不同生态条件对绿色巴夫藻生长与脂肪酸组成的影响

研究不同温度、盐度、光照条件对绿色巴夫藻生长和脂肪酸组成的影响。实验结果表明:绿色巴夫藻的适温范围在5—30℃之间,最适为25℃;该藻为低盐度种类,在试验范围内都能生长,其最适盐度为6‰;生长较适宜的光照强度为3000—5000lx。巴夫藻的主要脂肪酸为C14∶0、C16∶0、C16∶1(n-7)、C18∶1(n-9)、C18∶3(n-3)、C18∶4(n-3)、C22∶6(n-3),其中在20℃时C22∶6(n-3)的含量达到最高,且PUFA(n-3)的含量也较高;在低盐度条件下有利于PUFA(n-3)的合成,盐度为6‰时C20∶5(n-3)的含量最高为总脂的6.02%,在盐度为15‰时C22∶6(n-3)的含量达到最高(总脂的17.79%);光照强度对C22∶6(n-3)的影响不大,在3000lx时C20∶5(n-3)的含量较高。结果表明低光照强度下利于PUFA(n-3)的合成,且C22∶6(n-3)的含量较高。     

温、光、盐对三角褐指藻紫外诱变株生长、总脂及脂肪酸的影响

为了优化微藻培养条件,采用单因子试验研究了不同温度(10、15、20、25、30℃)、不同光照强度(20、40、60、80、100、120μmol·m-2·s-1)和不同盐度(5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40)对三角褐指藻紫外诱变株MP-2的影响。结果表明:温、光、盐对MP-2的生长、总脂含量和脂肪酸组成影响显著(P0.05)。MP-2生长和总脂积累的适宜温度为10~25℃,最适20℃;低温有利于EPA和PUFA的积累,15℃时EPA(30.94%)和PUFA(39.53%)较高;MP-2生长的适宜光照强度为20~120μmol·m-2·s-1,最适光强为40μmol·m-2·s-1,低光强有利总脂的积累,光照强度为20~40μmol·m-2·s-1时总脂含量(25.81%~25.26%)较高;光强对PUFA和EPA的积累影响显著(P0.05),光照强度100μmol·m-2·s-1时EPA高达29.15%,光照强度80~100μmol·m-2·s-1时PUFA高达40.22%~40.56%;MP-2生长的适宜盐度为10~40,最适盐度25,高盐有利总脂的积累,盐度30~35时总脂含量高达36.54%~36.66%,低盐有利EPA和PUFA积累,盐度为10~15时EPA高达31.31%~31.46%,盐度15时PUFA最高(44.75%)。     

稀有(鱼句)鲫的脂肪酸组成

稀有(鱼句)鲫汉源种群和彭州种群全鱼中共检测到3种饱和脂肪酸(SFA),它们是C14∶0、C16∶0、C18∶0.4种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA),它们是C14∶1、C16∶1、C18∶1、C20∶1.4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),它们是C18∶2、C20∶4、C20∶5(EPA)、C22∶6(DHA).SFA 占总脂肪酸的23.63-28.97%,MUFA 占40.73-54.32%,PUFA 占9.96-23.17%,EPA占0.41-1.74%,DHA占0.11-5.37%.EPA 含量一般低于 DHA.UFA(MUFA+PUFA)%＞SFA%,且 MUFA%＞PUFA%,n-3FA/n-6FA为0.33-0.99.此外还测定了鱼肌、内脏脂肪、肝脏、性腺等的脂肪酸组成和含量.     

