鲎试验及细菌内毒素

<正> 革兰氏阴性杆菌对于美洲鲎血液凝固作用的研究,导致了细菌内毒素的鲎试验法的发展。目前,对于细菌内毒素的检测,鲎试验(LT)是最敏感的有效方法,并且和一些其它检测法相关。对于LT推广应用的实例作了叙述,包括放射性同位素,供水、药品、食品、医用器材以及各种体液诸如血液,脑脊髓液和尿中内毒素的检测。 结果和讨论 由于细菌内毒素是广泛存在的,并且在极低浓度下具有生物学活性,因而对于它的检测方法必须是敏感的和特异的。已经重复证明,LT是目前适于细菌内毒素的最敏感的检测方法。同样重要的是已经证实LT和细菌内毒素的其它生物检测法之间具有明显的     

细胞培养狂犬病毒悬液的制备

<正> 狂犬病毒属于弹状病毒科,狂犬固定毒是一个实验室毒株,其特点是致病性低,能在幼地鼠肾细胞(BHK-21C13)中迅速繁殖,该细胞主要用于狂犬病毒复制研究和生产兽用疫苗。 对于严重暴露的病人,在疫苗自动免疫力产生之前,在伤口周围注射抗血清作局部被动抗体使用,可以收到良好的效果。但是,由于过多的被动抗体会抑制自动抗体的产生,因此必须调整好疫苗与抗血清的关系。 抗狂犬病血清传统的生产方法,是用狂犬固定毒注入兔脑内,待发病取脑制备悬液,再用于超免马生产抗血清。这种抗血清     

利用丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶和β-酪氨酸酶偶联反应合成L-酪氨酸

本文研究了在5‘-磷酸吡哆醛和四氢叶酸存在条件下,通过丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶和β-酪氨酸酶偶联反应,由甘氨酸、甲醛和酚合成L-酪氨酸的反应条件。重组产气克雷伯氏菌菌株(Klebsiella aerogenes)和草生欧文氏菌(Erwinia her-hicola)(ATCC21434)分别为丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶和β-酪氨酸酶的来源。加入到反应器中的酚和甲醛的量根据反应的需求,应以这些化合物使酶失活降低到最小为准。高浓度的四氢叶酸用来与甲醛形成复合物。整个反应的最适pH为7.0左右,在这个pH范围内甘氨酸对β-酪氨酸酶的抑制作用最小。由于相同原因,有意思地维持甘氨酸的初始浓度在较低水平。反应混合物(500ml)含0.25M甘氨酸,0.5mM 5’-磷酸吡哆醛,0.056Mβ巯-基乙醇,7mM甲氢叶酸及初始酚浓度0.32%,细胞于pH7.0,37℃培养。加入37%的甲醛使反应开始。酚和甲醛的浓度和添加比例应经常检查和调整。反应6小时后的,L-酪氨酸产率77.3%(26.3克/升),甘氨酸转化率6.4%。     

噬菌体T7基因6.5和6.7的克隆及其缺失变种的构建

 用适当的限制性内切酶,将噬菌体T7基因6.5和6.7从整个噬菌体T7基因组中分离出来,插入到质粒pBR322中去,转化E.Coli HMS174,筛选出这两个基因的成功克隆。运用同样手段,从整个噬菌体T7基因组中分离出含有部分基因6编码序列,而不含基因6.5和6.7编码序列的T7DNA片段,插入到pBR322的衍生质粒中去,转化Ecoli C1757,再用含有基因6和基因7的双突变噬菌体T7去感染这一转化菌,通过同源交叉而得到缺失基因6.5和6.7的噬菌体T7缺失变种。这种噬菌体只能在载有噬菌体T7基因6.5和6.7,或者只载有基因6.7质粒的寄主中增殖。通过噬菌体结构蛋白电泳分析证明,这种噬菌体丢失了野生型菌体T7所具有的两条结构蛋白带。     

