全文获取类型
收费全文 | 18795篇 |
免费 | 1637篇 |
国内免费 | 1667篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 26篇 |
2023年 | 190篇 |
2022年 | 287篇 |
2021年 | 746篇 |
2020年 | 574篇 |
2019年 | 767篇 |
2018年 | 765篇 |
2017年 | 577篇 |
2016年 | 818篇 |
2015年 | 1226篇 |
2014年 | 1475篇 |
2013年 | 1459篇 |
2012年 | 1832篇 |
2011年 | 1719篇 |
2010年 | 1108篇 |
2009年 | 961篇 |
2008年 | 1219篇 |
2007年 | 1122篇 |
2006年 | 893篇 |
2005年 | 799篇 |
2004年 | 695篇 |
2003年 | 604篇 |
2002年 | 570篇 |
2001年 | 297篇 |
2000年 | 260篇 |
1999年 | 227篇 |
1998年 | 153篇 |
1997年 | 114篇 |
1996年 | 75篇 |
1995年 | 59篇 |
1994年 | 58篇 |
1993年 | 37篇 |
1992年 | 58篇 |
1991年 | 45篇 |
1990年 | 43篇 |
1989年 | 35篇 |
1988年 | 26篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 20篇 |
1985年 | 20篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1970年 | 4篇 |
1968年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 19 毫秒
101.
Shinichi Yoshida Saori Yonehara Shigemi Minami Hyo-cheol Ha Kenji Iwahara Takashi Watanabe Yoichi Honda Masaaki Kuwahara 《Mycoscience》1996,37(4):417-425
Manganese peroxidase (MnP) and lignin peroxidase (LiP) were produced by growing a white-rot fungusBjerkandera adusta statically, on a wood meal/wheat bran culture in flasks. MnP and LiP reached their maximum activity after 6 and 19 days of
inoculation, respectively. Both MnP and LiP are thought to be important enzymes in lignin biodegradation byB. adusta. Ion exchange chromatography showed thatB. adusta produced a single LiP and a single MnP enzyme in wood meal/wheat bran culture. These enzymes were separated and characterized.
The molecular weight of MnP was 46,500 with a pl of 3.9. The molecular weight of LiP was estimated to be 47,000 with a pl of 3.5. Spectral analysis demonstrated that both enzymes are heme proteins. Production of these enzymes was also achieved
using a rotarysolid culture fermenter. MnP, LiP and veratryl alcohol oxidase were produced byB. adusta in the fermenter. 相似文献
102.
Characterization of a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii gene encoding a protein of the DNA photolyase/blue light photoreceptor family 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The organization and nucleotide sequence of a gene from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii encoding a member of the DNA photolyase/blue light photoreceptor protein family is reported. A region of over 7 kb encompassing the gene was sequenced. Northern analysis detected a single 4.2 kb mRNA. The gene consists of eight exons and seven introns, and encodes a predicted protein of 867 amino acids. The first 500 amino acids exhibit significant homology with previously sequenced DNA photolyases, showing the closest relationship to mustard (Sinapis alba) photolyase (43% identity). An even higher identity, 49%, is obtained when the Chlamydomonas gene product is compared to the putative blue-light photoreceptor (HY4) from Arabidopsis thaliana. Both the Chlamydomonas and the Arabidopsis proteins differ from the well characterized DNA photolyases in that they contain a carboxyl terminal extension of 367 and 181 amino acids, respectively. However, there is very little homology between the carboxyl terminal domains of the two proteins. A previously isolated Chlamydomonas mutant, phrl, which is deficient in DNA photolyase activity, especially in the nucleus, was shown by RFLP analysis not to be linked to the gene we have isolated. We propose this gene encodes a candidate Chlamydomonas blue light photoreceptor. 相似文献
103.
