沙门菌CWDMs乳酸脱氢酶同功酶的观察

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法检测伤寒杆菌和甲型副伤寒杆菌的ＣＷＤＭｓ及其宁代细菌型和伤寒杆菌粗糙型的乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）同功酶,以了解沙门菌ＣＷＤＭｓ生物氧化的特点和机制,探讨ＣＷＤＭｓ变异的性质。结果表明,伤寒杆菌和甲型副伤寒杆菌的细菌型及伤寒杆粗糙型在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳后显示出相同的４种具有不同泳动速率的ＬＤＨ同功酶,但ＣＷＤＭｓ仅显示２种ＬＤＨ。ＣＷＤＭｓ的２种ＬＤＨ同功酶与其亲代细菌型及伤寒杆     

沙门菌CWDMs氨基酸代谢的检测

采用氨基氨利用生长试验和谷丙转氨酶（ＧＰＴ）、谷草转酶（ＧＯＴ）、乳酸脱氨酶（ＬＤＨ）、肌酸激酶（ＣＫ）、α－闳丁酸脱氢酶（α－ＨＢＤ）、γ－谷志肽酶（γ－ＧＴ）,酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）定性与定量分析法,检测伤ＣＷＤＭｓ变异的特点及其机制,探讨ＣＷＤＭｓ变异的性质及其与细胞壁缺陷突变的关系。结果表明,沙门菌ＣＷＤＭｓ变异的性质及其与细胞壁缺陷突变的关系。结果表明,沙门菌ＣＷＤＭｓ在仅含蛋氨酸或脯氨     

沙门菌CWDMs脂代谢检测

采用毛地黄皂苷敏感试验和菌细胞胆固醇、甘油三脂及胆碱酯酶定性与定量分析法,检测伤寒杆菌和甲型副伤寒杆菌经L 型变异后形成的细胞壁缺陷突变株(CW DM )的脂类代谢活性,了解这些CW DM 变异的性质和探讨细菌细胞壁缺陷突变与细菌演变的关系。结果表明,沙门菌CW DM s 具有显著的胆固醇和甘油三脂代谢活性、对毛地黄皂苷高度敏感并且还具有与白色念珠菌相似的胆固醇和甘油三脂的含量,但未能检出胆碱酯酶活性。CW DM s返祖菌丧失了脂类代谢酶类和胞浆膜不含胆固醇,恢复了与其亲代细菌型相似的代谢特征。提示在沙门菌天然即存在有与脂类及胆固醇代谢相关的基因,细胞壁的缺陷导致这些脂类及胆固醇代谢基因活化,以致 CW DM s 能够表达固醇和甘油三脂代谢活性和胞浆膜含有胆固醇     

光照对蕨类植物配子体假根向重力性的影响

对８种蕨类植物配子体假根向重力性反应的研究结果表明,除卷柏Ｓｅｌａｇｉｎｅｌｌａ ｔａｍａｒｉｓｃｉｎａ Ｓｐｒｉｎｇ配子体假根无向重力性反应并且其生长方向与光照方向无关外,其它７种的配子体假根均有向重力性反应,并且假根的向重力性反应在配子体发育初期,因光照的方向不同而异,表现为负向光性。随着配子体发育至片状体阶段,光对其向重力性反应的影响逐渐减弱,而重力的影响增强。在蕨类植物配子体发育初期,光对     

中国鳐类脑颅的研究

作者解剖观察了33种,隶于4目、7亚目、15科、19属的中国鳐类脑颅的形态。研究结果认为:锯鳐目和鳐目是原始类群,它们均具吻软骨,其中圆犂头鳐科和团扇鳐科是特化类群。电鳐目亦具吻软骨,它们是特化和退化类群。在较高等的鲼目则无吻软骨。依据鳐类不同的分类阶元,其脑颅亦各具有不同的式型。     

刺激大鼠延髓腹面加压区对肾血管收缩活动的影响及其神经递质机制

实验在64只乌拉坦腹腔麻醉的大鼠身上进行。以电刺激(0.5ms,80—100Hz,10—30μA,40s)或L-谷氨酸(L-Glu)兴奋大鼠延髓腹面加压区(VSMp),肾交感神经电活动增强,肾血流阻力上升,与此同时血压上升。肾血流阻力的增加明显依赖于肾神经的完整性。非特异性α受体阻断剂酚妥拉明和特异性α_2受体阻断剂育亨宾阻断VSMP兴奋时增加肾血流阻力的作用并表现剂量依赖性关系,但特异性α_1-受体阻断剂哌唑嗪没有这种影响。特异性α_2-受体激动剂可乐宁灌流去神经肾血管表现与电刺激VSMp近似的结果。结果表明:VSMp兴奋时通过肾交感神经末梢释放以α_2受体为介导的儿茶酚氨类递质,影响肾血管的收缩活动。     

两种蚤的幼虫形态

关于蚤类幼虫形态的研究,进展比较缓慢,我国王敦清1956年首次描述7种蚤的幼虫形态以后,由柳支英,虞以新(1957),孙昌秀(1965),叶瑞玉(1982,1986),费荣中(1986)等学者先后共描述过约29种蚤的幼虫形态。到目前为止,我国已知蚤类幼虫形态约36种,隶属6科19属。本文描述未见报道的无棘鬃额蚤Frontopsylla aspiniformis Liu etWu(1960)和青海双蚤Amphipsylla qinghaiensis Ren et Ji(1979)两种蚤山幼虫形态。     

