Hormones and liver mitochondria: Influence of growth hormone,thyroxine, testosterone,and insulin on thermotropic effects of respiration and fatty acid composition of membranes

The effects of hypophysectomy and subsequent administration of growth hormone, thyroxine, insulin, and testosterone were examined in rat liver for the relationship between the thermotropic effects on State 3 respiration (ADP induced) and fatty acid composition of the phospholipid fraction of intact mitochondria as well as of inner membrane vesicles. The Arrhenius profile for energy-linked (succinate) State 3 respiration of mitochondria from hypophysectomized rats lacked the discontinuity at 23.5 °C seen with mitochondria from normal rats. After injections of the hormones the discontinuity representing the transition temperature from gel to liquid crystalline state of lipids occurred at different temperatures: 18.5 °C for growth hormone, 26.0 °C for thyroxine, 19.5 °C for growth hormone + thyroxine, 27.6 °C for insulin, and 25.3 °C for testosterone. The energy of activation between 37.5 and 23.5 °C was 1.9 times greater for hypophysectomy than for controls. Growth hormone was the most effective in restoring the energy of activation to normal, above as well as below transition temperature. The effect of thyroxine appears to be due to a larger stimulation of the State 4 respiration than that of growth hormone, insulin, or testosterone, especially at higher temperatures. Phospholipids extracted from intact mitochondria or inner membrane vesicles of hypophysectomized rats contained less arachidonic acid (20:4) and more linoleic acid (18:2) than those of normal rats. In addition, the contents of some of the minor fatty acids were also changed. Calculated unsaturation index showed an 18.8 and 14.9% depletion in unsaturation in whole mitochondria and inner membranes, respectively. Among the different hormones used to treat the hypophysectomized rats, growth hormone was the most effective in restoring the transition temperature and fatty acid composition to normal levels and increasing the gain in body weight. Although the other hormones increased total unsaturation index to some extent, some of the individual fatty acids were affected differently. Good correlation exists between the unsaturation index of mitochondrial fatty acids and transition temperature of State 3 respiration. These results strongly suggest a role for the hormones, particularly growth hormone, in the control of mitochondrial membrane fluidity of hypophysectomized rat liver, through fatty acid composition of phospholipids.     

阿坝藏族自治州若尔盖晚更新世地层及哺乳类化石

文中记述阿坝藏族自治州若尔盖县境内黄河阶地堆积及其所产哺乳动物化石,并经 C~(14) 测定,化石距今约22650±300年,地质时代为晚更新世晚期.     

湖北竹溪植被的基本特征

竹溪县现有种子植物１２７科４８３属８６３种。地理成分复杂,联系广泛,以温带成分占主导地位,占非世界分布属的６４．８３％,热带分布属则占２９．３９％,木本植物占种子植物总数的４２．５９％,主要植补类型计７个植补型组,１０个植被型,４９个联系。地处竹溪中南部的云雾溪是目前亚热带区域保存较为完整,具有多方面保护价值的综合区,建议辟为自然保护区。     

云南元谋小河地区古猿地点的小型猿类化石

本文记述的云南元谋小河地区古猿地点发现的一种小型猿类。它的牙齿形态比晚中新世的禄丰粗壮池猿进步。而牙齿的某些形态介于粗壮池猿和现生长臂猿之间,它的发现为探讨现生长臂猿的起源与进货提供了新的化石依据。依哺乳动物群的初步研究,其时代稍晚于禄丰古猿地点的时代。鉴于它的形态特征和地史分布,作者将它订为一新属新种：进步滇猿Ｄｉａｎｏ ｐｉｔｈｅｃｕｓ ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｕｓ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。     

贵州沿河土地坳下奥陶统牙形石

本文报道了采自贵州沿河土地坳下奥陶统的牙形石,计有２５属３９种,根据牙形石组合特片分析,认为其与黔北其它地区下奥陶统牙形石组合面貌基本一致,属北大西洋牙形石动物地理区。     

晋西北黄河岸边新发现的旧石器地点

在山西省河曲县河会村附近发现一个旧石器地点,从中发现石制品十多件,其地质时代为中更新世晚期。     

元谋新第三纪食肉动物化石的初步观察

本文对云南元谋盆地产古猿化石地点的部分食肉类化石进行了初步观察分类,认为它们的时代似应稍晚于禄丰,相当上新世早期,估计距今5-6百万年.     

山西朔县种子植物区系及其生态经济意义

朔县(现朔州市朔城区)植物种属相对丰富,具有维管束植物938种,隶属于420属,105科。其植物区系主要起源于古北大陆;种子植物属的地理成分复杂多样,以温带成分占绝对优势,具有典型的温带草原性质;与相邻地区植物区系的比较分析表明,联系最为密切的是蒙古草原植物区系,其次是黄土高原植物区系。该县植物资源利用应采取的对策是:既要合理开发利用,又要加强物种的保护。     

格网尺度下青海玛多县土地利用及生态系统服务价值空间自相关分析

开展黄河源区土地利用和生态系统服务价值空间量化评估,对于保障黄河流域生态安全具有重要意义。以黄河源区玛多县为例,基于3 km×3 km网格单元,应用空间自相关方法构建生态系统服务价值评价模型,定量评价了2015年玛多县土地利用/覆被空间自相关格局特征,可视化表达了玛多县生态系统服务价值空间信息。结果表明: 在3 km×3 km格网尺度下,不同覆盖度草地覆盖范围广阔;水域网格占总网格数的42.9%,在玛多县西北部分布密集;建设用地呈东北-西南走向的“线条式”分布;未利用土地体现为西南多、东北少的分布格局。在空间上,玛多县土地利用类型网格之间相互影响,表现为正相关性和聚集分布。水域的全局Moran I和局部Moran I值均最大,空间聚集性最强,局部连片度较高。建设用地的全局Moran I和局部Moran I值分别为0.293和0.127,空间自相关性最弱,在小范围内呈聚集特点。2015年,玛多县生态系统服务价值(ESV)为938.87亿元,网格的ESV平均值为3.20×10⁷元,最大值为19.96×10⁷元,水域分布网格是ESV的高值区。玛多县ESV分布格局整体上呈显著的空间正向自相关,ESV在网格之间为聚集分布。不同土地利用类型ESV网格总体呈高高、低低聚集,在局部零星为高低、低高聚集。可采取的国土空间规划与用途管制策略包括:水域、未利用土地采用强调生态溢出价值的“集中连片式”保护模式,高、中、低覆盖度草地采取主次分明、划区管理的“组团式”生态治理模式,建设用地在“廊道式”分布格局中采取小范围集约化开发利用模式。