Synthesis of alkali metal hexahydroaluminate complexes using dimethyl ether as a reaction medium

A novel method of preparation of hexahydroaluminate complexes M₃AlH₆ (M = Li, Na or K) from the corresponding alkali metal hydride and tetrahydroaluminate has been explored, using dimethyl ether (Me₂O) as a solvent at near-ambient temperatures. The results are compared with those obtained using a recently established mechanochemical approach. Characterization of the products by powder X-ray diffraction revealed M₃AlH₆ to be formed in high yield for M = Li and Na, but not for M = K. The attempted preparation of Li₂NaAlH₆ and Li₂KAlH₆ was unsuccessful.     

武陵山地区鱼类寄生杆咽属线虫两新种

本文报道在武陵山地区的白甲鱼［（Ｖａｒｉｃｏｒｋｉｎｕｓ（Ｏｎｙｃｈｏｓｔｏｍａ）ｓｉｍｕｓ（ＳａｕｖａｇｅｅｔＤａｂｒｙ）］和沪溪直口峻（ＲｅｃｔｏｒｉｓｌｕｘｉｅｎｓｉｓＷｕｅｔＹａｏ）中发现的两种杆咽属（Ｒｈａｂｄｏｃｈｏｎａ）线虫新种,定名为白甲鱼杆咽线虫,新种（ＲｈａｂｄＯｃｈｏｎａｏｎｙｒｋｏｓｔｏｍｉｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）和短咽杆咽线虫,新种（ＲｈａｂｄＯｃｈｏｎａｂｒｅｖｉｃｈｏｎａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）,并对两新种进行了测量和详细的描述。     

参苓白术散联合针刺对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠内质网应激、炎症反应的作用机制

摘要 目的：探讨参苓白术散联合针刺对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠内质网应激、炎症反应的作用机制。方法：采用三硝基苯磺酸的方法构建溃疡性结肠炎大鼠模型。给予大鼠参苓白术散联合针刺干预。采用ELISA法检测大鼠病变结肠的炎症反应和氧化应激水平;采用肉眼观察各组结肠组织形态学评分;采用Western blot 检测大鼠内质网应激相关蛋白的表达。结果：与空白组相比,模型组、针刺组、参苓白术散、参苓白术散组联合针刺组大鼠体质量更低（P＜0.05）;与模型组相比,针刺组、参苓白术散、参苓白术散组联合针刺组溃疡指数评分和大鼠体质量更低（P＜0.05）,且参苓白术散组联合针刺组明显低于针刺组和参苓白术散组;与空白组相比,模型组、针刺组、参苓白术散、参苓白术散组联合针刺组ROS、GSH-Px、MDA更高（P＜0.05）;与模型组相比,针刺组、参苓白术散、参苓白术散组联合针刺组ROS、GSH-Px、MDA更低（P＜0.05）,且参苓白术散组联合针刺组明显低于针刺组和参苓白术散组;与空白组相比,模型组、针刺组、参苓白术散、参苓白术散组联合针刺组TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-18更高（P＜0.05）;与模型组相比,针刺组、参苓白术散、参苓白术散组联合针刺组TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-18更低（P＜0.05）,且参苓白术散组联合针刺组低于针刺组和参苓白术散组;与空白组相比,模型组、针刺组、参苓白术散、参苓白术散组联合针刺组GRP78、p-PERK、p-eIF2α更高（P＜0.05）;与模型组相比,针刺组、参苓白术散、参苓白术散组联合针刺组GRP78、p-PERK、p-eIF2α更低（P＜0.05）,且参苓白术散组联合针刺组明显低于针刺组和参苓白术散组。结论：参苓白术散组联合针刺可有效抑制溃疡性结肠炎大鼠内质网应激,进而抑制炎症反应和氧化应激反应,并促进溃疡性结肠炎大鼠病变病情转归。     

