UU1、UU3和UU4致昆明小鼠下生殖道致病性的研究

目的:研究解脲脲原体(Ureaplasma Urealyticum,UU)的第1血清型(UU1)、第3血清型(UU3)和第4血清型(UU4)对昆明小鼠下生殖道的致病性。方法:将100只昆明小鼠随机分为5组:空白组、雌二醇组、UU1组、UU3组和UU4组,每组20只;空白组和雌二醇组为对照组,UU1组、UU3组和UU4组为实验组;雌二醇组和实验组雌二醇化后1周,将UU1、UU3和UU4分别接种至UU1、UU3和UU4组小鼠泌尿生殖道,将液体培养基接种至空白组和雌激素组。2周后检测各组小鼠泌尿生殖道的IL-8、SIgA、TNF-α并取小鼠子宫组织行病理检查。结果:实验组小鼠UU接种都获得成功。IL-8、SIgA、TNF-α检测结果显示:实验组和对照组比较有显著性差异;UU4组和UU1组及UU3组比较有显著性差异;空白组和雌二醇组比较无显著性差异;UU1组和UU3组比较无显著性差异。病理显示:UU1、UU3和UU4组昆明小鼠子宫组织有炎细胞浸润,UU4组小鼠宫颈病变更明显。对照组小鼠子宫未见明显改变。结论:UU1、UU3和UU4可能导致昆明小鼠下生殖道产生病理反应;UU4可能短期致病力更强。     

The bovine vitreous-derived lipid factor (bVLF) is a powerful inhibitor of retinal pigmented epithelial (hRPE) cell proliferation

Human retinal pigmented epithelial cell (hRPE) proliferation plays a significant role in various proliferative diseases associated to the retina that leads to loss of vision, such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy. In the current study, the role of the bovine vitreous lipid factor (bVLF) in hRPE cell proliferation has been investigated. bVLF is a bioactive lipid isolated from the bovine vitreous body with strong Ca(2+)-mobilizing activity in fibroblast. In the first approach, the effects of bVLF on Ca(2+)-mobilizing activity were investigated in hRPE. The results showed that bVLF induced, in a dose-dependent manner, a Ca(2+) mobilization from PA-sensitive intracellular stores [non-Ins(1,4,5)P(3)-sensitive stores], in which extracellular Ca(2+) participated. The increase in intracellular Ca(2+) was associated with a dose-dependent inhibiting effect on cell proliferation. At a dose of 10 microg/mL, bVLF caused a 26% or a 44% inhibition in hRPE cell proliferation during the 3- or the 6-day culture periods, respectively. These effects appear to be specific in hRPE cells, since EFGR-T17 fibroblast cells treated with equivalent amounts of bVLF did not show any inhibiting effects. This inhibitory action was not associated to apoptotic/necrotic processes. Furthermore, bVLF inhibited EGF-, bFGF-, IGF-I-, PDGF-, HGF- and VEGF-induced proliferation of the hRPE cells. Moreover, this inhibitory response was also observed in FBS-induced hRPE cell proliferation. bVLF, at a concentration of 10 microg/mL, induced 16% inhibition of proliferation during a culture period of 3 days. This inhibitory action was greater during the 6-day culture period, exceeding 40%. With regard to this action, the results showed that bVLF has a potent inhibitory effect on ERK1/2 activation, and plays a key role in the control of hRPE cell proliferation. These observations contribute to the knowledge of inhibitory factors responsible for keeping antiproliferative environment that preserve the RPE-associated activities in normal states. It advances the interesting possibility that this factor or a factor with characteristics common to bVLF might be involved in the pathogenesis of abnormal proliferative eye processes.     

