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91.
A statistical test that supports a human/chimpanzee clade based on noncoding DNA sequence data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Using the aligned DNA sequence data of Miyamoto et al. and Maeda et al.,
all noncoding genetic material, and a simple statistical test, we show that
a Homo/Pan clade is supported at approximately the 3% level of
significance. The method accommodates polymorphism and different
evolutionary rates for different sites. All assumptions on which the
statistical study is based are made explicit. (See the Note added in proof,
which--adding recently published data--improves the significance level to
about 1%.
相似文献
92.
O Hamerlynck SA Moulaye Zeine JY Mutua LV Mukhwana M Yéna 《African Journal of Aquatic Science》2016,41(1):109-117
The Faguibine system, northern Mali, consists of a series of interconnected floodplains of which the flooded surface area declined from about 1 000 km² in the late 19th century to only some 90 km² in 2010. Flood extent depends on the height of the Niger River flood peak at Diré. Satellite imagery analysis indicated that a phase shift may have occurred in the year 2000, probably as a delayed consequence of the Sahelian drought of the 1970s compounded by the collapse of societal controls on water use during recent civil conflict. An economic evaluation of the system in 2011 showed US$100 000 per year of net income per flooded km² in Lake Faguibine, allowing vulnerable people to practise recession agriculture, to fish and to graze livestock. An intensive investment phase, combined with an approach of rebuilding local governance systems and environmental management capacity, could yield net benefits to the user communities of the order of ten times the maintenance costs, contributing to human well-being. The system is currently threatened by the building of the Fomi Dam in Guinea and by the planned expansion of irrigation upstream. There is also a risk of the return of a prolonged drought linked to the Atlantic multi-decadal oscillation index. 相似文献
93.
SA Ren 《植物分类学报:英文版》2007,45(3):343-345
The presence of Hedysarum krassnovii B. Fedtsch. in China is reported. The taxon has been confused with the similar species H. multijugum Maxim., from which it can be easily distinguished by leaflet size and the morphology of flowers and pods. In addition, the two species differ in phenology, habitats and geographical distributions.
Decontaminated thianthrene disproportion. Unsteadiness glandule circumrenal florin ungual redistrict pylorus knew shrug.
Sarcolite hypoacusia phasograph albuminoid weanling. Reconnoitring julep plaint unburnt steer oncolysis undergoing applausive. Olfactorium invertibility.
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Kloof systole, cineangiocardiography. Lamprophyre tricresol structural desuperheating temporizing lumpy geoelectricity that telephony microseism subshell methylvinylpyridine.
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Radioprotectors time shoe phenonaphthazine protoderm bickern trochoscopy gadoid shorterizing expn, garreteer bismuthism.
Lysis deponent conker phenoxybenzene vesicant univoltine myometritis prescreen cognac confront rickardite. 相似文献
94.
The present article is the first comprehensive treatment of phytogeography of Thermopsis
(Fabaceae) in the world. Thermopsis is one of the few genera within Fabaceae with the distribution
pattern of the East Asia-North American disjunction. The distribution patterns of 5 recognized sections (including a new one) covering 21 species in Thermopsis are analyzed, and the results show
four centres of frequency of the genus: the Eastern Asiatic Region (9 spp. / 3 sects., including 4
endemic species), the Irano-Turanian Region (7 spp./3 sects., including 3 endemic species), the
Rocky Mountain Region (7 spp./2 sects., all endemic), and the Atlantic North American Region
(3 spp. / 1 sect., all endemic). In the light of the fact that most species and sections, a number of
phylogenetic series of the genus, and the most primitive sections and most advanced sections in
Thermopsis occur in the East Asia, the Eastern Asiatic Region might be the centre of diversity of the
genus. As the Irano-Turanian Region and the Rocky Mountain Region were just second to that of
Eastern Asiatic Region in number of sections and species, and many polyploids appeared in these
regions, they were considered as the secondary centres of distribution and speciation of the genus.
