CBR2激活与小胶质细胞的活化和损伤的关系

目的:探讨大麻素CBR2受体激动剂AM1241预处理对脂多糖(LPS)和γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)所致炎症反应对小胶质细胞活化和损伤的影响。方法:联用LPS和IFN-γ作为小胶质细胞损伤模型,将细胞分为Control组、AM1241组、LPS/IFN-γ组和AM1241+LPS/IFN-γ组;AM1241组和AM1241+LPS/IFN-γ组经AM1241预处理2h,LPS/IFN-γ组和AM1241+LPS/IFN-γ组用含LPS和IFN-γ的培养基培养24h。采用MTT法检测细胞代谢率,硝酸还原酶法检测细胞培养液中一氧化氮(NO)释放量,酶联免疫吸附剂测定细胞培养基中炎症因子释放量,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态。结果:与LPS/IFN-γ组相比,AM1241+LPS/IFN-γ组细胞代谢率明显升高(P<0.05),NO、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-10释放量明显减少(P<0.05),活化和损伤程度明显减轻。结论:大麻素CBR2受体激动剂AM1241预处理可减轻LPS和IFN-γ对小胶质细胞的活化和损伤。     

关爱解剖学教师生命，远离肿瘤

解剖学是重要的基础医学学科之一。由于解剖学教师常年接触福尔马林,长期在弥散有甲醛的环境中工作,这类人群恶性肿瘤发病率明显高于正常人群。关爱这一特殊战线上默默奉献的的生命,让他们远离肿瘤是我们需要重视的问题。     

重组人血小板生成素早期干预救治重症急性放射病猴的实验研究

重组人血小板生成素（rhTPO）是一种能促进巨核系祖细胞增殖、分化生成血小板的造血因子,研究表明它能促进射线照射小鼠造血功能恢复,前期工作证明rhTPO早期干预可显著提高致死剂量照射小鼠的活存率.本文以7.0Gy照射恒河猴为重度骨髓型急性放射病（ARS）模型,研究了rhTPO早期干预对重症ARS的治疗作用,并与WR2721和＂500＂的辐射防护作用进行了比较,结果发现rhTPO早期干预可明显促进ARS猴造血功能恢复,改善ARS猴症状,简化对症治疗措施,提高重度骨髓型ARS猴活存率,其对重度骨髓型ARS的防治作用优于现有的辐射防护药WR2721和＂500＂,有望开发成安全有效的新型辐射防治药物.     

CHEK2*1100delC and susceptibility to breast cancer: a collaborative analysis involving 10,860 breast cancer cases and 9,065 controls from 10 studies

Previous studies of families with multiple cases of breast cancer have indicated that a frameshift alteration in the CHEK2 gene, 1100delC, is associated with an elevated frequency of breast cancer in such families, but the risk associated with the variant in other situations is uncertain. To evaluate the breast cancer risk associated with this variant, 10,860 breast cancer cases and 9,065 controls from 10 case-control studies in five countries were genotyped. CHEK2*1100delC was found in 201 cases (1.9%) and 64 controls (0.7%) (estimated odds ratio 2.34; 95% CI 1.72–3.20; P=.0000001). There was some evidence of a higher prevalence of CHEK2*1100delC among cases with a first-degree relative affected with breast cancer (odds ratio 1.44; 95% CI 0.93–2.23; P=.10) and of a trend for a higher breast cancer odds ratio at younger ages at diagnosis (P=.002). These results confirm that CHEK2*1100delC confers an increased risk of breast cancer and that this risk is apparent in women unselected for family history. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that CHEK2*1100delC multiplies the risks associated with susceptibility alleles in other genes to increase the risk of breast cancer.     

In vitro Anti-viral Activity of the Total Alkaloids from Tripterygium hypoglaucum against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a commonly occurring human pathogen worldwide. There is an urgent need to discover and develop new alternative agents for the management of HSV-1 infection. Tripterygium hypoglaucum (level) Hutch (Celastraceae) is a traditional Chinese medicine plant with many pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor and antifertility. The usual medicinal part is the roots which contain about a 1% yield of alkaloids. A crude total alkaloids extract was prepared ...     

