在AppleⅡ型微机上实现核酸数据处理的工作程序

本文报道了在AppleⅡ型微机上实现核酸数据处理的一系列工作程序。应用这些程序,可进行核酸数据的贮存、对指定的核酸数据结构的改造、限制性内切酶识别位点的检索、核酸序列至蛋白序列的翻译、相关核酸序列及蛋白序列的同源性比较、氨基酸密码使用频率的统计和基因的启动子结构的初步探索等方面的工作。     

水螅的肌纤维与运动

水螅属于腔肠动物,它们在动物界的演化上处于两胚层、辐射对称、有初步组织分化、无器官系统的阶段。从腔肠动物起,开始进入了真后生动物(Eumetazoa)。淡水生活的水螅较之海产水螅虫、水母和海葵等其他腔肠动物,在组织结构上更为简单、原始。它们是附着生活、但也有着各种较为简单的运动方式,如摆动、捕食、吞咽、滑动、翻筋斗等。其他如水母伞体的收缩,在水中游动,就更复杂些。甚至有人报道一些海葵可以使附着的足盘脱离外物,而进行极缓慢地爬行,这是一种极复杂的运动方式。     

康氏木霉AS3.4001 纤维素酶系的研究

康氏木霉白色变异株AS 3.4001的纤维素酶系经系列分离纯化,获得6个聚丙烯酰安凝胶电泳均一的组分(组分I-V及β一葡萄糖苷酶)。组分1能单独作用于天然纤维素棉花,水解不溶性纤维素,如滤纸、纤维素粉及磷酸膨张纤维素较可溶性纤维素羧甲基纤维素钠 CMC-Na)更为容易,水解产物为纤维二糖及痕迹量葡萄糖。     

地鼠结肠炎模型中难辨梭状芽孢杆菌的分离及其细胞毒素的测定

在建立地鼠结肠炎模型的研究中,进行了地鼠盲肠内容物中难辨援状芽孢杆菌(Clostri-dium difficile)的分离、鉴定及其毒素的测定。儿种选择培养基的比较结果表明,环丝氨酸一噻孢习丁血琼脂分离阳性率最高。根据菌落及镜下形态、对氧敏感性、生化反应、抗生素敏感试验等结果证明分离物为棱状芽孢杆菌。用地鼠肾细胞培养物证明大部分病鼠盲肠内容物中含有该菌的细胞毒素,该毒索可被索氏梭状芽孢杆菌(Clostrtdium sordellii)的抗毒素所中和。     

红色角毛虫的形态学和形态发生过程的研究

观察并描述了上海采集到的红色角毛虫的形态结构和形态发生过程。发现形态发生时虫体分别于前、后两个区域发生前、后两个口围带原基,并且由同一个体分裂而成的前,后两个仔虫内,额、腹、横棘毛和缘棘毛的分化并不完全相同,以至造成两个仔虫上棘毛的数目和缘棘毛的列数有明显差异。根据红色角毛虫的形态结构及其形态发生中的一些不够稳定的特点,推测它可能是一种还处于分化中的腹毛类纤毛虫。     

Phosphate Transport across the Plasma Membrane of Wheat Leaf Protoplasts: Characteristics and Inhibitor Specificities

The kinetics and inhibitor specificities of phosphate transport across the plasma membrane of wheat leaf mesophyll protoplasts have been examined. Studies were also carried out on the effects of light and pH on phosphate transport and the plasma membrane electropotential. At pH 5.8 (30°C), protoplasts accumulated phosphate at the rate of 3.9 ± 0.2 nanomoles per milligram protein per hour. Phosphate uptake rates and inhibitor specificities for the leaf cell plasma membrane phosphate transporter were qualitatively similar to those observed with root protoplasts. Neither picrylsulfonic acid, or p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate affected phosphate uptake significantly at 0.1 millimolar. Of all compounds tested, carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxy phenylhydrazone was the most effective inhibitor of phosphate uptake (60% at 0.1 millimolar). Tribenzylphosphate inhibited uptake by 34% while dibenzylphosphate had no effect. The plasma membrane electropotential was found to be −37 ± 3 millivolts. Initiation of photosynthesis lowered the membrane potential to −39 ± 3 millivolts. Inhibition of phosphate uptake by 34% with the substrate analog tribenzylphosphate resulted in a measured membrane potential of −33 ± 3 millivolts. These changes in potential were not significant at the 5% probability level. Phosphate uptake rates remained constant under photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic conditions. The utility of tribenzylphosphate as an inhibitor in plant systems is demonstrated.     

两种厌氧培养法对人粪中某些厌氧菌分离结果的比较

肠道正常菌群是一个复杂的生态系统,人和动物在出生不久,肠道就有微生物定居。有的微生物是常住菌,另一些微生物是过路菌。这些在肠道内定居的微生物,它们之间以及它们     

快速区别革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌的简易方法

革兰氏染色阳性反应和阴性反应是细菌分离和鉴定的最重要、最基本的方法之一。但是使用革兰氏染色时经常发现某些革兰氏阳性菌会褪色;某些革兰氏阴性菌会由于菌龄或培养基的不同而染色反应不准确。     

d-Glucose Transport System of Zymomonas mobilis

The properties of the d-glucose transport system of Zymomonas mobilis were determined by measuring the uptake of nonmetabolizable analogs (2-deoxy-d-glucose and d-xylose) by wild-type cells and the uptake of d-glucose itself by a mutant lacking glucokinase. d-Glucose was transported by a constitutive, stereospecific, carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion system, whereby its intracellular concentration quickly reached a plateau close to but not above the external concentration. d-Xylose was transported by the d-glucose system, as evidenced by inhibition of its uptake by d-glucose. d-Fructose was not an efficient competitive inhibitor of d-glucose uptake, indicating that it has a low affinity for the d-glucose transport system. The apparent K(m) of d-glucose transport was in the range of 5 to 15 mM, with a V(max) of 200 to 300 nmol min mg of protein. The K(m) of Z. mobilis glucokinase (0.25 to 0.4 mM) was 1 order of magnitude lower than the K(m) for d-glucose transport, although the V(max) values for transport and phosphorylation were similar. Thus, glucose transport cannot be expected to be rate limiting at concentrations of extracellular glucose normally used in fermentation processes, which greatly exceed the K(m) for the transport system. The low-affinity, high-velocity, nonconcentrative system for d-glucose transport described here is consistent with the natural occurrence of Z. mobilis in high-sugar environments and with the capacity of Z. mobilis for rapid conversion of glucose to metabolic products with low energetic yield.     

铜绿假单胞菌AS1.860萘降解质粒的转化

为进一步证明铜绿假单胞菌AS1.860菌株降解萘能力与质粒的关系,我们以菌株AS1.860作供体菌,AS1.860-30(B-2~-)作受体菌进行转化。转化子BS1.860CI具备了供体株的遗传特性,转化频率为8×10~(-8)。琼脂糖凝胶电泳和酶切图谱观察,二者质粒DNA迁移区段和酶切图谱相同,表明质粒与萘的降解及铜绿色素的产生有关。