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排序方式: 共有268条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
Sara OLIVáN Ana Cristina CALVO Amaya RANDO María Jesús MU?OZ Pilar ZARAGOZA Rosario OSTA 《Experimental Animals》2015,64(2):147-153
In preclinical trials, a sensitive functional test is required to detect changes in the
motor behaviour of the SOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We
evaluated changes in body weight and motor impairment in behavioural tests, such as the
rotarod, the hanging-wire test and the treadmill, of transgenic and wild type mice. We
found differences in detection of the onset of symptoms and progression of the disease
between the different tests assessed. Moreover, the data showed significant gender
differences in the motor behaviour of this mouse model. The rotarod and the hanging-wire
test were more sensitive to detect early motor impairment. Moreover, the results suggested
that the rotarod and hanging-wire became the most accurate tests rather than treadmill to
characterise the ALS disease phenotype. 相似文献
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63.
Engel T Gomez-Villafuertes R Tanaka K Mesuret G Sanz-Rodriguez A Garcia-Huerta P Miras-Portugal MT Henshall DC Diaz-Hernandez M 《FASEB journal》2012,26(4):1616-1628
Prolonged seizures [status epilepticus (SE)] constitute a neurological emergency that can permanently damage the brain. SE results from a failure of the normal mechanisms to terminate seizures; in particular, γ-amino butyric acid-mediated inhibition, and benzodiazepine anticonvulsants are often incompletely effective. ATP acts as a fast neurotransmitter via ionotropic ligand-gated P2X receptors. Here we report that SE induced by intra-amygdala kainic acid in mice selectively increased hippocampal levels of P2X7 receptors relative to other P2X receptors. Using transgenic P2X7 reporter mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein, we identify dentate granule neurons as the major cell population transcribing the P2X7 receptor after SE. Pretreatment of mice with an intracerebroventricular microinjection of 1.75 nmol A438079, a P2X7 receptor antagonist, reduced seizure duration by 58% and reduced seizure-induced neuronal death by 61%. Injection of brilliant blue G (1 pmol), another selective antagonist, reduced seizure duration by 48% and was also neuroprotective. A438079 was seizure-suppressive when injected shortly after induction of SE, and coinjection of A438079 with lorazepam 60 min after triggering SE, when electrographic seizure-responsiveness to lorazepam had decreased, also terminated SE. Our results suggest that P2X7 receptor antagonists may be a promising class of drug for seizure abrogation and neuroprotection in SE. 相似文献
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65.
Roberto Fraile Ana Isabel Calvo Amaya Castro Delia Fernández-González Eduardo García-Ortega 《Aerobiologia》2006,22(1):35-45
Long-range transport of gases and aerosols depends on vertical and horizontal air shifts: studies on atmospheric transport
have to be based on the meteorological conditions of the environment. The aim of this paper is to review the physical principles
on which meteorological models are based, and to make an exhaustive inventory of the main models used for the prognosis and
diagnosis of air masses and a list of the long-range transport models associated to them. URL addresses are provided for all
of these models to allow the reader to check their usefulness. A practical application is included with reference to trajectories
followed by air masses that reach the Iberian Peninsula at various altitudes, depending on the synoptic meteorological situation.
Further examples describe air masses entering Europe with desert dust from Africa. This dust may eventually develop into freezing
nuclei and form hailstones in summer storms. 相似文献
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Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling has been implicated during several phases of early embryogenesis, including the patterning of the embryonic axes, the induction and/or maintenance of several cell lineages and the coordination of morphogenetic movements. Here, we summarise our current understanding of the regulation and roles of FGF signalling during early vertebrate development. 相似文献
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Puig-Kröger A Serrano-Gómez D Caparrós E Domínguez-Soto A Relloso M Colmenares M Martínez-Muñoz L Longo N Sánchez-Sánchez N Rincon M Rivas L Sánchez-Mateos P Fernández-Ruiz E Corbí AL 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2004,279(24):25680-25688
Dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) is a type II C-type lectin that functions as an adhesion receptor and mediates binding and internalization of pathogens such as virus (human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C), bacteria (Mycobacterium), fungi, and parasites. DC-SIGN expression in vivo is primarily restricted to interstitial dendritic cells (DC) and certain tissue macrophages. We now report that leukemic THP-1 cells, widely used as a model for monocyte-macrophage differentiation, express very low basal levels of DC-SIGN and that DC-SIGN expression in THP-1 cells is regulated during differentiation. Differentiation-inducing agents (phorbol ester, bryostatin) conveyed THP-1 cells with the ability to up-regulate DC-SIGN mRNA levels and cell surface expression in response to interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-13. DC-SIGN up-regulation required a functional JAK-STAT signaling pathway, was inhibited in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and conferred THP-1 cells with increased pathogen recognition and T cell stimulatory capabilities. The up-regulation of DC-SIGN on THP-1 cells resembles its inducible expression on monocytes and macrophages, where DC-SIGN expression is also induced by IL-4/IL-13 and negatively regulated by TNF-alpha, LPS, and vitamin D(3). These results point to THP-1 cells as a useful cellular system to characterize the pathogen-binding capabilities of DC-SIGN and to dissect the molecular mechanisms that control its regulated and tissue-specific expression in myeloid dendritic cells, and the results suggest that DC-SIGN constitutes a marker for both DC and alternatively activated macrophages. 相似文献
70.