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排序方式: 共有508条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
de Koning-Ward TF Olivieri A Bertuccini L Hood A Silvestrini F Charvalias K Berzosa Díaz P Camarda G McElwain TF Papenfuss T Healer J Baldassarri L Crabb BS Alano P Ranford-Cartwright LC 《Molecular microbiology》2008,67(2):278-290
Osmiophilic bodies are membrane-bound vesicles, found predominantly in Plasmodium female gametocytes, that become progressively more abundant as the gametocyte reaches full maturity. These vesicles lie beneath the subpellicular membrane of the gametocyte, and the release of their contents into the parasitophorous vacuole has been postulated to aid in the escape of gametocytes from the erythrocyte after ingestion by the mosquito. Currently, the only protein known to be associated with osmiophilic bodies in Plasmodium falciparum is Pfg377, a gametocyte-specific protein expressed at the onset of osmiophilic body development. Here we show by targeted gene disruption that Pfg377 plays a fundamental role in the formation of these organelles, and that female gametocytes lacking the full complement of osmiophilic bodies are significantly less efficient both in vitro and in vivo in their emergence from the erythrocytes upon induction of gametogenesis, a process whose timing is critical for fertilization with the short-lived male gamete. This reduced efficiency of emergence explains the significant defect in oocyst formation in mosquitoes fed blood meals containing Pfg377-negative gametocytes, resulting in an almost complete blockade of infection. 相似文献
62.
Jason C Gallegly Nicole A Turesky Beau A Strotman Cathy M Gurley Charlotte A Peterson Esther E Dupont-Versteegden 《Journal of applied physiology》2004,97(3):1082-1090
Muscle mass is decreased with advancing age, likely due to altered regulation of muscle fiber size. This study was designed to investigate cellular mechanisms contributing to this process. Analysis of male Fischer 344 X Brown Norway rats at 6, 20, and 32 mo of age demonstrated that, even though significant atrophy had occurred in soleus muscle by old age, myofiber nuclear number did not change, resulting in a decreased myonuclear domain. Also, the number of centrally located nuclei was significantly elevated in soleus muscle of 32-mo-old rats, correlating with an increase in gene expression of MyoD and myogenin. Whereas total 5'-bromo-2'deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive nuclei were decreased at older ages, BrdU-positive myofiber nuclei were increased. These results suggest that, with age, loss of muscle mass is accompanied by increased myofiber nuclear density that involves fusion of proliferative satellite cells, resembling ongoing regeneration. Interestingly, centrally located myofiber nuclei were not BrdU labeled. Rats were subjected to hindlimb suspension (HS) for 7 or 14 days and intermittent reloading during HS for 1 h each day (IR) to investigate how aging affects the response of soleus muscle to disuse and an atrophy-reducing intervention. After 14 days of HS, soleus muscle size was decreased to a similar extent at all three ages. However, myofiber nuclear number and the total number of BrdU-positive nuclei decreased with HS only in the young rats. IR was associated with an attenuation of atrophy in soleus muscles of 6- and 20- but not 32-mo-old rats. Furthermore, IR was associated with an increase in BrdU-positive myofiber nuclei only in young rats. These data indicate that altered satellite cell function with age contributes to the impaired response of soleus muscle to an intervention that attenuates muscle atrophy in young animals during imposed disuse. 相似文献
63.
Preference and performance of a gall-inducing sawfly: plant vigor, sex, gall traits and phenology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Four hypotheses regarding the role of predation in the population dynamics of eruptive small mammal communities were tested using the small mammal assemblage found in mixed forests in New Zealand. Large-scale (750 ha) predator removal was conducted, targeting stoats ( Mustela erminea ). House mouse ( Mus musculus ) and ship rat ( Rattus rattus ) population dynamics during an eruption were compared in areas with and without predator reduction. The success of predator reduction was measured by comparing live-capture rates of predators on treatment and non-treatment areas, and by recruitment rates of the threatened northern brown kiwi ( Apteryx australis mantelli ). Overall, predator reduction was successful, although there was a continual low rate of reinvasion. The predictions and results were that 1) Predators can slow but not prevent a population eruption. Supported: Populations of mice and rats erupted to high densities in areas with and without predator reduction, following synchronous southern beech ( Nothofagus spp.) seeding. 2) Predators cannot truncate peak prey population size. Supported: Peak densities of mice and rats were not significantly different between treatment and non-treatment areas. 3) Predators can hasten the rate of decline in prey populations during the crash phase. Not supported: There was evidence of populations of mice and rats declining slower in areas with predators removed, but none of the trends were significant. 4) Predators can limit low-phase prey populations. Equivocal: Populations of rats in beech forest, and population of mice and rats in coastline habitats were significantly higher in areas with predators removed, but were not significantly different in tawa-podocarp forest. Therefore, the role of food in driving the early stages of the mouse and rat eruption was demonstrated, but the role of predation in the decline and low phases is unclear. 相似文献
64.
