Evaluation of the prevalence and economic burden of adverse drug reactions presenting to the medical emergency department of a tertiary referral centre: a prospective study

Background  

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are now recognized as an important cause of hospital admissions, with a proportion ranging from 0.9–7.9%. They also constitute a significant economic burden. We thus aimed at determining the prevalence and the economic burden of ADRs presenting to Medical Emergency Department (ED) of a tertiary referral center in India     

疣柄牛肝菌属一中国新记录种

报道了采自内蒙古呼伦贝尔市的中国疣柄牛肝菌属1个新记录种,即假褐疣柄牛肝菌Leccinum pseudoscabrum(Kallenb.)utara.。主要特征为菌肉伤后变红到紫褐色,再到黑褐色,基部菌丝体手触后呈紫褐色;具泡状菌丝,呈栅栏状。比较和讨论了该种与相近种在伤后不同的变色反应及菌丝形态。研究标本存放于吉林农业大学菌物标本馆(HMJAU)。     

The hisC1 gene, encoding aromatic amino acid aminotransferase-1 in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7, expressed in wheat

Background and aims

Production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by Azospirillum brasilense is one of the most important mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects observed in plants after inoculation with this bacterium. This study determined the contribution of the hisC1 gene, which encodes aromatic amino acid aminotransferase-1 (AAT1), to IAA production, and analyzed its expression in the free-living state and in association with the roots of wheat.

Methods

We determined production of IAA and AAT activity in the mutant hisC::gusA-sm ^R . To study the expression of hisC1, a chromosomal gene fusion was analyzed by following β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity in vitro, in the presence of root exudates, and in association with roots.

Results

IAA production in the hisC mutant was not reduced significantly compared to the activity of the wild-type strain. AAT1 activity was reduced by 50% when tyrosine was used as the amino acid donor, whereas there was a 30% reduction when tryptophan was used, compared to the activity of the wild-type strain. Expression of the fusion protein was up-regulated in both logarithmic and stationary phases by several compounds, including IAA, tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenyl acetic acid. We observed the expression of hisC1 in bacteria associated with wheat roots. Root exudates of wheat and maize were able to stimulate hisC1 expression.

Conclusions

The expression data indicate that hisC1 is under a positive feedback control in the presence of root exudates and on plants, suggesting that AAT1 activity plays a role in Azospirillum–plant interactions.     

鞘氨醇-1-磷酸对人脐带间充质干细胞增殖及表面标记物表达的影响

鞘氨醇－1－磷酸（sphingosine－1 phosphate, S1P）是一种脂质信号分子,与细胞增殖、凋亡和迁移等有密切关系．本研究发现,S1P促进人脐带间充质干细胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, hUC－MSCs)增殖,但目前关于其作用信号通路及S1P对hUC－MSCs表面标记表达的影响尚不十分清楚．Real－time PCR检测hUC－MSCs中S1P受体mRNA表达情况,发现在hUC－MSCs中优势表达S1PR1 3,而S1PR4、S1PR5的表达很少．MTT法检测S1PR1/3拮抗剂VPC23019、S1PR2拮抗剂JTE013、S1PR3拮抗剂CAY10444、Gi蛋白抑制剂PTX和ERK抑制剂PD98059对S1P诱导hUC－MSCs增殖的影响．结果显示,VPC23019完全抑制S1P诱导的hUC MSCs增殖,JTE013对此没有明显影响,CAY10444部分抑制S1P诱导的hUC MSCs增殖,PTX、PD98059完全抑制S1P诱导hUC－MSCs增殖．进一步用Western印迹检测ERK1/2磷酸化水平揭示,S1P通过促进ERK1/2磷酸化进而促进hUC MSCs增殖．流式细胞术检测发现,S1P对hUC MSCs表面标记物(CD45、CD34、CD90、CD29、CD105、CD44、CD73、CD71)表达没有明显影响．本研究证明,S1P通过S1PR1/3、Gi偶联蛋白及ERK1/2信号通路促进hUC MSCs增殖,而对hUC MSCs表面标记物表达无明显影响．     

流式细胞术研究细胞凋亡的方法与技术

细胞发生凋亡时,会伴随着一系列形态学、生物化学及分子生物学性质的变化,包括细胞皱缩,核染色质凝聚,细胞膜通透性改变,Caspases激活,线粒体跨膜电位降低,膜磷酯酰丝氨酸外化,胞质Ca2+浓度升高,DNA片段化及含量变化等特点.应用流式细胞术进行细胞凋亡的研究,对于探讨胚胎发育、衰老以及研究肿瘤的发生、发展和转化等病理生理过程和病毒感染及免疫等具有十分重要的意义.本文就细胞凋亡的特征、基于细胞膜功能的流式细胞术检测方法和基于细胞器功能的流式细胞术检测方法等关键性问题进行了阐述.     

圆瓣姜花根茎挥发油的化学成分

利用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取圆瓣姜花根茎挥发油,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法对挥发油进行了分析,分离出60个峰,鉴定了其中的51种成分,所鉴定成分占挥发油总量的97.32%,其主要化学成分为单萜及倍半萜类化合物。     

大鼠子宫内膜异位模型的建立与组织学观察

目的为开发诊治子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMT)的新药研究提供理想的动物模型。方法取雌性未交配性成熟大鼠,术前雌激素诱导,麻醉开腹取部份右侧子宫,将内膜种植于左腹壁内,术后16周取出包块,进行组织形态学、组织化学观察。结果异位内膜在腹壁内生长,呈隆起囊状小包块,内有黏液,具有正常子宫内膜基本组织结构,囊腔较大。异位内膜中有糖原、RNA的存在。结论该手术方法建立的子宫异位内膜生长良好,术后一周就可摸及包块大小,为开发研究子宫内膜异位症的新药提供了方便。     

Combined Review: Experiencing the New Genetics: Family and Kinship on the Medical Frontier and Born and Bred: Idioms and New Reproductive Technologies in England

Experiencing the New Genetics: Family and Kinship on the Medical Frontier. Kaja Finkler. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. 296 pp.
Born and Bred: Idioms and New Reproductive Technologies in England. Jeanette Edwards. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. 264 pp.     

Gene and domain duplication in the chordate Otx gene family: insights from amphioxus Otx

We report the genomic organization and deduced protein sequence of a cephalochordate member of the Otx homeobox gene family (AmphiOtx) and show its probable single-copy state in the genome. We also present molecular phylogenetic analysis indicating that there was single ancestral Otx gene in the first chordates which was duplicated in the vertebrate lineage after it had split from the lineage leading to the cephalochordates. Duplication of a C-terminal protein domain has occurred specifically in the vertebrate lineage, strengthening the case for a single Otx gene in an ancestral chordate whose gene structure has been retained in an extant cephalochordate. Comparative analysis of protein sequences and published gene expression patterns suggest that the ancestral chordate Otx gene had roles in patterning the anterior mesendoderm and central nervous system. These roles were elaborated following Otx gene duplication in vertebrates, accompanied by regulatory and structural divergence, particularly of Otx1 descendant genes.