麻杏石甘汤合玉屏风散对支原体肺炎患儿血清炎症因子、氧化应激及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的:探讨麻杏石甘汤合玉屏风散对支原体肺炎患儿血清炎症因子、氧化应激及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法:选取我院儿科门诊于2016年12月至2018年7月间收治的86例支原体肺炎患儿,按随机数字表法分为观察组(43例)和对照组(43例)。对照组采用常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合使用麻杏石甘汤合玉屏风散治疗,两组均治疗14 d。比较两组患儿疗效及临床症状变化情况,检测并比较两组患儿血清炎症因子、氧化应激指标和T淋巴细胞亚群变化情况,观察两组患儿治疗过程中的不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组总有效率为93.02%(40/43),高于对照组的76.74%(33/43)(P<0.05)。观察组患儿体温恢复时间、啰音消失时间、咳嗽消失时间和X线检查恢复正常时间均明显短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗14 d后,两组患儿血清白介素-2(IL-2)水平明显升高,而白介素-4(IL-4)、白介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平明显降低(P<0.05);且与对照组比较,观察组患儿治疗14 d后的血清IL-2水平明显较高,而IL-4、IL-6和TNF-α水平明显较低(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗5 d后、治疗14 d后,两组患儿血浆丙二醛(MDA)降低,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平升高(P<0.05);与对照组比较,观察组治疗5 d后的血浆MDA明显较低,而SOD水平明显较高(P<0.05)。治疗14 d后,两组患儿CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺明显升高,且观察组高于对照组,而两组患儿CD8⁺明显降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:麻杏石甘汤合玉屏风散治疗支原体肺炎疗效显著,能够缓解临床症状、炎症反应,减轻患儿氧化应激状态,并可提高患儿免疫功能。     

一次性根管治疗联合清胃散口服对牙髓炎的治疗效果及对疼痛程度影响

摘要 目的：探讨一次性根管治疗联合清胃散口服对牙髓炎的治疗效果及对疼痛程度影响。方法：选取我院2021年1月到2022年12月收治的120例牙髓炎患者，分为观察组与对照组，各60例。对照组患者应用一次性根管治疗，观察组患者应用一次性根管联合清胃散口服治疗，对比两组患者的临床治疗效果，治疗前后咀嚼功能与疼痛程度，白细胞计数（WBC）、降钙素原（PCT）、C反应蛋白（CRP）相关炎症因子水平，并对比两组患者的菌斑指数（PLI），龈沟出血指数（SBI）、龈沟探诊深度（SPD）、牙龈指数（GI）相关牙周健康指标水平。结果：观察组总有效率为93.33%明显高于对照组总有效率80.00%（P<0.05）；两组患者治疗前咀嚼功能评分与视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分对比无差异（P＞0.05），治疗后咀嚼功能评分均升高，观察组较对照组高，VAS评分降低，观察组较对照组低（P＜0.05）；两组患者治疗前WBC、PCT、CRP水平对比无差异（P＞0.05），治疗后均降低，观察组较对照组低（P＜0.05）；两组患者治疗前GI、SPD、SBI、PLI水平对比无差异（P＞0.05），治疗后均降低，观察组较对照组低（P＜0.05）。结论：一次性根管治疗联合清胃散口服能够改善牙髓炎的临床疗效，提升患者咀嚼功能，减轻疼痛程度，降低机体炎症因子水平，同时能够进一步改善患者牙周健康程度，值得临床应用推广。     

Greater Sage-Grouse Population Response to Energy Development and Habitat Loss

ABSTRACT Modification of landscapes due to energy development may alter both habitat use and vital rates of sensitive wildlife species. Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in the Powder River Basin (PRB) of Wyoming and Montana, USA, have experienced rapid, widespread changes to their habitat due to recent coal-bed natural gas (CBNG) development. We analyzed lek-count, habitat, and infrastructure data to assess how CBNG development and other landscape features influenced trends in the numbers of male sage-grouse observed and persistence of leks in the PRB. From 2001 to 2005, the number of males observed on leks in CBNG fields declined more rapidly than leks outside of CBNG. Of leks active in 1997 or later, only 38% of 26 leks in CBNG fields remained active by 2004–2005, compared to 84% of 250 leks outside CBNG fields. By 2005, leks in CBNG fields had 46% fewer males per active lek than leks outside of CBNG. Persistence of 110 leks was positively influenced by the proportion of sagebrush habitat within 6.4 km of the lek. After controlling for habitat, we found support for negative effects of CBNG development within 0.8 km and 3.2 km of the lek and for a time lag between CBNG development and lek disappearance. Current lease stipulations that prohibit development within 0.4 km of sage-grouse leks on federal lands are inadequate to ensure lek persistence and may result in impacts to breeding populations over larger areas. Seasonal restrictions on drilling and construction do not address impacts caused by loss of sagebrush and incursion of infrastructure that can affect populations over long periods of time. Regulatory agencies may need to increase spatial restrictions on development, industry may need to rapidly implement more effective mitigation measures, or both, to reduce impacts of CBNG development on sage-grouse populations in the PRB.     