3种鲳属鱼不同组织脂肪酸组成的比较研究

3种野生鲳属鱼银鲳(Pampus argenteus)、灰鲳(Pampus cinereus)和中国鲳(Pampus sinensis)样本于2010年3—4月采集于浙江东海海域,用GC/MS法分别对其肝脏和肌肉的总脂和脂肪酸组成进行了分析和评价,同时比较了野生和养殖银鲳的脂肪酸组成。结果表明:3种鲳鱼肝脏总脂平均值(19.95%)显著高于肌肉总脂平均值(11.69%)(P<0.05),灰鲳肝脏和肌肉中的总脂含量显著高于银鲳和中国鲳(P中国鲳>灰鲳;肝脏的脂肪酸种类组成较丰富,MUFA含量中国鲳>银鲳>灰鲳(P<0.05),多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量灰鲳>银鲳>中国鲳(P<0.05);肌肉中MUFA含量银鲳>灰鲳>中国鲳(P<0.05),PUFA含量3种鲳鱼无显著差异(P>0.05)。EPA+DHA含量在3种鲳鱼肌肉中无显著差异(P>0.05),但在中国鲳肝脏未检测到EPA,在灰鲳肝脏和中国鲳肝脏和肌肉中未检测到DHA,而在银鲳肝脏和肌肉组织中EPA和DHA均有分布,DHA含量分别达到13.99%和15.95%;野生银鲳的油酸、EPA和DHA含量显著高于养殖银鲳,PUFA含量是养殖银鲳的1.53倍。由实验结果及与其它经济鱼类相比可知,3种鲳属鱼主要是以不饱和脂肪酸为主,在2种组织中平均占53.89%,EPA+DHA含量平均占PUFA的82.54%,这3种鲳鱼具有很高的营养价值并且银鲳更胜一筹,同时野生银鲳品质优于养殖银鲳,但不失为一种优良的养殖品种。     

稀有鮈鲫的脂肪酸组成

稀有鲫汉源种群和彭州种群全鱼中共检测到 3种饱和脂肪酸 (SFA) ,它们是C1 4∶0、C1 6∶0、C1 8∶0。 4种单不饱和脂肪酸 (MUFA) ,它们是C1 4∶1、C1 6∶1、C1 8∶1、C2 0∶1。 4种多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA) ,它们是C1 8∶2、C2 0∶4、C2 0∶5 (EPA)、C2 2∶6 (DHA)。SFA占总脂肪酸的2 3 6 3— 2 8 97% ,MUFA占 40 73— 5 4 3 2 % ,PUFA占 9 96— 2 3 1 7% ,EPA占 0 41— 1 74% ,DHA占 0 1 1— 5 3 7%。EPA含量一般低于DHA。UFA(MUFA +PUFA) % >SFA % ,且MUFA % >PUFA % ,n 3FA/n 6FA为 0 3 3— 0 99。此外还测定了鱼肌、内脏脂肪、肝脏、性腺等的脂肪酸组成和含量     

条石鲷仔、稚、幼鱼脂肪酸组成变化研究

通过采用GC/MS法研究了条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)仔鱼、稚鱼及幼鱼阶段的脂肪酸组成和变化特点。共检测到28种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)13种,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)7种,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)8种。结果表明:条石鲷鱼苗内源性营养阶段以饱和脂肪酸C16∶0、C20∶0及单不饱和脂肪酸C16∶1、C18∶1作为能量代谢的主要来源;必需脂肪酸C20∶4(n-6)(AA)、C22∶5(n-3)(DPA)和C22∶6(n-3)(DHA)在稚鱼期含量较低,∑EPA+DHA仅为6.89%,认为是发生稚鱼"胀鳔病"的主要原因;仔鱼开口前体内的DHA和EPA是由母体卵黄提供的。     

西南大西洋春夏季阿根廷无须鳕脂肪酸组分的时空特性

阿根廷无须鳕(Merluccius hubbsi)是西南大西洋较为重要的鱼种,具较高的商业价值,为底拖网渔业的主要捕捞对象。本研究利用气相色谱质谱联用仪测定了阿根廷无须鳕肌肉组织脂肪酸组成,探究各脂肪酸含量,包括饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)随体长、月份和纬度的变化。结果表明:各类脂肪酸含量高低次序依次为∑PUFA∑SFA∑MUFA;主要脂肪酸包括C22:6n3(DHA)、C16:0、C18:1n9c、C20:5n3(EPA)和C18:0,其中DHA的含量最高,占总脂肪酸含量的35.27%;高PUFA/SFA表明阿根廷无须鳕肌肉可作为PUFA的补充原料;∑SFA和∑PUFA在小体长组个体中(20.1~30.0 cm)的含量较高,特别是DHA和EPA,使得n-3/n-6增加,说明相对较大个体而言,小个体阿根廷无须鳕的营养价值更高;除n-3/n-6外,其余脂肪酸含量均无显著的月份差异;1月最高的n-3/n-6说明肌肉组织在该月份具有较高的营养价值。鱼体各脂肪酸含量随纬度和表温变化不明显。     