温度和生长素对猕猴桃冬季扦插生根的影响

猕猴桃新近在世界上的许多地区均有种植。虽然曾采用许多常用的育苗法,以满足对苗木需求的日益增加,但唯有幼苗嫁接法和扦插法较为实用。软枝扦插发根相当容易,而硬枝扦插则偶有发根困难的现象。有关硬枝扦插的报道甚少,且试验结果不尽一致。应用底温22°—24℃或高至27℃,被认为是一项良好的技术,但尚未探明不同温度     

被子植物花序的演化趋势(下)

包含两个不同重叠式样的花序在被子植物几个较进化的类群中,花序由两种式样组成,这两种在各自的构造和发育上,都有根木的区别,菊科和禾本科就是最好的例子。在菊科中,基本单位是头状花序,花无柄,长在花序托上,周围由特化的苞片形成花序总苞,向顶式发育。这些构造是由总状花序经过伞房花序的中间状态,由于简化而演化出的(图1.M)。许多菊科植物中,包括最一般的向日葵族 Heliantheae 的种,头状花序是单生的,或由     

Nitrate inhibition of nodulation can be overcome by the ethylene inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine

Previously, we reported (a) a positive correlation between the nitrate concentrations in growth medium and ethylene evolved from uninoculated and inoculated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) roots and (b) a negative correlation between ethylene evolution and nodulation. Here, we report that the inhibitory effect of NO₃⁻ on nodulation of alfalfa can be eliminated by the ethylene inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG). This effect was probably related to the strong inhibition (90%) of ethylene biosynthesis caused by AVG in these inoculated and NO₃⁻-treated roots. These results support our hypothesis that the inhibitory effect of NO₃⁻ is mediated through the phytohormone ethylene. A possible role of endogenous ethylene in the autoregulation of nodulation also is discussed. AVG at 10 micromolar significantly (P < 0.05) increased total nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction) in 2.5 and 5 millimolar NO₃⁻-fed plants probably as a result of the very high stimulation of nodulation.     

Stromal low temperature compartment derived from the inner membrane of the chloroplast envelope

Leaf discs of four dicotyledonous species, when incubated at temperatures of 4 to 18°C (optimum at 12°C) for 30 or 60 minutes, responded by accumulations of membranes in the chloroplast stroma in the space between the inner membrane of the envelope and the thylakoids. The accumulated membranes, here referred to as the low temperature compartment, were frequently continuous with the envelope membrane and exhibited kinetics of formation consistent with a derivation from the envelope. Results were similar for expanding leaves of garden pea (Pisum sativum), soybean (Glycine max), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). We suggest that the stromal low temperature compartment may be analogous to the compartment induced to form between the transitional endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus at low temperatures. The findings provide evidence for the possibility of a vesicular transfer of membrane constituents between the inner membrane of the chloroplast envelope and the thylakoids of mature chloroplasts in expanding leaves.     

Isolation and Characterization of a UDPGlucose: Flavonol O-Glucosyltransferase from Illuminated Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea cv Red Danish) Seedlings

A UDPGlc:flavonol O³-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.91) that catalyzes the formation of quercetin and kaempferol O³-glucosides has been purified about 1450-fold from illuminated red cabbage (Brassica oleracea cv Red Danish) seedlings with a 3.3% yield. Purification of the enzyme was achieved by (NH₄)₂SO₄-precipitation, gel-filtration, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Bio-Gel and Q-Sepharose, chromatofocusing, and electrophoresis in nondenaturing polyacrylamide (10%) gels. The enzyme preparation had a pH optimum between 5.8 and 6.2, isoelectric point in the pH range 4.25 to 4.55, a M_r of 59,000, and it was composed of two similar subunits of M_r 29,500. The glucosyltransferase reached half substrate saturation at 180 micromolar (UDPGlc) and 7 micromolar (quercetin) concentrations. Kaempferol, which was glucosylated at a relative rate of 87%, had a lesser affinity for the enzyme (K_m~12 micromolar). Flavanones, flavanols, flavones, dihydroflavonols, and anthocyanidins were not readily utilized as substrates, suggesting that the enzyme is specific for flavonol glucoside biosynthesis.