Leptin, from fat to inflammation: old questions and new insights

Leptin is 16 kDa adipokine that links nutritional status with neuroendocrine and immune functions. Initially thought to be a satiety factor that regulates body weight by inhibiting food intake and stimulating energy expenditure, leptin is a pleiotropic hormone whose multiple effects include regulation of endocrine function, reproduction, and immunity. Leptin can be considered as a pro-inflammatory cytokine that belongs to the family of long-chain helical cytokines and has structural similarity with interleukin-6, prolactin, growth hormone, IL-12, IL-15, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and oncostatin M. Because of its dual nature as a hormone and cytokine, leptin links the neuroendocrine and the immune system. The role of leptin in the modulation of immune response and inflammation has recently become increasingly evident. The increase in leptin production that occurs during infection and inflammation strongly suggests that leptin is a part of the cytokine network which governs the inflammatory-immune response and the host defense mechanisms. Leptin plays an important role in inflammatory processes involving T cells and has been reported to modulate T-helper cells activity in the cellular immune response. Several studies have implicated leptin in the pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammatory conditions, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and intestinal inflammation. Very recently, a key role for leptin in osteoarthritis has been demonstrated: leptin indeed exhibits, in concert with other pro-inflammatory cytokines, a detrimental effect on articular cartilage by promoting nitric oxide synthesis in chondrocytes. Here, we review the recent advances regarding leptin biology with a special focus on those actions relevant to the role of leptin in the pathophysiology of inflammatory processes and immune responses.     

两种标记方法对60mer寡核苷酸芯片背景信号影响的初步分析

研究两种不同的样本标记方法对人全基因组高密度60mer寡核苷酸芯片背景信号的影响。收集5对患病与健康人外周血单个核细胞,分别提取总RNA后,采用限制性显示技术（restriction display,RD）进行样本双色（Cy3/Cy5）荧光标记,与5张Agilent 60mer高密度（22K）Human 1B寡核苷酸芯片进行杂交。芯片全部杂交点分3组：基因探针组、阳性对照组和阴性对照组。阳性对照采用荧光标记寡核苷酸直接掺入法进行标记。对全部杂交信号点的Cy3和Cy5背景信号值,用SPSS软件进行数据转换、正态性检验、方差齐性检验、变异系数分析和重复数据的方差分析。数据分析结果显示,Cy3 标记的背景信号值均高于 Cy5标记的背景信号值。重复测量数据的方差分析表明,在Cy3 和Cy5标记中,两种不同标记方法间的背景信号值的差异极显著（PCy3＜0.01, PCy5＜0.01）,且RD标记点的背景信号平均值低于荧光标记寡核苷酸直接掺入标记法标记的阳性对照点。RD标记方法是一种有用的低背景信号的高密度长链寡核苷酸芯片样本标记方法。     

药（毒）物对尸食性蝇类生长发育影响的研究进展

药（毒）物对尸食性蝇类生长发育影响是法医昆虫毒理学领域里一个十分重要的研究方向,其研究结果可对与药（毒）物相关死亡案件的死亡时间作出修正。随着近年来全球毒品及药物滥用情况的日趋严重,其所导致的死亡案件也越来越多。这类案件常常需要应用尸食性蝇类生长发育历期来推算死后经历时间（postmortem interval, PMI）。为了阐明该领域的研究进展以及未来研究的焦点和难点,本文在阐述法医昆虫毒理学概念和特点的基础上,按照不同的药（毒）物分类,对近年来药（毒）物对尸食性蝇类生长发育影响在国内外的研究进展进行了综述。研究表明,某些药（毒）物对尸食性蝇类生长发育具有一定的影响,且这种影响存在种属差异。目前,该领域的研究尚限于宏观现象观察阶段,其研究范围在不断拓宽,既有的研究也在进一步深化,但还有许多问题有待进一步探讨。     

相思子属三种药材中的氨基酸分析比较

利用全自动氨基酸分析仪和高效液相色谱仪分析比较相思子属三种药材中氨基酸成分及含量。结果9个样品都检测出17种氨基酸和2种色氨酸衍生物。结论:不同样品中的氨基酸含量有所差异,但其中门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、亮氨酸和赖氨酸的含量相对较高。     