14种微藻总脂含量和脂肪酸组成研究

比较分析了14种微藻的总脂含量和脂肪酸组成,结果表明：除小球藻、亚心形扁藻、极微小环藻、微绿球藻外,其他微藻的总脂含量均超过其干重的10％。每一纲的微藻脂肪酸组成都有各自特点,绿藻纲中16：0、16：1(n-7)、18：1(n-9)含量较高,但微绿球藻中16：1(n-7)、20：5(n-3)(EPA)含量远高于其他绿藻;金藻纲中含大量14：0、16：0、18：3(n-3)、22：6(n-3)(DHA);硅藻纲中14：0、16：0、16：1(n-7)、EPA含量较高;黄藻纲的异胶藻富含16：0、16：1(n-7)和EPA。     

混合植物油替代鱼油对中华绒螯蟹成体雄蟹常规成分和脂肪酸组成的影响

为研究育肥饲料中混合植物油替代鱼油对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)成体雄蟹常规成分和脂肪酸组成的影响,采用豆油和菜籽油混合物替代鱼油制成5种不同鱼油替代水平(0%、25%、50%、75%和100%)的等氮等脂育肥饲料(分别记为1#~5#饲料组)饲喂雄蟹,测定5组雄蟹肝胰腺、肌肉和性腺中的常规成分和脂肪酸组成,并对实验数据进行方差分析。结果显示:(1)饲料1#组性腺灰分含量显著高于饲料4#和5#组(P0.05),但各组性腺中的水分、总脂和蛋白含量均无显著差异(P0.05);饲料1#组肝胰腺中的水分和灰分最高,但其总脂含量低于其他组,各组肝胰腺的蛋白含量无显著差异(P0.05);除1#饲料组外,肌肉中的总脂和灰分含量随鱼油替代水平的升高而显著上升(P0.05),而水分和蛋白含量均无显著差异(P0.05)。(2)各饲料组精巢中总饱和脂肪酸(∑SFA)、总多不饱和脂肪酸(∑PUFA)和总高度不饱和脂肪酸(∑HUFA)含量无显著差异(P0.05),其总n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(∑n-6PUFA)含量随鱼油替代水平升高而升高,而总n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(∑n-3PUFA)含量和∑n-3PUFA/∑n-6PUFA比值呈显著下降趋势(P0.05)。(3)肝胰腺中∑n-3PUFA和∑HUFA含量具有显著的组间差异,且均以饲料3#组最高。但各组的∑PUFA和∑n-6PUFA含量差异并不显著(P0.05)。(4)肌肉中大部分脂肪酸组成无显著差异,仅∑n-6PUFA含量随鱼油替代水平升高而升高。综上,中华绒螯蟹育肥饲料中植物油(豆油与菜籽油含量为1︰1)替代鱼油对成体雄蟹可食组织中水分和蛋白含量并无显著影响,但会对其脂肪酸组成造成显著的影响,50%的鱼油替代水平有利于雄蟹肝胰腺和肌肉中的脂肪沉积。     

分离自象山港的15种海洋微藻脂肪酸比较研究

在160μmol.m-2.s-1光强、（20±2）℃条件下对分离自象山港的15种海洋微藻进行培养,在稳定期离心收集,冷冻干燥后用Bligh-Dyer法提取总脂,皂化衍生化后用气相色谱-质谱联用分析系统对其含有的脂肪酸进行定量和定性的分析。结果表明,这15种微藻总脂含量均较高,其中有9种微藻的总脂含量超过干重的10%,中心硅藻纲中共有的含量相对较高的主要脂肪酸为C14∶0、C16∶0、C16∶1（n-7）脂肪酸和EPA,针胞藻纲的赤潮异湾藻则含有高比例的C16∶0、C18∶4（n-3）和EPA,纵裂甲藻纲和甲藻纲中共有的含量相对较高的主要脂肪酸为C16∶0、C18∶4（n-3）、C18∶5（n-3）和DHA,而隶属于定鞭藻门颗石藻纲的颗石藻含量相对较高的主要脂肪酸分别为C16∶0、C18∶4（n-3）和DHA。这些藻是否可以作为生物饵料还需实际养殖投喂效果决定。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.