全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4758篇 |
免费 | 312篇 |
国内免费 | 300篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 56篇 |
2022年 | 64篇 |
2021年 | 269篇 |
2020年 | 200篇 |
2019年 | 214篇 |
2018年 | 169篇 |
2017年 | 136篇 |
2016年 | 223篇 |
2015年 | 325篇 |
2014年 | 340篇 |
2013年 | 367篇 |
2012年 | 501篇 |
2011年 | 402篇 |
2010年 | 231篇 |
2009年 | 229篇 |
2008年 | 235篇 |
2007年 | 189篇 |
2006年 | 174篇 |
2005年 | 136篇 |
2004年 | 110篇 |
2003年 | 98篇 |
2002年 | 103篇 |
2001年 | 85篇 |
2000年 | 75篇 |
1999年 | 69篇 |
1998年 | 42篇 |
1997年 | 40篇 |
1996年 | 35篇 |
1995年 | 42篇 |
1994年 | 39篇 |
1993年 | 24篇 |
1992年 | 30篇 |
1991年 | 33篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有5370条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
991.
992.
Deep phylogeographic divergence of a migratory passerine in Sino‐Himalayan and Siberian forests: the Red‐flanked Bluetail (Tarsiger cyanurus) complex 下载免费PDF全文
Qing Chang Yang Liu Xiaojun Yang Zhengwang Zhang Min Zhang Qiang Zhang Fasheng Zou 《Ecology and evolution》2014,4(7):977-986
Enormous mountainous forests in Sino‐Himalayans and Siberia harbor important avian biodiversity in the Northern Hemisphere. Numerous studies in last two decades have been contributed to systematics and taxonomy of passerines birds in these regions and have revealed various and complex phylogeographic patterns. A passerine species Red‐flanked Bluetail Tarsiger cyanurus provided a good system to manifest such evolutionary complexity. The subspecies T. c. cyanurus and T. c. rufilatus (or/and T. c. pallidior), divergent in morphology, acoustics, and migratory strategies are allopatric in Siberia and Sino‐Himalayan forests, respectively. The two taxa most likely deserve full species status but rigorous genetic analysis is missing. In this study, multilocus phylogeography based on mitochondrial DNA and Z‐linked DNA reveals that T. c. cyanurus and T. c. rufilatus are reciprocally monophyletic with significant statistical support and differ with a large number of diagnostic nucleotide sites resulting substantial genetic divergence. Our finding supports the proposed split of Tarsiger cyanurus s.l. that T. cyanurus and T. rufilatus should be treated as two full species. Whether “pallidior” is a subspecies or geographical form of T. rufilatus is still uncertain. Additionally, these two forest passerine species may have diverged 1.88 (3.25–1.30) Mya, which might be shaped by geographical vicariance due to grassland and desert steppe on the central Loess Plateau during the Pliocene. Taken together, this study and further suggests another independent example of North Palearctic–Sino‐Himalayan phylogeographic pattern in Palearctic birds. 相似文献
993.
994.
995.
Yan Zou Le Pan Yi Shen Xiang Wang Chenxing Huang Hao Wang Xuejuan Jin Chao Yin Ying Wang Jianguo Jia Juying Qian Yunzeng Zou Hui Gong Junbo Ge 《Cell death & disease》2021,12(10)
Progressive cardiac fibrosis accelerates the development of heart failure. Here, we aimed to explore serum Wnt5a and Wnt11 levels in hypertension patients, the roles of Wnt5a and Wnt11 in cardiac fibrosis and potential mechanisms under pressure overload. The pressure overload mouse model was built by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Cardiac fibrosis was analyzed by Masson’s staining. Serum Wnt5a or Wnt11 was elevated and associated with diastolic dysfunction in hypertension patients. TAC enhanced the expression and secretion of Wnt5a or Wnt11 from cardiomyocytes (CMs), cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), and cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). Knockdown of Wnt5a and Wnt11 greatly improved cardiac fibrosis and function at 4 weeks after TAC. In vitro, shWnt5a or shWnt11 lentivirus transfection inhibited pro-fibrotic effects in CFs under mechanical stretch (MS). Similarly, conditional medium from stretched-CMs transfected with shWnt5a or shWnt11 lentivirus significantly suppressed the pro-fibrotic effects induced by conditional medium from stretched-CMs. These data suggested that CMs- or CFs-derived Wnt5a or Wnt11 showed a pro-fibrotic effect under pressure overload. In vitro, exogenous Wnt5a or Wnt11 activated ERK and p38 (fibrotic-related signaling) pathway, promoted the phosphorylation of EGFR, and increased the expression of Frizzled 5 (FZD5) in CFs. Inhibition or knockdown of EGFR greatly attenuated the increased FZD5, p-p38, and p-ERK levels, and the pro-fibrotic effect induced by Wnt5a or Wnt11 in CFs. Si-FZD5 transfection suppressed the increased p-EGFR level, and the fibrotic-related effects in CFs treated with Wnt5a or Wnt11. In conclusion, pressure overload enhances the secretion of Wnt5a or Wnt11 from CMs and CFs which promotes cardiac fibrosis by activation the crosstalk of FZD5 and EGFR. Thus, Wnt5a or Wnt11 may be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of cardiac fibrosis under pressure overload.Subject terms: Heart failure, Translational research 相似文献
996.