生长素调控植物重力反应的分子机理研究

重力反应是植物对环境的一种适应现象。生长素参与植物环境适应与发育调控的过程,重力反应过程的核心之一是在重力反应器官形成生长素的浓度梯度,诱导下游基因的差异表达。生长素的合成、代谢、极性运输及信号转导在此过程中发挥了关键作用。该文以拟南芥和水稻的研究为基础,综述了近几年对生长素调控植株重力反应的分子机理的研究进展,并对该领域未来的研究进行展望。     

东方田鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的分离培养及生物学特性

目的对影响东方田鼠胚胎成纤维细胞（MfEF）分离和培养的因素进行探索,并观察其生物学特性。方法取室内繁殖饲养不同胎龄的东方田鼠胚胎分离成纤维细胞,通过原代和继代培养,分析比较不同胎龄、不同血清浓度、不同胰蛋白酶浓度等因素对MfEF分离及培养的影响,观察MfEF的生长形态及其生物学特性。结果 MfEF为贴壁型生长,细胞形态多样,呈梭形、不规则多边形;采用0.125%的胰蛋白酶室温消化12～13 d胚胎组织5 min,以DMEM培养基添加15%小牛血清分离培养MfEF的效果最佳;MfEF2～7代增殖最旺盛。结论获得了实验室分离、培养MfEF的有效方法 ,为进一步深入研究东方田鼠抗日本血吸虫机制以及开展不同动物成纤维细胞间比较研究奠定了基础。     

不同激光照射方法对周围神经再生的影响

为研究不同半导体激光照射方法对周围神经损伤的影响,将96只家兔随机分为3周,6周,9周,12周4个观察期组,每个观察期组又随机分为不同照射方法的治疗组和对照组。建立动物模型后,各照射组在术后1d开始照射治疗,激光功率为10mw,每次照射10rain,每天一次,连续照射10d。照射治疗A组对准损伤神经吻合部位进行照射,照射治疗B组照射家兔L5、L6脊髓节段,照射治疗c组在对准吻合处进行照射同时还要照射L5、L6脊髓节段,对照组激光输出功率为零。实验结果表明低能量半导体激光照射能促进轴突再生,改善再生神经功能,以同时照射损伤周围神经部位和相应脊髓节段效果最为显著。     

链霉菌降解角蛋白的生化机制研究

对弗氏链霉菌S-221变种降解角蛋白的生化机制进行了初步研究。该菌在角蛋白底物作用下诱导产生角蛋白酶。它是一种复合蛋白酶,含有二硫键还原酶和多肽水解酶等多种酶活性组分。硫酸钠、亚硫酸钠和巯基乙醇对角蛋白酶具有强烈的激活作用,其主要表现作用于角蛋白酶中的二硫键还原酶。亚硫酸钠在0．01mol／L浓度下不仅作用于二硫键还原酶,而且还作用于多肽水解酶。硫代硫酸钠对二硫键还原酶有强烈的抑制作用。角蛋白酶降解羽毛角蛋白首先是角蛋白酶中的二硫键还原酶使角蛋白中二硫键裂解产生变性角蛋白,然后变性角蛋白在多肽水解酶的共同作用下逐步水解成多肽、寡肽和游离氨基酸,使角蛋白彻底降解。在角蛋白降解过程中,角蛋白中的硫也随之转化成巯基化合物,H2S和硫酸盐3种含硫化合物存在于降解产物中。     

Ezetimibe blocks the internalization of NPC1L1 and cholesterol in mouse small intestine

The multiple transmembrane protein Niemann-Pick C1 like1 (NPC1L1) is essential for intestinal cholesterol absorption. Ezetimibe binds to NPC1L1 and is a clinically used cholesterol absorption inhibitor. Recent studies in cultured cells have shown that NPC1L1 mediates cholesterol uptake through vesicular endocytosis that can be blocked by ezetimibe. However, how NPC1L1 and ezetimibe work in the small intestine is unknown. In this study, we found that NPC1L1 distributed in enterocytes of villi and transit-amplifying cells of crypts. Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2), another important protein for cholesterol absorption by providing cholesteryl esters to chylomicrons, was mainly presented in the apical cytoplasm of enterocytes. NPC1L1 and ACAT2 were highly expressed in jejunum and ileum. ACAT1 presented in the Paneth cells of crypts and mesenchymal cells of villi. In the absence of cholesterol, NPC1L1 was localized on the brush border of enterocytes. Dietary cholesterol induced the internalization of NPC1L1 to the subapical layer beneath the brush border and became partially colocalized with the endosome marker Rab11. Ezetimibe blocked the internalization of NPC1L1 and cholesterol and caused their retention in the plasma membrane. This study demonstrates that NPC1L1 mediates cholesterol entering enterocytes through vesicular endocytosis and that ezetimibe blocks this step in vivo.