猪产肠毒素大肠杆菌987P蛋白受体的鉴定

产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC)定植于仔猪肠道的第一步是通过987P菌毛与小肠上皮细胞表面刷状缘大分子(BBV)结合。对分离的BBV进行SDS-PAGE和Ligand blot分析表明, 在32~35KDa区域内有一条带能被987P菌毛探针所识别和结合, 所结合的条带经胰蛋白酶消化后, 通过微内径反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)分离出多条主要峰带蛋白峰带, 采用衬质辅助激光解吸与电离质谱法(MALDI-MS)对主要峰带进行分析, 结合多肽氨基酸测序和Blast同源性比较, 得到3个氨基酸基序(AETAP、ALAAAGYDVEK和LGLK), 其序列与人和鼠源的组蛋白H1高度同源; 来源于仔猪小肠上皮细胞BBV的H1蛋白与BBV一样都能特异性结合纯化的987P菌毛蛋白。上述结果表明, 仔猪小肠上皮细胞BBV的组蛋白H1是987P菌毛蛋白的受体。     

大肠杆菌F18菌毛操纵子全基因克隆、表达及生物学活性

利用PCR技术以猪产肠毒素大肠杆菌F18标准菌株107/86和2134P基因组DNA为模板成功地扩增出编码F18ab和F18ac完整菌毛操纵子fed基因。将它们分别克隆入表达质粒载体pET-22b( ),结合酶切和核苷酸序列分析证明了PCR预期扩增产物的正确性。然后将克隆的重组载体DNA转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),构建和筛选出分别含F18ab和F18ac完整fed基因的重组菌,经过IPTG诱导表达,在电镜下观察到上述两种重组菌能分别大量表达F18ab和F18ac菌毛。用热抽提法提纯其诱导表达的F18ab和F18ac菌毛,经SDS-PAGE电泳和考马斯亮蓝染色发现提纯后菌毛获单一分子量约为15kDa蛋白条带,免疫家兔后制备出高效价的兔抗血清,玻板凝集试验和Western blot结果表明:体外诱导表达的F18ab和F18ac菌毛具有和野生F18菌毛相同的抗原性。用表达F18ab和F18ac菌毛的上述2株重组菌分别进行小肠上皮细胞体外吸附试验和吸附抑制试验,结果表明:2株重组菌和野生菌株一样具有较强的粘附易感仔猪小肠上皮细胞的能力,而用表达F18ab和F18ac重组菌提纯的菌毛制备出兔抗血清都能有效地抑制上述重组菌或野生菌株对易感仔猪小肠上皮细胞的吸附结合。     

大肠杆菌K99菌毛fan操纵子的克隆、表达及活性

[目的]在体外克隆和表达猪产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC) K99菌毛操纵子fan结构基因,并检测重组菌毛的相关生物学活性.[方法]以猪源分离的表达K99菌毛ETEC C83907株制取模板,成功PCR扩增出编码K99菌毛的fan操纵子,约5.7 kb.将fan操纵子克隆人表达质粒载体pBR322,筛选出含正确阳性质粒的重组菌.进一步将上述的重组质粒DNA转化至不含任何菌毛的大肠杆菌SE5000株,同时将空载体pBR322质粒转化入SE5000构建阴性对照菌株.[结果]该重组菌能与鼠抗K99菌毛单克隆抗体发生明显的凝集反应,与新生仔猪小肠上皮细胞刷状缘BBV分子有强烈凝集反应.电镜观察到上述重组菌表面大量表达K99菌毛,用热抽提法提纯其表达的K99菌毛,并经SDS-PAGE电泳和考马斯亮蓝染色,可以得到分子量约为18.5kDa的主要蛋白条带.纯化菌毛免疫小鼠后制备出高效价的鼠抗血清,能与携带K99菌毛的C83907、C83914、C83260野生株发生强烈的凝集反应,而与携带其他菌毛的ETEC不反应.玻板凝集试验和Western blot结果表明:体外表达的K99菌毛具有和野生K99菌毛相同的抗原性.用表达K99菌毛的重组菌进行HeLa细胞体外黏附试验和黏附抑制实验,结果表明:重组菌和野生菌株一样具有较强的粘附性,而且用重组菌毛制备的鼠抗血清能有效地抑制上述重组菌或野生菌株对细胞系的黏附结合.[讨论]本研究为进一步研究K99菌毛生物学作用建立了良好的实验平台.     

