稻株上杀螟腈残留量的初步研究

本工作的试验结果表明杀螟腈是一种残效期短、基本上不污染稻株的低毒农药。它在田间自然环境条件下受外界气候环境影响,分解消失较快,特别是雨水冲刷更使它在水稻上的残留量剧降。但在室内控制条件下分解稍为缓慢。 田间药效试验指出,杀螟腈防治纵卷叶螟虽效果显著,但由于残效短,施药必需与害虫的发生关键时期紧密配合。     

金银花尺蠖一新种(鳞翅目:尺蛾科)

金银花Lonicera japonica Thunb.是药用植物,在山东、浙江等省种植很广,经济价值     

Role of abscisic acid in chilling tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. I. Endogenous abscisic acid levels

Changes of ABA levels in chilled rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings of two varieties were determined. On exposure to chilling, ABA concentration rapidly increased in the chilling-tolerant cultivar (cv. Tainung 67, TNG.67) but not in the chilling-sensitive cultivar (cv. Taichung Native 1, TN.1). Both detached shoots and roots of TNG.67 seedlings showed a significant ABA increase after exposure to chilling. TN.1 seedlings could not accumulate ABA under low temperature but well-watered status. Exogenous application of the ABA biosynthetic inhibitor, fluridone, reduced ABA accumulation, as well as survival ratio of chilled TNG.67 seedlings. Electrolyte leakage and leaf conductance were also increased by the inhibitor and the effects could be reversed by exogenously applied ABA. ABA concentrations in xylem sap of TNG.67 seedlings increased within 4 h after chilling, and this was temporally coincident with the reduction of leaf conductance. The roles of endogenous ABA in the tolerance of rice seedlings to chilling on a whole plant basis are discussed and suggested.     

鲤科鱼类鲈鲤的亚种分化和分布

鲈鲤属过去只记载1种、2亚种;整理后增加一新亚种,命名为后背鲈鲤Percocypris pingi retrodorslis subsp. nov. 本新亚种主要特征是背鳍后位,吻部及口裂较宽,触须发达,体色和斑纹较淡。健游和肉食是本属分化的主要倾向。性状—功能—适应三位一体,互相联系。其性状分化表现在:背鳍起点位置,体色花纹,触须长短,比例性状的差别,前上颌骨和下颌骨的形态等。综合比较结果:不同类群因适应不同环境,而形态产生不同;再从分布图可看出在水系和地域的联合上,牠们各占一方。鲈鲤占领金沙江水系,分布面最大;后背鲈鲤占领澜沧江和怒江部分上游干支流,次于鲈鲤;花鲈鲤见于抚仙湖和南盘江的个别地方,面积最小。物种分化是适应和占领环境的结果,各占一方是物种分化的证据。     

环境因子对笼养朱鹮自然繁殖的影响

2004年3~7月,在陕西省洋县对人工饲养条件下朱鹮(Nipponia nippon)的自然繁殖进行了研究。18对繁殖鸟的窝卵数平均为(3.10±0.54)枚,孵化率26.2%,育雏成功率64.7%。当笼舍面积低于某一阈值时,窝卵数与笼舍面积呈明显正相关(Pearson,r=0.591,P<0.01)。出壳数、出飞数均与巢距遮荫树的距离呈负相关(Pearson,r1=-0.674,P1<0.05;r2=-0.677,P2<0.05)。亲鸟的繁殖经验对繁殖成功率没有显著影响,营巢环境是影响自然繁殖成功率的重要因素。     

植物镁素营养的研究进展

总结近些年来有关镁素营养研究应用。详细综述植物对镁的吸收、镁在植物体内的分配与运输、镁的生理作用、植物体内镁与一些元素间的相互作用。     

Paternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in the sheep (Ovine aries)

Paternal inheritance of mitochondria DNA in sheep was discovered by examination of 152 sheep from 38 hybrid families for mtDNA D-loop polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP, amplification of repeated sequence somain, and PCR-SSCP of the D-loop 5′ end region of a 253 bp fragment. Our findings have provided the first evidence of paternal inheritance of mtDNA in sheep and possible mechanisms of paternal inheritance were discussed.     

Y-chromosome haplotype distribution in Han Chinese populations and modern human origin in East Asians

We investigated the distribution of Y-chromosome haplotype using 19 Y-SNPs in Han Chinese populations from 22 provinces of China. Our data indicate distinctive patterns of Y chromosome between southern and northern Han Chinese populations. The southern populations are much more polymorphic than northern populations. The latter has only a subset of the southern haplotypes. This result confirms the genetic difference observed between southern and northern ethnic populations in East Asia. It supports the hypothesis that the first settlement of modern humans of African origin occurred in the southern part of East Asia during the last Ice Age, and a northward migration led to the peopling of northern China.     

网络药理学和分子对接技术研究桑黄类真菌对疾病的潜在作用机制

桑黄类真菌是一类极具研究价值的药用真菌。近年来,对于桑黄类真菌的研究,多集中于对某一个物种的成分及药理活性的研究,系统比较桑黄类真菌中成分及药理活性的研究较少。本研究利用网络药理学和分子对接技术从理论上初步探讨了5种桑黄类真菌中化合物与疾病之间的分子作用机制。研究结果表明5种桑黄类真菌(栎木桑黄Sanghuangporus quercicola、鲍姆桑黄Sanghuangporus baumii、粗毛纤孔菌Inonotus hispidus、裂蹄木层孔菌Tropicorus linteus、黑盖木层孔菌Phellinus nigrians)中的39种有效成分,对应潜在靶点588个。KEGG通路富集筛选得到165条通路,分析结果发现这39种化合物的靶点主要分布在与炎症、糖尿病、肝癌、阿尔茨海默病和衰老相关的信号通路上。筛选出桑黄类真菌中抗病的潜在靶点共486个,构建抗病靶点的蛋白互作(PPI)网络,并筛选出LCK、STAT3、PTPN11、STAT1、STAT5B、MAPK1、JAK1、MAPK3、JAK3和JAK2作为关键靶点,构建5种桑黄类真菌-化合物-关键靶点-5种疾病的网络互作图,并进行分子对接验证。筛选出的桑黄类真菌中的12个有效成分均可与这些关键靶点产生相互作用,其中酚类化合物居多,此外二萜类化合物异海松酸与MAPK1结合能力最强。因此,5种桑黄类真菌可以通过多种化合物、多种靶点和多种途径起到抗病的作用,本研究为探索桑黄类真菌治疗和预防疾病潜在机制提供了理论基础。     

硝基精氨酸抑制巨噬细胞内一氧化氮合成的研究

运用体外分离培养方法,研究硝基精氨酸(N^ω-nitro-L-arginine,L-NNA)抑制巨噬细胞内诱生性一氧化氮合成.发现L-NNA能抑制一氧化氮的合成,而且在一定的范围内,其抑制作用随L-NNA作用剂量的增大而增强;在培养体系中加入L-精氨酸能够逆转这种抑制作用.说明L-NNA可能通过竞争性地与诱生型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)活性位点结合,抑制巨噬细胞内的一氧化氮合成.