省沽油科叶解剖结构的分类学意义

本文对国产省沽油科 Staphyleaceae 4属植物叶的解剖结构进行了详细的比较研究。结果表明, 叶解剖结构特征在属间的区别较明显, 特别是瘿椒树属 Tapiscia 有着几乎与其他三属截然不同的独特性状。根据已有的孢粉学, 花、节及木材的解剖等方面的资料, 我们支持Тахтаджян(1987)将瘿椒树亚科分出而建立瘿椒树科 Tapisciaceae 的观点。瘿椒树属为我国特有属, 根据我们对采自不同产地的材料观察, 居群间的差异很小, 其可能仍为一单种属。     

细胞壁缺陷细菌生物氧化特性的观察

The L-forms were induced from Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Bacdtos cereus by β-lactam anhbiohcs and then observahons on the proPenies of oxygen requlrement sugar fermentahon and sensihve tO cyanide of the Lforms were done. The resultS were shown that the Lforms derived from the obligate aerobe or the faCultative anaerobe did not ferment sugars and were highly oxygendePendent and more sensihve tD cyedde than their Parent bacteria The metabolic achvihes which were same as the Parent bacteria of …     

沙门菌CWDMs苹果酸脱氢酶的检测

目的：了解沙门菌细菌壁缺陷突变株（CWDMs）的生物氧化及遗传特点和探讨细菌壁缺陷变异的性质与机制。方法：采用PAGE电泳法和分光光度法检测伤寒沙门菌和甲型副伤寒沙门菌及其CWDMs和伤寒沙门菌粗糙型和苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）同工酶的活性与类型。结果：伤寒沙门菌和甲型副伤寒沙门菌的细菌型和伤寒沙门菌粗糙型经PAGE电泳可见一条MDH同工酶带,CWDMs电泳后可见两条MDH同Ⅰ酶带,在CWDMs的MDH中有一条泳动速率与细菌型及粗糙型的相同,另一条则较快。分光光度法检测证实。细菌型与粗糙型的MDH活性相似,CWDMs的MDH活性则明显较低。结论：CWDMs保留了与亲代细菌型一致的MDH和形成了一种新的MDH,并且其MDH的活性已显著降低,此特性可能与CWDMs生物氧化特性的改变有关。     

刺激迷走神经向中端对大鼠不同脑区脑啡肽含量的影响

自从1975年(Hughes et al. 1975)发现脑啡肽以来,经多方面研究已认为脑啡肽可能是一种神经递质,它具有多种生理功能(范少光、汤健,1978)。据新近文献报道,脑啡肽与催产素及加压素三者具有共同存在的并存关系(Martin and Voigt。1981)。 已经证明,刺激迷走神经向中端,可引起脑内释放乙酰胆硷,从而促使神经垂体释放压加素和催产素,肾上腺释放肾上腺素(Chang, et al. 1937;1961,1964;吕运明等1965,1977;唐正荣1981)。但是,刺激迷走神经向中端,是否也能引起脑内脑啡肽的释放,迷走神经传入纤维与脑内脑啡肽能神经原之间,是否存有机能上的联系?关于这个     

STABILITY OF SUSPENSIONS OF SOLID PARTICLES OF PROTEINS AND PROTECTIVE ACTION OF COLLOIDS

1. It is shown that the concentrations of different salts required to precipitate suspensions of gelatin-coated collodion particles in water are practically identical with the concentrations of the same salts required for the "salting out" of gelatin from aqueous solutions. Neither effect shows any relation to the electrical double layers surrounding the particles. 2. It is shown that at the isoelectric point of gelatin, suspensions of gelatin-coated collodion particles are not stable and it had been shown previously that gelatin is least soluble at the isoelectric point. The addition of salt increases both the solubility of gelatin in water as well as the stability of suspensions of gelatin-coated collodion particles in water, and both effects increase with the valency of one of the ions of the salt. 3. This latter effect is not due to any charges conferred on the gelatin particles by the salts, since the cataphoretic experiments show that salts like NaCl, Na₂SO₄, or CaCl₂, which at the isoelectric point of gelatin increase the solubility of gelatin as well as the stability of suspensions of gelatin-coated collodion particles, leave the particles practically uncharged in the concentrations in which the salts are efficient. 4. It follows from all these facts that the stability of suspensions of gelatin-coated particles in water depends on the solubility of gelatin in water; e.g., on the chemical affinity of certain groups of the gelatin molecule for water. 5. Though crystalline egg albumin is highly soluble in water, the stability of collodion particles coated with crystalline egg albumin does not depend upon the affinity of the albumin molecule for water, but depends practically alone on the electrical double layer surrounding each particle. As soon as the P.D. of this double layer falls below 13 millivolts, the suspension is no longer stable. 6. The critical potential for the stability of suspensions of collodion particles coated with genuine egg albumin is the same as that for particles of boiled (denatured) white of egg. Since through the process of heating, egg albumin loses its solubility in water, it is inferred that egg albumin undergoes the same change when it forms a film around a solid particle like collodion. 7. The influence of electrolytes on the stability of suspensions of collodion particles coated with casein or edestin was similar to that of collodion particles coated with egg albumin. The experiments are, however, complicated by the fact that near the isoelectric point CaCl₂ and even NaCl cause a suspension again at concentrations of about M/2 or 1 M, while still higher concentrations may cause a precipitation again. These latter effects have no connection with double layers, but belong probably in the category of solubility phenomena. 8. These experiments permit us to define more definitely the conditions for a general protective action of colloids. Protective colloids must be capable of forming a durable film on the surface of the suspended particles and the molecules constituting the film must have a higher attraction for the molecules of the solvent than for each other; in other words, they must possess true solubility. Only in this case can they prevent the precipitating action of low concentrations of electrolytes on particles which are kept in suspension solely by the high potentials of an electrical double layer. Thus gelatin films, in which the attraction of the molecules for water is preserved, have a general protective action, while crystalline egg albumin, casein, and edestin, which seem to lose their attraction for water when forming a film, have a protective action only under limited conditions stated in the paper.