斑马鱼心脏标志基因TNC多克隆抗体的制备及表达研究

TNC是心脏发育的标志基因,但该基因在斑马鱼中的表达尚未研究。斑马鱼TNC基因基因的开放阅读框含有5132bp,编码1710个氨基酸,采用生物信息学结合PCR的方法获得了斑马鱼TNC基因的片段。将所得的PCR片段插入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中,并将重组质粒（pGEX-4T-1-TNC）转化大肠杆菌BL21;通过IPTG诱导表达GST—TNC融合蛋白,通过尿素洗涤沉淀蛋白并切胶回收纯化融合蛋白,免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体。Western blot和免疫组化分析表明,制备的抗体具有良好的高效价性和特异性。利用该抗体进行斑马鱼胚胎抗体染色分析表明,TNC蛋白在心脏组织中特异表达。     

High prevalence of haemosporidians in Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus and Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus in Spain

Apicomplexan blood parasites (genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon) prevalence in two related species (Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus and Sedge Warbler A. schoenobaenus) was studied in 2006 at the Natural Reserve of Castronu?o-Vega del Duero, Western Spain, a stopover area during the autumn migration. A fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of the parasites was amplified, using a nested PCR assay, from avian blood samples. High prevalence of malaria parasites was found in both species, 84.6% in Reed Warbler and 71.8% in Sedge Warbler, and the degree of infection reach 100% of the population that breed at the Reserve, suggesting good conditions for the development of dipteran vectors in this area. By sequencing 464 nucleotides of the obtained fragments, we found four different mitochondrial haplotypes of Haemoproteus or Plasmodium in the two species analysed. Leucocytozoon infection was not detected, in contrast to the high prevalence of this parasite in other avian species in Spain, probably because the water course studied is not an adequate habitat for its vectors.     

Muscle tissue as an endocrine organ: comparative secretome profiling of slow-oxidative and fast-glycolytic rat muscle explants and its variation with exercise

The notion that skeletal muscle is a secretory organ capable to release proteins that can act locally in an autocrine/paracrine manner or even in an endocrine manner to communicate with distant tissues has now been recognized. Under this context, a new paradigm has arisen implicating the muscle in metabolism regulation. Considering the evidences that give exercise a protective role against illnesses associated to physical inactivity, it becomes of especial relevance to characterize muscle secreted proteins. In the present study we show for the first time the secretome characterization and the comparative 2-DE secretome analysis among fast-glycolytic (gastrocnemius) and slow-oxidative (soleus) rat muscle explants and its variation after exercise intervention. We have identified 19 differently secreted proteins when comparing soleus and gastrocnemius secretomes, and 10 in gastrocnemius and 17 in soleus distinctive secreted proteins after 1 week of endurance exercise training. Among identified proteins, DJ-1 was found to be more abundant in fast-glycolytic fiber secretomes. On the contrary, FABP-3 was elevated in slow-oxidative fiber secretomes, although its secretion from gastrocnemius muscle increased in exercised animals. These and other secreted proteins identified in this work may be considered as potential myokines.     

不同倍性香石竹杂交花粉管生长荧光显微观察及结实研究

以香石竹四倍体材料‘紫蝴蝶’(2n=4x=60)为母本,二倍体材料‘珍珠粉’和‘NH6’(2n=2x=30)为父本,利用荧光显微镜观察其授粉后花粉管生长情况,统计其座果率、亲和指数及种子萌发率,并对杂交后代进行倍性鉴定。结果表明,在‘紫蝴蝶’柱头上,‘珍珠粉’和‘NH6’的花粉2h开始萌发,花粉管多处出现胼胝质塞,且花柱组织出现胼胝质反应,4h花粉管到达柱头中部并出现胼胝质塞,6h花粉管到达柱头基部,17h柱头基部的花粉管增多,花粉管进入子房组织且子房组织出现胼胝质反应,17～24h花粉管能与胚珠结合,但结合率低;‘紫蝴蝶’ב珍珠粉’杂交未获得植株,‘紫蝴蝶’בNH6’杂交获得3株植株,染色体倍性鉴定表明3株植株均为四倍体,这可能是‘NH6’产生2n配子的缘故。