The feeding apparatus of a chitinivorous ciliate

The chitinivorous ciliate Ascophrys, an ectosymbiont of the shrimp Palaemon serratus, is enclosed by a thick cyst wall except for a ventral hiatus exposing a circular area of exoskeleton to the interior of the cyst. The exoskeleton underlying the cyst wall remains intact, but the circular area of exoskeleton is dissolved enzymatically and ingested. The feeding ciliate forms a cavity in the exoskeleton into which it sinks. Its complex oral apparatus resembles a pump encircled by cytoplasm containing Golgi and high concentrations of coated vesicles that join pellicular pores between cilia. The ingestive apparatus is formed of microtubular lamellae that originate in the midplane of the body, descend toward a coated membrane on the surface, and ascend again as a lamellar lining to a complex food tube that ends in the middle of the body surrounded by food vacuoles. The cytoplasm enclosed between the descending lamellae and the food tube is crowded with membrane organelles that recycle as food vacuole membranes at the coated membrane. We hypothesize that vacuoles containing dissolved exoskeleton are drawn up into the oral tube and are released into the cytoplasm at the terminus of the tube, where their contents are concentrated and excess vacuolar membrane collapsed into membrane organelles.     

Epithelial cell types of the primary ureter of Helix aspersa: Ultrastructural and cytochemical characteristics

The present study describes the morphological characteristics which determine the structural polarity of the principal and ciliated cells in the primary ureter epithelium of Helix aspersa. These characteristics are analysed on the basis of the function performed by both cell types. The presence of paniculate glycogen and the location of glycoconjugates associated with cell membranes of the epithelial cells is revealed by the method of Thiéry.     

Supercoil of collagen fibrils in the integument of Alvinella, an abyssal annelid

The polychaete annelid Alvinella pompejana was discovered near the hydrothermal vents, recently explored in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. This worm is protected by a cuticle deeply transformed over certain areas of the body and some changes are due to the presence of a very special bacterial flora. The present work however deals mainly with the supercoiled collagen fibrils, which are well visualized in thin sections observed by transmission electron microscopy. This character strongly differentiates this species from other annelids and worms in general, the cuticle of which includes straight and apparently non-coiled collagen fibrils. This indicates that fibrils are extensible in Alvinella, possibly under physiological conditions, and that internal pressure and local volume variations are regulated according to principles which depart from what is recognized in other worms, where cuticular fibrils are considered as inextensible. Possible models of this cuticle are discussed and particularly aspects which show a relationship with certain liquid crystals. Very different factors may be involved in morphogenesis of such cuticles: microvilli distribution, self-assembly of collagen fibrils, mechanical constraints. An appendix recalls some classical data on worm cuticle geometry and presents an estimate of volume variations resulting from coiling of fibrils.     

金铁锁的一个新三萜成分

金铁锁(Psammosilene tunicoides W.C.Wu et C.Y.Wu)系石竹科金铁锁属单一种植物,产于我国西南部。该植物为传统中药,具止血、止痛、活血等多种功效。其根部富含皂甙成分,有镇痛、抗炎和抑菌等生理活性。我们曾报道了将其根中提取的粗皂甙酸性水解后,分离到的六个齐墩果酸型三萜皂甙元。本文报道从中分离到的另一新三萜成分:3-hydroxy-12,14-diene-27-nordeane-28-nic acid。     

臭参中挥发性臭味的化学成分

臭参(Codonopsis sp.)俗称臭药、云南参、臭党参等,系桔梗科党参属云南特有植物种,种名待分类学家鉴定。其根具有特殊臭味,民间作为廉价滋补佳品,和肉、蛋一起煮食,具有补中益气,生津之功效。同属许多植物如党参(C.pilosula Nannf)、川党参(C.tangshan Oliv.)等的根,均为著名中药,但都没有臭参那种臭味。该植物的化学成分未见报道。为了解臭参植物的药用价值以及同党参、川党参等的相互关系,我们首先对臭参的挥发性臭味化学成分作了气相色谱-质谱法分析,现将结果简要报告如下。     

秦岭产珠子参叶的达玛烷型皂甙研究(1)

从陕西省秦岭产珠子参(Panax japonicus C.A.Meyer var.major(Burk.)Wu etFeng)的叶中分离到十个新的达玛烷型四环三萜皂甙,经光谱测定和化学降解,其中四个的化学结构分别为珠子参甙(majoroside)F_1(1)、F_2(2)、F_3(3)和F_4(4)。同时,还分离到已知的人参甙(ginsenoside)Rd(5)、Re(6)、Rg_1(7)、Rg_2(8)和F_2(9)。     

重楼属植物甾体皂甙的高效液相色谱分析

应用高效液相层析技术,对重楼属十八个种植物的甾体皂甙进行了定性、定量分析。植物用甲醇提取,抽出物经DIAION柱,以90％甲醇洗出总甙。在HPLC上,用ODS柱先将总甙以用醇:水(9:1)洗脱分为三馏段,每馏再在ODS柱或Rp-8柱上以甲醇:水(8:2;7:3.5)洗脱,使各个皂甙成分完全分离。被分离的每个色谱峰与已知重楼皂甙的保留时间进行比较并配合HPLC的加入法,TLC分析及用HPLC制备少量样品做MS测定来加以定性鉴定。定量采用内标及校正曲线法。     

黑龙江满族、蒙古族的苯硫脲味盲频率

我国已对25个民族进行了PTC尝味能力的调查。1984年7月我们对尚未进行PTG尝味能力调查的黑龙江满族进行了苯硫脲味盲频率的调查,同时也对黑龙江蒙古族进行了调查。满族的调查群体是齐齐哈尔市昂昂溪区小阿拉街小学、富裕县塔哈乡大高粱小学、富裕县     

水牛染色体G、C带核型的观察

七十年代以来,由于染色体分带技术的发展,大大地促进了对哺乳动物染色体的研究。在水牛方面,近年来国外的研究时有报道,而国内甚少,尚无应用分带技术对染色体作进一步的分析。为了积累我国家畜染色体资料,探讨水牛种质以及为开展水牛遗传病的检查提供依据,我们对水牛的染色体核型和G、C带作了研究,现报告如下。     

丽江百合鳞茎细胞内贮藏物质的细胞形态学观察

丽江百合(Lilium lijiangenese L.J.Peng,sp nov.)引种栽培三年。鳞茎体积增大,中部鳞片细胞由平均12层增加到21层。细胞体积由平均86.5×79微米增加到97.5×89.7微米。细胞内含有两种贮藏颗粒,一种体积较大,椭圆形,另一种体积略小呈圆球形。较大者含有淀粉物质,较小者含有蛋白质、脂肪、多糖和少量核糖核酸。细胞内平均淀粉粒数由4.2个增加到8个,其体积由29.1×19.5微米增加到46.8×23.4微米。蛋白质颗粒数由平均12个增加到70个,体积稍有减小,由4.68—7.8微米减少到3.9—5.85微米。