反相高效液相色谱分析种子醇溶贮藏蛋白质鉴定大麦品种(英文)

本文采用反相高效液相色谱(reversedphase high-performance liquid chromatography,RP-HPLC)技术分析了中国种植的24个不同大麦品种的种子醇溶贮藏蛋白质。首先,根据所获得的色谱图的相似性可以将供试品种分成10组,每组各有自己的共同特征色谱峰;其次,再依据各组内不同品种间色谱图的定性或定量上的差异可以将它们分别区别和鉴定;这表明大麦种子醇溶贮藏蛋白质的异质性较强,其组成随基因型的不同而有所变异。因此,应用RP-HPLC技术分析大麦种子醇溶贮藏蛋白质可以准确、快速地对大麦品种进行鉴定。     

酵母鉴定程序在酵母分类鉴定中的应用

本文介绍了Barnett等1985年编制并由剑桥大学发行的计算机软件《酵母鉴定程序》,以及如何使用该程序在IBM PC DOS操作系统上进行酵母菌的分类鉴定。我们使用该程序对从云南鸡足山和紫金山两地森林土壤中分离到的82株酵母菌进行了分类鉴定,其中:鉴定到种的有47株,占总株数的57.3％;鉴定到属但未能直接定到种的有21株,占总株数的25.6％;暂未定名的有14株,占总株数的17.1％。     

四川大型真菌资源调查研究

本文介绍了四川大型真菌资源348种,包括药用真菌163种、食用真菌123种、有毒真菌41种、菌根真菌101种等。全国新记录26种。其中冬虫夏草(cordyceps sinensis)、凉山虫草(c.liangshanensis)、松口蘑(Tricholoma matsutake)、银耳(Tremella fuciformis)、短裙竹荪(Dictyophora duplicata)猴头(Hericium erinaceus)、鸡(土从)(Termitomyces albuminosus)、木耳(Auricuiaria auricula)、灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)等尤为著名。并对四川大型真菌中部分重要种类的分布、资源及用途进行了分析和评价。为合理开发利用及有关教学科研提供了资料。     

草菇减数分裂和担孢子形成细胞核行为

本文用苏木精染色和双苯并咪唑(Hoechst 33258)染色法,从草菇子实体“纽期”菌褶分化完开始,每3小时对同一个子实体连续切取菌褶进行染色观察。结果表明草菇子实体“纽期”菌褶形成时,约10％的担子发生了核配;在子实体发育过程中,尤其是子实体成熟期后,不断有少量新的双核担子产生,并发生核配,使草菇减数分裂的同步性不高;草菇从菌褶分化完成(此时已有10％担子发生核配)到子实体完全成熟,菌褶变成深粉红至褐色(此时约70％担子完成减数分裂)需要28—30小时;担子减数分裂的持续时间为18小时,其中细线期和偶线期5.9小时、粗线期6.2小时、双线期和终变期3.4小时、中期10.5小时、后期Ⅰ到四分体2小时;经过对粗线期、双线和终变期以及中期Ⅰ染色体条数的多次反复观察,认为草菇的染色体条数为11(n=11);减数分裂后,4个子核分别进入4个担孢子中,留下无核的担子;绝大部分担孢子是单核的,有约5％的担孢子是双核的。     

胡萝卜人工种子在无菌条件下的贮藏及贮藏中种子活力变化

对用海藻酸钙包埋胡萝卜体细胞胚(0.6—2mm)制作的人工种子进行贮藏研究,发现低温及干燥均能在一定程度上抑制人工种子萌发。失水率达67%的种子,2℃贮藏60天后, 在发芽培养基上发芽率为100%,7天内的成苗率达80%。未经贮藏的对照种子发芽率为100%,成苗率为76%。无论在“种皮”还是在胚胎悬浮培养液中加入脱落酸或香豆素,都能抑制胚的生长,但也促进了胚的衰老。铝箔袋内密闭贮藏期间种子不萌发,但活力下降快。随着贮藏时间的延长,种子的活力指数、脱氢酶活性、氧吸收率都呈下降趋势。     

Early estrogen treatment of female zebra finches masculinizes the brain pathway for learned vocalizations

Telencephalic nucleus HVC and its two efferent targets, RA and X, play essential roles in the production of complex, learned vocalizations in the male zebra finch. Normal females do not produce these learned vocalizations; HVC, RA, and X are small in volume, and HVC and RA are not synaptically connected. We have shown that estrogen treatment during development causes females to learn and produce male-like vocalization. This article describes the neural masculinization of these E2 females, replicating and extending the work of others. Female zebra finches were treated with 17β-estradiol (E2) at hatching, at 14–22 days of age, or as adults. In adulthood, the volumes of nucleus RA and area X were measured and the efferent projections of nucleus HVC examined using the anterograde tracer PHA-L. Early, sustained E2 treatment caused the greatest increase in the volume of RA and X, the innervation of RA and X by HVC axons, and the masculinization of auditory responses of cells in RA. Treatments that lasted for a shorter period or started later in development resulted in different patterns of partial brain masculinization. E2 treatment in adulthood had no effect on the volume of RA or X or their innervation by HVC. Bilateral lesions of the tracheosyringeal nerves or of HVC had the same effects on the male-typical vocalizations produced by E2 females as they do on the vocalizations produced by males. These results demonstrate that the neural masculinization of telencephalic nuclei induced by E2 treatment sets up a functional circuit in females similar to one in males that enables the learning and production of complex vocalizations.     

Genetic transformation of apple (Malus pumila Mill.) using a disarmed Ti-binary vector

The disamed Ti-binary vector pBIN 6 in Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been used in leaf disc transfomations to produce transgenic apple (Malus pumila Mill.) plants with a nomal phenotype except for a somewhat reduced capacity to root. The presence of the genes for nopaline synthase and neomycin phosphotrans ferase (conferring kanamycin resistance), inserted into the host genome by the vector, was confirmed by Southern blot analysis, the detection of nopaline synthase activity and rooting in the presence of the antibiotic.The nopaline synthase gene continued to be expressed in glasshouse-grown plants several months after removal from in vitro growth conditions.     

Triacylglycerol fatty acid and sterol composition of sediment microorganisms from McMurdo Sound,Antarctica

Summary The triacylglycerol fatty acid and sterol profiles of microorganisms from three McMurdo Sound sediment sites, collected during the austral summer of 1984–1985, were determined using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Comparison of the three sites indicated that Cape Evans contained the greatest concentration of triacylglycerol (TG) (220 nmoles/gram dry weight (gdw) of sediment), approximately six to seven times that determined for sediment microorganisms from the Cape Armitage and New Harbor sites. The relative proportion of triacylglycerolderived polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) revealed a somewhat different trend. New Harbor sediment contained the greatest relative proportion of PUFA (22% of triacylglycerol fatty acids), followed by Cape Evans (16%) and Cape Armitage (11%). The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (poly-and monounsaturated) was relatively constant and ranged from 63% to 71% of the triacylglycerol fatty acids for the three sites. Sterol concentrations varied from 610 pmoles/gdw at Cape Evans, to 370 and 240 pmoles/gdw for Cape Armitage and New Harbor respectively, and was approximately 1% of the total determined lipid. Cholesterol was the major sterol component detected, occurring at similar relative levels (29%) for all three sites. Other sterols present in decreasing order of abundance were 22-dehydrocholesterol, brassicasterol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-methylcholesterol. 5-stanols were only minor components of the three sediments, indicating that in situ biohydrogenation of stenols was not a major sterol transformation process in these recent surface oxic sediments.Part 3 in the series: Microbial Ecology in Antarctic Sea-Ice and Benthic Communities