Eric Wolfgang Amadeus Mulder 《Pal?ontologische Zeitschrift》1990,64(1-2):145-151
An elasmosaurian tooth is described and figured from the St. Pietersberg near Maastricht (Netherlands), well-known for its classical mosasaur finds. The tooth shows lingually a remarkable grinding trace. The preserved sediment allowed a determination of the stratigraphical position by analysis of bioclasts. 相似文献
65.
Satoshi Hirohata Lauren W Wang Masaru Miyagi Lin Yan Michael F Seldin Douglas R Keene John W Crabb Suneel S Apte 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2002,277(14):12182-12189
Punctin (ADAMTSL-1) is a secreted molecule resembling members of the ADAMTS family of proteases. Punctin lacks the pro-metalloprotease and the disintegrin-like domain typical of this family but contains other ADAMTS domains in precise order including four thrombospondin type I repeats. Punctin is the product of a distinct gene on human chromosome 9p21-22 and mouse chromosome 4 that is expressed in adult skeletal muscle. His-tagged punctin expressed in stably transfected High-Five(TM) insect cells was purified to apparent homogeneity by Ni-chromatography of conditioned medium. The NH(2) terminus is not blocked and has the sequence EEDRD and so forth as determined by Edman degradation, demonstrating signal peptidase processing. Recombinant epitope-tagged punctin has a calculated mass of 59,991 Da but exhibits major molecular species of 61970 +/- 6 Da and 62131 +/- 5 Da as measured by liquid chromatography electrospray mass spectrometry. Punctin is a glycoprotein based on carbohydrate staining and liquid chromatography electrospray mass spectrometry glycopeptide analysis. Glycosylation occurs at a single N-linked site as demonstrated by altered electrophoretic migration of punctin expressed in the presence of tunicamycin A. Punctin contains disulfide bonds based on antibody accessibility and electrophoretic migration under reducing versus nonreducing conditions. Rotary shadowing demonstrates that punctin is hatchet-shaped having a globular region attached to a short stem. In transfected COS-1 cells, punctin is deposited in the cell substratum in a punctate fashion and is excluded from focal contacts. Punctin is the first member of a novel family of ADAMTS-like proteins that may have important functions in the extracellular matrix. 相似文献
66.
Stephan J. Linke Andreas Frings Ling Ren Amadeus Gomolka Udo Schumacher Rudolph Reimer Nils-Owe Hansen Nathan Jowett Gisbert Richard R. J. Dwayne Miller 《PloS one》2015,10(3)
The impact of using a Femtosecond laser on final functional results of penetrating keratoplasty is low. The corneal incisions presented here result from laser ablations with ultrafast desorption by impulsive vibrational excitation (DIVE). The results of the current study are based on the first proof-of-principle experiments using a mobile, newly introduced picosecond infrared laser system, and indicate that wavelengths in the mid-infrared range centered at 3 μm are efficient for obtaining applanation-free deep cuts on porcine corneas. 相似文献
67.
Localization of the gene encoding insulin-degrading enzyme to human chromosome 10, bands q23----q25.
R Espinosa R S Lemons R K Perlman W L Kuo M R Rosner M M Le Beau 《Cytogenetics and cell genetics》1991,57(4):184-186
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a cytosolic proteinase involved in the cellular processing of insulin. Using somatic cell hybrid analysis and in situ chromosomal hybridization, we have localized the gene encoding IDE to human chromosome 10, bands q23----q25. The murine Ide gene was previously mapped to Chromosome 19; together, these results suggest that the IDE gene is a member of a conserved syntenic group on human chromosome 10, bands q23----q25 and mouse Chromosome 19. 相似文献
68.