Abstract: Mice infected with the LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus mixture develop severe immunosuppression and an encephalopathy characterized by spatial learning deficits. Twelve weeks after infection of C57BL/6J mice with LP-BM5, significant (50–60%) reductions in Met-enkephalin and substance P levels were observed in the striatum, whereas somatostatin levels were unchanged. In addition, a 39% decrease in hypothalamic substance P concentrations was observed, with no alteration in Met-enkephalin levels. The apparent selectivity of the decrease in neuropeptide concentrations indicates that a functional alteration of the primary striatal efferent neurons occurs in this infection, which may contribute to the impairment of spatial learning observed in these mice. Moreover, this decrease in striatal neuropeptide levels is similar to the neuropathological changes in basal ganglia observed in HIV-infected individuals and is consistent with previous studies suggesting that the LP-BM5-infected mouse may serve as a useful model of AIDS dementia. 相似文献
104.
Hyung-Joo Jin Jeong–Ha Kim Chul Hyun Sohn R.E. DeWreede Tae–Joo Choi G.H.N. Towers J.B. Hudson Yong–Ki Hong 《Journal of applied phycology》1997,9(4):383-388
Fifty-nine species of marine macrophytes from the coasts of British Columbia, Canada and Korea have been screened for the
presence of PCR inhibitors, namely inhibitors of Taq DNA polymerase. Eleven of the species displayed some inhibitor activity.
At the concentration of 5 μg of methanol extract in 25μL reaction mixture of PCR containing 1.5 unit of Taq DNA polymerase,
one (Ulva sp.) of 8 Chlorophyta, eight (Colpomenia bullosa, Ecklonia cava, Endarachne binghamiae, Fucus distichus, Hizikia
fusiformis, Sargassum confusum, Sargassum sagamianum, and Sargassum thunbergii) of 28 Phaeophyta, and one (Symphyocladia latiuscula)
of 34 Rhodophyta showed inhibition in PCR amplification. In the case of the water extract, two (Cladophora columbiana, Ulva
sp.) Chlorophyta, seven (Endarachne binghamiae, Fucus distichus, Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum confusum, Sargassum sagamianum,
Sargassum horneri, Scytosiphon dotyi) Phaeophyta, no Rhodophyta and one (Phyllospadix scouleri) seagrass showed inhibition
in PCR amplification. the methanol fraction of Sargassum confusum and the water fraction of Fucus gardneri (mid–intertidal)
have been found to inhibit PCR at level as low as 0.5 μg in 25μL of PCR reaction mixture.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
105.
Seung B. Ha Neli Melman Kenneth A. Jacobson Vasu Nair 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》1997,7(24):1698-3090
N6-Substituted adenosine analogues containing cyclic hydrazines or chiral hydroxy (ar)alkyl groups, designed to interact with the S2 and S3 receptor subregions, have been synthesized and their binding to the adenosine A1 and A2A receptors have been investigated. Examples of both types of compounds were found to exhibit highly selective binding (Ki in low nM range) to the rat A1 receptor. 相似文献
106.
Yoshiaki Nose Jae Min Lee Takatoshi Ueno Masatsugu Hatakeyama Kugao Oishi 《Insect biochemistry and molecular biology》1997,27(12):1047-1056
The cDNA for vitellogenin (Vg) of the parasitoid wasp Pimpla nipponica (Hymenoptera: Apocrita) was cloned and sequenced.1 The deduced amino acid sequence with 1807 residues was obtained. The N-terminal 20 amino acids chemically determined for vitellin (Vn) agreed completely with the deduced 20 amino acids that follow the 16 amino acid residues for putative signal peptide. The cDNA clone for the Vg of the turnip sawfly Athalia rosae (Hymenoptera: Symphyta), previously obtained and partially sequenced, was also completely sequenced and the amino acid sequence deduced. Amino acid sequences were compared between these two species and also with known Vg sequences from other insects. Common to all these insects is the presence of two long regions with relatively well-conserved amino acid sequences, one near the N-terminal extending 267–282 residues (including two cysteines at conserved locations), and the other starting at position 450 to 655 and extending 279–283 residues, and of a region at the C-terminal extending some 200 residues (about 250 in Aedes aegypti due to the presence of a serine-rich stretch) with 10 cysteines at conserved locations. A molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed. 相似文献
107.
