Comparative analysis of the pig BAC sequence involved in the regulation of myostatin gene

Myostatin (GDF-8, MSTN) is a member of trans- forming growth factors (TGF-β) superfamily, which was first described by McPherron et al. in 1997[1]. Myostatin appears to act as a negative regulator of muscle development and controls not only fibre size but also fibre number[2,3]. Mutations in the third exon of the myostatin gene have been shown to cause dou- ble muscling in cattle[4]. By knocking out the gene of myostatin in mice, they were able to show that the transgenic mice developed …     

关于中国淡水生态系统生物多样性监测与管理的探讨

China is one of the countries in the world with therichest species biodiversityinfreshwater ecosystem.How-ever,duetothe rapid economic growthandthe continuingincrease of human disturbances and destructions of aquatichabitats,the biodiversity of freshwater ecosystemsis dras-tically declining.Waterbodies become more and more“deserted”of sensitive species.Water areas are reduced,fragmentized,and changed in their hydrodynamics(i.e.damming),causing changes in sedimentation and otherchanges.Forinstance,the area o...     

多子房小麦蛋白质双向电泳体系的建立及优化

为建立适用于显性多子房小麦细胞质效应的蛋白质双向电泳体系,以显性多子房小麦材料DUOII与特异细胞质材料TeZhiI杂交的F1幼穗为材料,采用TCA-丙酮法提取蛋白质,并在IPG胶条长度和pH范围、SDS-PAGE凝胶浓度及蛋白质上样量等方面,对多子房小麦幼穗蛋白质双向电泳体系进行了探究与优化.结果表明,本文采用的蛋白质定量方法准确度高(R²=0.9999),确立了17 cm, pH4～7的IPG胶条, 12% SDS-PAGE分离胶,上样量为900 μg的双向电泳方法体系,获得了最适合本研究蛋白质组分析的双向电泳图谱. 经PDQuest 2DE 8.0.1软件分析,2-DE图谱上可分辨出1.444±14个清晰蛋白质点,且重复性较高(95%), 相关系数为0.960. 建立了一套适用于显性多子房小麦细胞质效应研究的蛋白质双向电泳体系.     

Excess of de novo deleterious mutations in genes associated with glutamatergic systems in nonsyndromic intellectual disability

Little is known about the genetics of nonsyndromic intellectual disability (NSID). We hypothesized that de novo mutations (DNMs) in synaptic genes explain an important fraction of sporadic NSID cases. In order to investigate this possibility, we sequenced 197 genes encoding glutamate receptors and a large subset of their known interacting proteins in 95 sporadic cases of NSID. We found 11 DNMs, including ten potentially deleterious mutations (three nonsense, two splicing, one frameshift, four missense) and one neutral mutation (silent) in eight different genes. Calculation of point-substitution DNM rates per functional and neutral site showed significant excess of functional DNMs compared to neutral ones. De novo truncating and/or splicing mutations in SYNGAP1, STXBP1, and SHANK3 were found in six patients and are likely to be pathogenic. De novo missense mutations were found in KIF1A, GRIN1, CACNG2, and EPB41L1. Functional studies showed that all these missense mutations affect protein function in cell culture systems, suggesting that they may be pathogenic. Sequencing these four genes in 50 additional sporadic cases of NSID identified a second DNM in GRIN1 (c.1679_1681dup/p.Ser560dup). This mutation also affects protein function, consistent with structural predictions. None of these mutations or any other DNMs were identified in these genes in 285 healthy controls. This study highlights the importance of the glutamate receptor complexes in NSID and further supports the role of DNMs in this disorder.     

抗体生产纯化技术（Review）

自1997年FDA批准第一个治疗淋巴癌的嵌合单抗药物Rituxan, Anti-CD-20抗体上市,并进入56个国家,至2007年,FDA已批准了20多种治疗性单抗药物,约一半用于治疗癌症,七个已成为年销售额超十亿美元的"炸弹药物"。而随着高细胞密度培养及表达技术：大规模培养的表达水平从1g/L到5g/L;细胞的培养规模越来越大：12000L到15000L和在建的20000L细胞培养规模,同时多个细胞培养罐并行运行;这些都极大的推动了大规模蛋白质纯化技术的发展：从批产几公斤－年产几十公斤抗体,发展到批生产几十公斤－年产上十吨抗体的规模。同时,新型凝胶技术、更大规模的纯化生产系统技术和膜过滤技术的发展,使经典的三步层析技术能够缩短到两步层析技术生产抗体,进一步节约了投资,提高了产能和产率。本文将详细介绍最新发展的两步层析主导的一条完整抗体生产纯化解决方案。     

白介素19(IL-19)

白介素-10(IL-10)是一种具有重要免疫调节功能的多效性细胞因子,它能影响免疫系统中多种类型细胞的活性。新近,美英科学家克隆了一种独特的人mRNA,它编码名为白介素19(Interleukin-19,IL-19)的新型IL-10同源物。IL-19基因邻近IL-10基因,都位于1号染色体上。IL-19基因由5个外显子和4个内含子组成,由二种不同的启动子转录。IL-19与IL-10有21％aa同源。IL-19mRNA是在活化的巨噬细胞中发现的,其表达相似而又不同于IL-10。IL-19与IL-10的序列比较表明两者不可能共享一种受体。IL-19的鉴定增加了已鉴定的IL-10同源物数并证明了IL-10相关蛋白家族的存在。在活化的巨噬细胞中,IL-19的表达模式不同于IL-10,并且可能通过不同于典型的IL-10受体复合物的不同受体进行信号转导。 [黄仕和译自Gallgaher G et al．Immunol Letters,2000,73(2,3)：206]