlings had diaspores mostly dispersed by vertebrates. Also, more seedlings were found under the canopy of A. angustifolia than beneath other nurse plant species. We conclude that A. angustifolia trees established on grassland act as nurse plants, by attracting disperser birds that promote colonization of the site by other forest species seedlings, and that under low level of grassland disturbance, conservation of frugivorous vertebrate assemblages may increase forest expansion over natural grassland and also facilitate the regeneration of degraded forest areas. 相似文献
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Direct binding of the ligand PSG17 to CD9 requires a CD9 site essential for sperm-egg fusion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Ellerman DA Ha C Primakoff P Myles DG Dveksler GS 《Molecular biology of the cell》2003,14(12):5098-5103
The function currently attributed to tetraspanins is to organize molecular complexes in the plasma membrane by using multiple cis-interactions. Additionally, the tetraspanin CD9 may be a receptor that binds the soluble ligand PSG17, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF)/CEA subfamily. However, previous data are also consistent with the PSG17 receptor being a CD9 cis-associated protein. In the current study, CD9 extracellular loop (EC2) specifically bound to PSG17-coated beads, indicating a direct interaction between the two proteins. However, CD9-EC2 did not bind to PSG17-coated beads if the CD9-EC2 had the mutation SFQ (173-175) to AAA, a previously studied mutation in egg CD9 that abolishes sperm-egg fusion. Also, PSG17 bound to 293 T cells transfected with wild-type CD9 but not the mutant CD9. By immunofluorescence, PSG17 bound to wild-type eggs but not to CD9 null eggs. The presence of approximately 2 microM recombinant PSG17 produced a significant and reversible inhibition (60-80%) of sperm-egg fusion. Thus, we conclude that CD9 is a receptor for PSG17 and when the PSG17 binding site is mutated or occupied, sperm-egg fusion is impaired. These findings suggest that egg CD9 may function in gamete fusion by binding to a sperm IgSF/CEA subfamily member and such proteins have previously been identified on sperm. 相似文献
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Current information on the structure and function of motile tubular vacuoles in Pisolithus tinctorius and other fungi is reviewed. The use of fluorochromes to label the vacuole lumen is evaluated and observations on the structure and motility of vacuoles in P. tinctorius are differentiated from possible artifacts. The styryl dyes FM4-64 and MDY-64, used in yeast to demonstrate endocytosis, show little or no labeling of internal membranes in undamaged P. tinctorius cells. This agrees with our data showing that other probes for endocytosis such as Lucifer yellow CH are not taken up by hyphal tip cells. Overall, the observations do not support endocytosis in hyphal tips. It has been suggested that tubular vacuole systems carry out longitudinal transport, and evidence in favor of this hypothesis is evaluated. New data are presented to show that many of the large vacuoles in subapical cells are attached to the plasma membrane and are relatively immobile, while video sequences show movement of fluorochrome in pulses along a series of several large vacuoles, all interconnected via tubules. Tubular vacuoles from thick sections of hyphae processed under anhydrous conditions are shown by X-ray microanalysis to contain relatively high levels of P and K, as seen previously in the larger vacuoles. These results provide further evidence for a role of the tubular vacuoles in longitudinal transport of P. Copyright 1998 Academic Press. 相似文献
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Erythropoietin(EPO) is the major regulator of mamalian erythropoisis,which stimulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic cells through interaction with its receptor(EPO-R),Here we use HEL cells (a human erythro-leukemia cell line) as a model to elucidate the pathway of signal transduction in the EPO-induced HEL cells.Our data show that the EPOR (EPO receptor) on the surface of HEL cells interacts with the Janus tyrosine protein kinase(Jak2) to transduce intracellular signals through phosphorylation of cytoplasmic proteins in EPO-treated HEL cells.Both STAT1 and STAT5 in this cell line are tyrosine-phosphorylated and translocated to nucleus following the dinding of EPO to HEL cells.Furthermore,the dinding of both STAT1 and STAT5 proteins to specific DNA elements(SIE and PIE elements) is revealed in an EPO-dependent manner,Our data demonstrate that the pathway of signal transduction following the binding of EPO to HEL cells is similar to immature eryhroid cell from the spleen of mice infected with anemia strain of Friend virus. 相似文献
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磷素是高寒草地生态系统的重要支持元素,高寒草甸退化导致较为严重的生态和生产问题,同时也引起了生态系统物质循环的变化。为揭示高寒草甸退化中土壤磷素特征及其对植被特征的效应,以东祁连山轻度(LD)、中度(MD)、重度退化(SD)高寒草甸退化阶段为研究对象,以多年围封高寒草甸(FG)为对照,在春季和夏季分别对不同高寒草甸阶段样地不同土层深度土壤全磷、有效磷、微生物量磷含量及碱性磷酸酶活性等磷素特征进行了研究,并对夏季植被地上生物量和磷素含量等植被特征进行了调查。结果表明:东祁连山高寒草甸退化导致植被地上生物量和磷含量急剧下降,重度退化高寒草甸地上生物量干重仅是围封草地的35.93%,退化高寒草甸地上部磷含量仅为围封草地的60%,且不同退化阶段地上部磷含量没有明显差异。退化导致高寒草甸表层土壤的全磷、有效磷含量升高,相比FG,土壤有效磷含量春季LD、MD和SD分别升高了16.67%、36.67%和3.33%,夏季分别升高了4.35%、26.09%和4.35%,且有效磷含量具有夏季低于春季的季节差异性。退化导致土壤微生物量磷含量明显降低,而对碱性磷酸酶活性影响没有明显的规律性,但围封草地夏季碱性... 相似文献
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Effect of Ethidium Bromide on the Oxidative Metabolism and Enzyme Profiles of Crithidia fasciculata*
SYNOPSIS. Changes in the metabolism of Crithidia fasciculata ATCC 11745 when grown in the presence of ethidium bromide were studied. Ethidium bromide-grown cells had decreased respiratory activity as measured by oxygen consumption. More than 50% of the organisms cultivated in a defined medium containing 1.0 mg/liter of ethidium bromide became dyskine-toplastic and had decreased activities of particulate succinate and NADH-linked dehydrogenases as well as of soluble isocitrate dehydrogenase. These cells also had increased activities of particulate α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, soluble α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, hexokinase, and malate dehydrogenase. Ethidium bromide-grown cells had a lower level of ATP and contained less DNA than cells grown in its absence. 相似文献