The effects of bioaugmentation with a pentachlorophenol (PCP)-adapted consortium and biostimulation with glucose as a carbon source on anaerobic bioremediation of PCP-contaminated soil were investigated in terms of the initial PCP removal rate and the extent of PCP dechlorination and mineralization. Samples from two PCP-contaminated sites were prepared, put into a series of Hungate tubes, inoculated, and fed under different conditions. Chlorophenols in the tubes were monitored over a 4-month period to measure PCP transformation in the soil. In less contaminated soil (10 mg PCP/kg soil), it was found that biostimulation with glucose at 1 g/kg soil or bioaugmentation at 0.14 g volatile suspended solids (VSS)/kg soil could greatly improve PCP degradation. The best PCP degradation was obtained when both bioaugmentation and biostimulation were applied, but higher levels of glucose (2 g/kg soil) or inoculum (0.56 g VSS/kg soil) had little additional effect. The highest initial PCP-removal rate reached 8.1 μmol/kg soil-d, which is almost 20 times greater than in the unamended controls. PCP was dechlorinated to lesser chlorinated phenols with 0.6 chlorine remaining on average, and the extent of mineralization approached 70% in 4 months. In highly PCP-contaminated soil (90 mg PCP/kg soil), PCP degradation was partially inhibited, but the relative effects of augmentation, stimulation, and combined treatments were the same as in the less contaminated soil. 相似文献
997.
K Zou H Muramatsu S Ikematsu S Sakuma R H Salama T Shinomura K Kimata T Muramatsu 《European journal of biochemistry》2000,267(13):4046-4053
Midkine is a heparin-binding growth factor with survival-promoting and migration-enhancing activities. In order to understand the regulation of midkine signaling, we isolated midkine-binding proteoglycans from day 13 mouse embryos, when midkine is intensely expressed. Deglycosylation followed by SDS/PAGE revealed various protein bands; one of these was identified as PG-M/versican by in gel trypsin digestion and sequencing the resulting peptides. PG-M/versican isolated from day 13 mouse embryos bound midkine with a Kd of 1.0 nM. Pleiotrophin/heparin-binding growth-associated molecule, which has a structure related to midkine, was also bound similarly. Digestion with chondroitinase ABC, AC-I or B abolished the binding to midkine. Heparin as well as chondroitin sulfate D and E inhibited the binding. After chondroitinase ABC digestion, the midkine-binding PG-M/versican released 4-sulfated, 6-sulfated, 2, 6-disulfated and 4,6-disulfated unsaturated disaccharides. These results suggest that midkine binds to a polysulfated domain in the chondroitin sulfate chain with a region of dermatan sulfate structure. This proteoglycan may modulate the midkine activity, as binding to midkine can enhance midkine action by concentrating it to the cell periphery or inhibit the action by competing with the binding to a signaling receptor. 相似文献
998.
用染料修饰吐温80液—固萃取体系从猪心肌匀浆液中分离纯化心肌黄酶 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用三嗪类染料 Cibacron Blue F3G-A修饰的吐温80,与吐温80、硫酸被构成液-固萃取体系,从猪心肌匀浆液中分离纯化心肌黄酶。研究了吐温80染料修饰物在吐温80相中所占的比例、分相盐浓度、溶液的酸度、匀浆液的加入量等对匀浆液中酶及杂蛋白在两相中分配的影响。在室温条件下,酶选择性地进入吐温80固相,杂蛋白主要留在盐水相。匀浆液中心肌黄酶的酶活力平均收得率为81.4%,一步纯化倍数为6.6。降低盐浓度,提高盐水相酸度,能使酶从吐温80固相反萃到盐水相。 相似文献
999.
用一种改进的电泳方法测定抗冻蛋白的分子量 总被引:16,自引:2,他引:14
针对抗冻蛋白分子量较小的特点,该文采用了一种改进的Tricine-SDS-PAGE法测定其分子量。采用三层胶系统并在电极缓冲液中以Tricine代替Glycine。 相似文献
1000.
致癌基因ras编码的RAS蛋白参与了多种细胞因子调控的有丝分裂过程。抗RAS抗体能抑制细胞正常的有丝分裂。ras基因转化的成纤维细胞NIH3T3还具有在无血清和生长因子刺激下自发完成细胞周期的能力。在这种细胞中有活性氧的生成,抗氧化剂能抑制该细胞的有丝分裂。RAS蛋白在有丝分裂的信号转导中参与了多条途径,是信号转导的重要组织者 相似文献