小麦吸浆虫的研究进展

小麦吸浆虫是小麦上的毁灭性害虫,主要分布在亚洲、欧洲及北美洲。近年来在我国、加拿大的Saskatehewan的东北部、芬兰的东南海岸附近以及瑞典的Uppsala和Stockholm等地暴发成灾。我国50年代曾一度猖撅危害,后经大力研究和防治到60年代基本控制其危害。由于放松监测和防治,80年代中期再度暴发成灾,已波及门个省区、340多个县,发生面积333．3×104hm2,每年造成小麦减产100×104kg左右。近十年来吸浆虫发生危害呈加重趋势,成灾频率增加,已严重制约小麦生产和“两高一优”农业的发展。现将有关情况综述如下。1种群生物学研究小麦吸浆…     

大肠杆菌核糖体蛋白质L24和L27突变对λN和λQ基因表达的影响

核糖体是生物体翻译遗传密码的唯一场所。核糖体各组份的确切功能目前仍不清楚。本实验室的研究已证实：有些核糖体蛋白质突变能在翻译水平上影响核糖体翻译的特异性。本文使用转座子Tn10将核糖蛋白质L24（rpmA）突变从A19的衍生株转到T83菌株上,并研究这2个突变对λN和λQ基因及对N-lacZ和Q-lacZ融合基因表达的不同影响,为核糖体蛋白质能影响核糖体翻译的特异性提供了又一个实例。     

G protein β1γ2 subunits purification and their interaction with adenylyl cyclase

A preliminary study on the interaction of G protein (guanine triphosphate binding pro- tein) β1γ2 subunits and their coupled components in cell signal transduction was conducted in vitro. The insect cell lines, Sf9 (Spodoptera frugiperda) and H5 (Trichoplusia ni) were used to express the recombinant protein Gβ1γ2. The cell membrane containing Gβ1γ2 was isolated through affinity chromatography column with Ni-NTA agarose by FPLC method, and the highly purified protein was obtained. The adenylyl cyclase 2 (AC2) activity assay showed that the purified Gβ1γ2 could significantly stimulate AC2 activity. The interaction of β1γ2 subunits of G protein with the cytoplasmic tail of various mammalian adenylyl cyclases was monitored by BIAcore technology using NTA sensor chip, which relies on the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The experiments showed the direct binding of Gβ1γ2 to the cytoplasmic tail C2 domain of AC2. The specific binding domain of AC2 with Gβ1γ2 was the same as AC2 activity domain which was stimulated by β1γ2.     

G protein β<Subscript>1</Subscript>γ<Subscript>2</Subscript> subunits purification and their interaction with adenylyl cyclase

A preliminary study on the interaction of G protein (guanine triphosphate binding pro- tein) β1γ2 subunits and their coupled components in cell signal transduction was conducted in vitro. The insect cell lines, Sf9 (Spodoptera frugiperda) and H5 (Trichoplusia ni) were used to express the recombinant protein Gβ1γ2. The cell membrane containing Gβ1γ2 was isolated through affinity chromatography column with Ni-NTA agarose by FPLC method, and the highly purified protein was obtained. The adenylyl cyclase 2 (AC2) activity assay showed that the purified Gβ1γ2 could significantly stimulate AC2 activity. The interaction of β1γ2 subunits of G protein with the cytoplasmic tail of various mammalian adenylyl cyclases was monitored by BIAcore technology using NTA sensor chip, which relies on the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The experiments showed the direct binding of Gβ1γ2 to the cytoplasmic tail C2 domain of AC2. The specific binding domain of AC2 with Gβ1γ2 was the same as AC2 activity domain which was stimulated by β1γ2.     

麦蚜Cdc42基因的准确组织定位和定量分析方法研究

本文采用原位杂交方法,对Cdc42在麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae(Fabricius)不同组织分布进行定位,结果表明在滴加杂交液的组织切片被特异性的染成棕褐色,而阴性对照不着色;有、无翅蚜的头部和腹部均有特异性着色点,头部的着色点集中在两复眼之间,腹部的着色点几乎全集中在伪胚胎;有翅蚜的胸部几乎全部被着色,而无翅蚜的胸部几乎没有特异着色点。再运用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术,进行了该基因的相对表达量测定,结果表明麦长管蚜Cdc42基因在不同组织及各虫期均能表达,若蚜期高于成蚜期,有翅蚜高于无翅蚜,且伪胚胎就有较高的转录水平。由此得知,基于原位杂交与实时荧光定量RT-PCR的技术相结合的方法,可有效进行麦蚜Cdc42基因的准确组织定位和定量分析,为Cdc42基因在麦蚜的翅型分化调控上的功能研究奠定了分子检测基础。     

麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜对小麦挥发物的触角电位反应

采用活体蚜虫测定法,利用EAG技术比较分析了麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae和禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi有翅及无翅成蚜对小麦挥发物及麦蚜取食诱导挥发物组分的嗅觉反应,揭示了两种麦蚜的嗅觉变异特点。结果表明：麦长管蚜对水杨酸甲酯、反-2-己烯醛、反-2-己烯醇、-6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮和-6-甲基-5-庚烯-2醇的反应较强,禾谷缢管蚜对水杨酸甲酯、反-3-己烯乙酸酯、-6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮和-6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇的反应较强,并得到了剂量反应曲线。麦长管蚜的有翅和无翅成蚜对6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、反-2-己烯醇和水杨酸甲酯的反应差异显著;禾谷缢管蚜的有翅和无翅成蚜对反-2-己烯醇、辛醛、里那醇、水杨酸甲酯和反-3-己烯乙酸酯的EAG反应差异显著,其原因与禾谷缢管蚜迁移及转主为害的生物学特性有关。     

外源化合物诱导后小麦对麦长管蚜和粘虫的抗虫性研究

喷施外源化合物和昆虫取食均可诱导小麦的防御反应,如挥发物组成发生改变、某些次生物质含量增加或减少,进而影响昆虫和天敌的行为反应。本实验中小麦苗经茉莉酸或几丁质喷施诱导,可显著提高小麦中丁布的含量,但茉莉酸甲酯的诱导作用不明显。喷施茉莉酸及麦长管蚜或粘虫取食诱导小麦,会导致小麦挥发物的种类及含量与对照相比有显著不同,3种处理间小麦的挥发物也存在显著差异。用经茉莉酸处理的麦苗饲养麦长管蚜和粘虫,可显著抑制二者的生长发育速度,使体重减轻,并导致麦长管蚜繁殖力下降。经茉莉酸处理的麦苗的挥发物对粘虫寄生蜂有吸引作用,表明茉莉酸在诱导小麦产生直接抗虫性的同时,还能诱导其释放吸引天敌的挥发性化合物从而产生间接抗性。     

麦蚜在不同抗级小麦上刺吸行为的比较

应用EPG(E1ectrical Penetration Graph)技术记录了麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae F.及禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi L.在不同抗性级别的小麦品种(红芒红、小白冬麦、kok1679和L₁)上的取食行为。结果表明,麦蚜在参试品种上刺吸的各种特征波型基本相同,但其出现时间、重复出现的次数及历期长短存在差异,其中自开始记录至第一次出现E₁：波的时间及E₂。波历期比率可做为参试品种是否抗蚜的主要生理性指标。依据主要波型统计参数用聚类分析方法对参试品种抗蚜性进行分类,其结果与室内生命表参数研究及田间鉴定结果基本一致。本文还对EPG在抗性因子定位、抗蚜鉴定中作用及EPG记录的影响因素略作讨论。