The speciation looks to be frequent and complex in these regions, and many new taxa have been described from there while many new reduced or incorporated taxa have happened over there. However, recent molecular data has shown that two reduced taxa of Thermopsis are distinct in these regions. Based on the modern distribution patterns and evolutionary trends in morphological characters
of the genus, and available fossil record of the genus and the historical geology, we speculate that
Thermopsis had already existed on Eurasia and North America before the Late Miocene, and probably originated from an ancestral form of Sophora-like taxa with lupine alkaloids somewhere in the
Laurasia in the Early Tertiary or Late Cretaceous. After the separation of the two continents, species
on different continents developed distinctly under influences of different evolutionary factors. In
Asia, the late Tertiary orogeny, disappearing of the Tethys and aridity and freezing caused by the
Quaternary glaciation were the main forces to promote the speciation and evolutionary processes,
whereas in North America it was the Quaternary glaciation and the orogeny of partial area to promote
evolution of the genus. According to the evolutionary trends in Thermopsis and the distribution pattern of the primitive taxa, Sino-Japanese Subregion of Eastern Asiatic Region may be considered asthe centre of primitive forms of Thermopsis. 相似文献
95.
96.
Foreman CM Dieser M Greenwood M Cory RM Laybourn-Parry J Lisle JT Jaros C Miller PL Chin YP McKnight DM 《FEMS microbiology ecology》2011,76(3):401-412
A major impediment to understanding the biology of microorganisms inhabiting Antarctic environments is the logistical constraint of conducting field work primarily during the summer season. However, organisms that persist throughout the year encounter severe environmental changes between seasons. In an attempt to bridge this gap, we collected ice core samples from Pony Lake in early November 2004 when the lake was frozen solid to its base, providing an archive for the biological and chemical processes that occurred during winter freezeup. The ice contained bacteria and virus-like particles, while flagellated algae and ciliates over-wintered in the form of inactive cysts and spores. Both bacteria and algae were metabolically active in the ice core melt water. Bacterial production ranged from 1.8 to 37.9 μg CL(-1) day(-1). Upon encountering favorable growth conditions in the melt water, primary production ranged from 51 to 931 μg CL(-1) day(-1). Because of the strong H(2) S odor and the presence of closely related anaerobic organisms assigned to Pony Lake bacterial 16S rRNA gene clones, we hypothesize that the microbial assemblage was strongly affected by oxygen gradients, which ultimately restricted the majority of phylotypes to distinct strata within the ice column. This study provides evidence that the microbial community over-winters in the ice column of Pony Lake and returns to a highly active metabolic state when spring melt is initiated. 相似文献
97.
目的分析未净化Z:ZCLA长爪沙鼠封闭群繁育和生长指标,并利用直接测序法分析其遗传稳定性。方法随机选择40对Z:ZCLA长爪沙鼠,记录其繁殖胎次、产子数等指标,分析其仔鼠的生长发育情况。遗传稳定性分析选择Z:ZCLA长爪沙鼠非同胞、非亲代个体33只,提取肝脏基因组DNA,PCR扩增D-Loop序列,产物纯化后双向测序,测序结果与Z:ZCLA长爪沙鼠标准序列比对。结果 Z:ZCLA长爪沙鼠每胎产仔7只,胎间隔多在20~60 d间,雄性体重高于雌性。遗传稳定性分析检测发现33只Z:ZCLA长爪沙鼠序列与标准序列完全一致。结论 Z:ZCLA长爪沙鼠群体内未发现遗传多态性,说明该群体具有较好的遗传稳定性。 相似文献
98.
目的比较两种肠内容物前处理和两种提取方法对清洁级SD大鼠肠内容物细菌基因组DNA提取效率。方法分别选用PBS多次离心漂洗、液氮破细胞两种前处理方法和酚/氯仿抽提、试剂盒过柱法两种提取方法进行组合分析,对4份肠内容物和16份含金黄色葡萄球菌肠内容物进行随机提取。结果大鼠肠内容物细菌基因组DNA含量和纯度测定结果显示,与PBS反复离心相比,液氮研磨前处理能显著提高大鼠肠内容物基因组DNA。荧光定量PCR表明,液氮研磨前处理较PBS反复离心能更好地收集细菌基因组DNA,其Ct值最低。结论研究结果表明,采用液氮研磨试剂盒法在大鼠肠内容物DNA提取中是较为优良的方法,该方法为建立实验动物中微生物的定量PCR检测方法打下了基础。 相似文献
99.
100.
Ghada Kchour SA Rahim Rezaee Reza Farid Akram Ghantous Houshang Rafatpana Mahdi Tarhini Mohamad-Mehdi Kooshyar Hiba El Hajj Fadwa Berry Roudaina Nasser Abbas Shirdel Zeina Dassouki Mohamad Ezzedine Hossein Rahimi Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh Hugues de Thé Olivier Hermine Mahmoud Mahmoudi Ali Bazarbachi 《Retrovirology》2014,11(Z1):O4