Exploiting powder X-ray diffraction for direct structure determination in structural biology: the P2X4 receptor trafficking motif YEQGL

We report the crystal structure of the 5-residue peptide acetyl-YEQGL-amide, determined directly from powder X-ray diffraction data recorded on a conventional laboratory X-ray powder diffractometer. The YEQGL motif has a known biological role, as a trafficking motif in the C-terminus of mammalian P2X4 receptors. Comparison of the crystal structure of acetyl-YEQGL-amide determined here and that of a complex formed with the μ2 subunit of the clathrin adaptor protein complex AP2 reported previously, reveals differences in conformational properties, although there are nevertheless similarities concerning aspects of the hydrogen-bonding arrangement and the hydrophobic environment of the leucine sidechain. Our results demonstrate the potential for exploiting modern powder X-ray diffraction methodology to achieve complete structure determination of materials of biological interest that do not crystallize as single crystals of suitable size and quality for single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

干法造粒工艺在微生态活菌片剂生产中的应用研究

目的为降低生产成本,保证产品质量,研究干法造粒工艺在微生态活菌片剂生产中的应用。方法测定三批干法造粒和粉末直接压片技术获得的片剂的理化指标和贮藏期间活菌数。结果干法造粒工艺生产的片剂其片重、硬度、崩解时限和干燥失重均符合生产质量要求,且提高了产品的贮藏稳定性。结论干法造粒工艺更适用于微生态活菌片剂生产。     

武陵山东段不同样地小型兽类群落结构及多样性分布(英文）

2000—2004年对长江三峡南岸的武陵山东段7个不同样地、3个不同海拔梯度和6种生境类型的啮齿等小兽进行了5年调查。共布放鼠铗29297铗次,获得啮齿等小兽2271只;其他方法获26只,分隶于8科19属24种。其中啮齿目占70.83%,食虫目占29.17%。对所获数据分析结果表明:1)虽物种丰富度具有从南向北随海拔升高而增加的趋势,但在垂直分布上有相当一部分物种呈现较宽的分布;2)无论在7个不同样地,还是在6种生境,1200m以下均以黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius)和褐家鼠(Rattus norvegicus)为优势种;1300m以上则以短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes)、社鼠(Niviventer confucianus)和中华姬鼠(Apodemus draco)为优势,但在数量上缺乏规律性;3)冬季密度明显大于春季,沿海拔高度呈梯度增高,但不同样地的密度缺乏一致规律性;4)7个不同样地多样性和均匀度均呈现较大变化。这可能与该地区人为干预较多有关。     

双歧杆菌三联活菌散对儿童轮状病毒性肠炎患者 肠道菌群及肠黏膜通透性的影响

目的观察双歧杆菌三联活菌散对儿童轮状病毒性肠炎(RVE)患者肠道菌群和肠黏膜通透性的影响。方法选择2016年1月至2017年8月于丽水市中心医院儿科门诊治疗的RVE患儿94例,随机分为观察组和对照组各47例。两组患儿均予饮食调整、补液及纠正电解质紊乱和酸碱失衡等治疗。观察组患儿加用双歧杆菌三联活菌散1.0g/次,3次/d,温水冲服。观察两组患儿治疗前后肠道菌群(双歧杆菌、乳杆菌和大肠埃希菌)数量和肠黏膜通透性指标[内毒素(ETX)和D-乳酸]的变化,并比较其临床疗效。结果治疗72h后,观察组患儿双歧杆菌和乳杆菌数量明显上升,大肠埃希菌数量明显下降(P0.05),而对照组治疗前后无明显变化(P0.05)。治疗后观察组患儿双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量较对照组更高,大肠埃希菌数量较对照组更低(P0.05)。两组患儿治疗后血清ETX和D-乳酸水平均明显下降(P0.05),且观察组下降幅度更大(P0.05);同时观察组患儿总有效率高于对照组(χ2=4.11,P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌三联活菌散治疗儿童RVE的疗效确切,其作用机制可能与其能增加双歧杆菌和乳杆菌等有益菌的数量,减少大肠埃希菌等致病菌的数量,改善患儿肠道微生态状况;并与其能降低肠黏膜通透性和减少肠液的分泌渗出相关。