A long-range restriction map of the interleukin-4 and interleukin-5 linkage group on chromosome 5 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The genes for two of the hematopoietic growth factors, interleukin-4 and interleukin-5, are located on a small segment of chromosome 5 (q23-31), which is frequently deleted in myeloid disorders. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, we demonstrate physical linkage of these two genes and present a long-range restriction map of the locus. The two genes are closely linked (maximum separation, 310 kb) and appear to be separated by an HTF island. We were unable to physically link these genes to two other closely related hematopoietic growth factor genes, interleukin-3 and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, which also map to this region of the genome. The clustering of these and other growth-related genes suggests that a higher order of genetic organization exists in this region of the chromosome. 相似文献
69.
It is theoretically analysed whether the structural design of ATP-producing pathways, in particular the design of glycolysis,
may be explained by optimization principles. On the basis of kinetic and thermodynamic principles conclusions are derived
concerning the stoichiometry of these pathways in states of high ATP production rates. One of the extensions to previous investigations
is that the concentrations of the adenine nucleotides are taken into account as variable quantities. This necessitates the
consideration of an interaction of the ATP-producing system I with an external ATP-consuming system II. A great variety of
pathways is studied which differ in the number and location of ATP-consuming reactions, ATP-producing reactions and reactions
involving inorganic phosphate. The corresponding number of possible pathways may be calculated in an explicit manner as a
function of the number of those reactions which do not couple to ATP or inorganic phosphate. The kinetics of the individual
reactions are described by linear or bilinear functions of reactant concentrations and all rate equations are expressed in
terms of equilibrium constants and characteristic times. A thermodynamical analysis of the two coupled systems yields upper
and lower limits for the concentration of ATP and an explicit expression for the maximal difference between the number of
ATP-producing and ATP-consuming reactions of system I. The following results of the optimization are obtained. (i) The ATP
production rate always increases if the ATP-producing reactions as well as those reactions characterized by an uptake of inorganic
phosphate are shifted as far as possible towards the end of system I. (ii) Explicit conditions for the optimal location of
the ATP-consuming reactions are presented. The results are discussed in the context of characteristic times as well as in
terms of enzyme kinetic parameters. (iii) For two sets of characteristic times the resulting stoichiometries and their corresponding
steady-state fluxes are investigated in detail. One of these stoichiometries shows a close correspondence to contemporary
standard glycolysis. (iv) It is shown that most possible pathways result in a very low steady-state flux, that is, the optimal
stoichiometry is characterized by a significant selective advantage. (v) The standard free energy profile of a pathway with
an optimal stoichiometry is discussed. It differs significantly from the free energy profiles of nonoptimized pathways. 相似文献
70.
Purification of a major membrane protein of Toxoplasma gondii by immunoabsorption with a monoclonal antibody 总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28
L H Kasper J H Crabb E R Pfefferkorn 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1983,130(5):2407-2412
The principal iodinatable surface protein (P30) of our cloned RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii has an apparent molecular weight of 30,000, as measured by acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate under reducing conditions. Monoclonal antibody B specifically immunoprecipitated protein P30 from a detergent extract of surface radioiodinated T. gondii. Monoclonal antibody B in the presence of complement was also parasiticidal for T. gondii, and this parasiticidal effect could be blocked by protein P30. Monoclonal antibody B was purified from mouse ascitic fluid and linked to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose. The resulting immunoabsorbent was used to purify 1.7 mg of protein P30 from a large number of parasites. The efficiency of recovery of protein P30 was measured by assays of radioactivity and of parasiticidal blocking activity. Protein P30 represented 3 to 5% of the total protein. It is also present in a recently isolated strain of T. gondii. A convalescent human antitoxoplasma serum immunoprecipitated radiolabeled protein P30. Three convalescent antisera when quantitated by an ELISA test had a high anti-protein P30 titer. Charge shift electrophoresis showed that protein P30 has an extensive hydrophobic region and thus is probably an integral membrane protein. Electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions showed no evidence that protein P30 exists as a disulfide linked homo- or heterodimer, although it probably has intramolecular disulfide bonds. 相似文献