Cloning and characterization of two catA genes in Acinetobacter lwoffii K24. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
S I Kim S H Leem J S Choi Y H Chung S Kim Y M Park Y K Park Y N Lee K S Ha 《Journal of bacteriology》1997,179(16):5226-5231
Two novel type I catechol 1,2-dioxygenases inducible on aniline media were isolated from Acinetobacter lwoffii K24. Although the two purified enzymes, CD I1 and CD I2, had similar intradiol cleavage activities, they showed different substrate specificities for catechol analogs, physicochemical properties, and amino acid sequences. Two catA genes, catA1 and catA2, encoding by CD I1 and CD I2, respectively, were isolated from the A. lwoffii K24 genomic library by using colony hybridization and PCR. Two DNA fragments containing the catA1 and catA2 genes were located on separate regions of the chromosome. They contained open reading frames encoding 33.4- and 30.4-kDa proteins. The amino acid sequences of the two proteins matched well with previously determined sequences. Interestingly, further analysis of the two DNA fragments revealed the locations of the catB and catC genes as well. Moreover, the DNA fragment containing catA1 had a cluster of genes in the order catB1-catC1-catA1 while the catB2-catA2-catC2 arrangement was found in the catA2 DNA fragment. These results may provide an explanation of the different substrate specificities and physicochemical properties of CD I1 and CD I2. 相似文献
108.
高必需氨基酸转基因马铃薯的研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
80年代以来,马铃薯遗传转化系统日趋成熟,转基因工程植株已被广泛应用于基础科学研究[1]。作为食物蛋白和能量主要来源的马铃薯,提高其蛋白质含量及质量的遗传工程研究正受到人们的普遍关注[2]。Yang等[2]将旨在改善氨基酸平衡的CAT-HEAAE(氯酶素乙酰转移酶-高含量人体必需氨基酸)融合基因导入马铃薯,获得了Southernblot、Northernblot、Westernblot的证据,但尚缺少氨基酸分析的资料。玉米醇溶蛋白(zein)[3]是一个富含甲硫氨酸的贮存蛋白,它和人工合成的HE… 相似文献
109.
干旱和湿润生境下辽东栎群体遗传结构及其适应意义的初步研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
应用同工酶分析方法,测定北京市东灵山区两个分别代表干旱和湿润生境的辽东栋(QuercusliaotungensisKoiz.)群体的遗传结构。共分析统计了13 个酶系统30 个位点。结果表明:辽东栎群体内部存在丰富的遗传变异(多态位点百分率为86.6% ,等位基因平均数为2.25)。两群体遗传结构的相似性程度很高(D= 0.029, GST= 0.048);但在个别位点上仍存在较大差异,这些差异的产生可能与对小生境的适应有关。对不同年龄段的初步分析结果显示,基因频率的动态变化可能有其适应意义 相似文献
110.
杨树新品种叶肉原生质体培养和植株再生 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
从1 个月龄的NL-80106 杨(Populusdeltoides×P. sim onii)无菌苗叶片分离得到大量原生质体,纯化后其原生质体产量为4×107/g fr.w t. 纯化的原生质体在含2,4-D 2 m g/L、NAA 0.5 m g/L和KT 0.5 m g/L的KM8p 和MS培养基中进行高密度液体浅层培养,渗透势为0.40 m ol/L的KM8p 培养基中原生质体分裂频率最高. 培养第5 天观察到第一次细胞分裂,培养10 d 的分裂频率为4.5% ,12 周内可形成大量的细胞团和小愈伤组织. NL-80106杨叶肉原生质体在富含有机氮并以葡萄糖为碳源的培养基中具有较高的分裂频率和植板率.小愈伤组织在gelrite 固化的NLZ1 培养基上增殖生长,3 周后形成4—6 m m 结构紧密的鲜红色愈伤组织,转至NLF分化培养基,分化成苗率为100% . 待芽伸长到3 cm 时,从基部切下转至1/2 MS培养基上诱导生根,形成完整植株 相似文献