抗大肠杆菌987P粘着素单克隆抗体及其初步应用

共研制出ll株抗大肠杆菌987P粘着素单克隆抗体,对其部分免疫学特性作了测定。这些单抗不仅效价很高,而且特异性强,对不具有987P抗原的大肠杆菌及所试的其他肠道杆菌均无交叉反应。以FlTc或Hrpo标记的987P单抗作实验室诊断,具有简易、快速、敏感和准确的优点。酶标EPN3株单抗检测的灵敏度可达2×l03个／ml 987P+菌,对人工发病仔猪的粪样和小肠内容物的阳性检出比分别为4／4和2／2。 EP22株荧光标记单抗对病猪小肠粘膜触片的阳性检出比为6／6。 11株单抗中7株能不同程度地阻断987P+菌对仔猪小肠上皮细胞的吸附作用。EL1sA和荧光阻抑试验表明,1株单抗是针对987p粘着素上三种不同的抗原决定簇。EPN2株单抗的免疫胶体金定位还表明,987P粘着素似呈螺旋状结构,且含有许多相同的抗体结合位点。这些单抗不仅可用于ETEC菌株的987P柔毛鉴定,而且可用于987P分子结构和生物学特性的研究。     

与肾盂肾炎有关的菌毛末端蛋白:新菌苗开发中的首选者

<正> 致病性大肠菌感染一般由与上皮细胞的特殊细胞表面受体的结合开始。大肠菌的粘附素(adhesins)介导这种接合,并和固定在菌细胞壁毛状蛋白附属物纤毛或菌毛有关。一根菌毛约有1000个相同的亚单位构成。粘附素蛋白与形成菌毛亚单位主要结构性质不同,在1型,P和S菌毛中粘附素是次要的菌毛成分,它分别和甘露糖、半乳糖α(1-4)半乳糖和含神经氨酸乙酰α(2-3)半乳糖的葡萄糖结合物结合。自肾盂肾炎分离的大肠菌的P粘附素,位于P菌毛的末端,是一个35000道尔顿的多肽,带有一个与主要菌毛亚单位PapA十分不同的基本结构。S粘附素主要位于S菌毛的末端,是一个12000道尔顿的较小的蛋白质,其结构至今尚不清楚。     

Ⅴ型分泌系统菌体表面展示F18大肠杆菌黏附素及其受体结合位点的确定

自主转运蛋白(V型分泌系统)的β结构域已被证明可以将异源性多肽展示在细菌表面。运用DNA重组技术优化构建V型分泌系统MisL并在菌体表面展示F18大肠杆菌黏附素FedF及其受体结合域FedF1。含重组质粒pnirBMisL-fedF或pnirBMisL-fedF1大肠杆菌(E.coli)DH5α经厌氧诱导后,分别与兔抗F18ab菌毛FedF亚单位单因子血清和F18大肠杆菌黏附素受体易感性仔猪的小肠上皮细胞做玻板凝集试验和体外黏附试验,结果表明上述两株诱导表达重组菌与FedF抗血清发生明显的凝集反应,且能较好地黏附于F18大肠杆菌黏附素受体易感性仔猪小肠上皮细胞。而菌体表面展示F18大肠杆菌黏附素FedF突变体FedF(M)(黏附素受体结合域第88和89位组氨酸残基双突变为丙氨酸)的重组菌则失去上述凝集和黏附特性。以上试验结果说明,F18大肠杆菌黏附素FedF及其受体结合域FedF1在大肠杆菌表面得到了功能性表达,并进一步证明了位于FedF受体结合域内第88和89位组氨酸残基对FedF受体结合域的形成至关重要。     

致肾盂肾炎大肠杆菌粘附特性的研究

本文对临床肾盂肾炎病人尿标本中分离的大肠杆菌１３２和１３６的粘附特性进行了系统的研究。受试菌的Ｐ血型阳性红细胞血凝试验阳性,能够与人的尿道上皮细胞粘附。利用致肾盂肾炎大肠杆菌Ｐ菌毛粘附基因群抗血清进行免疫学检测,两株菌的全菌ＥＬＩＳＡ结果阳性,免疫电镜证实该抗血清能与受试菌株的菌毛特异性结合。提取临床分离株的菌毛蛋白进行免疫印迹测定,仅有一条蛋白带显色,其分子量为１６．６ｋｄ。致肾盂肾炎大肠杆菌的粘附特性是区别于其他大肠杆菌的重要特征,上述结果表明本文报告的两株大肠杆菌为致肾盂肾炎大肠杆菌。     

哺乳动物细胞分泌的乙型肝炎病毒表面S+PreS1融合抗原的理化和生物学性状

研究了哺乳动物细胞(转基因GdSS1-18细胞系)分泌的乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒表面S+PreS1融合抗原(SS1)纯品的理化及生物学性状,结果表明:经HPLC柱层析呈现一个对称峰,证明HBsAg颗粒所带电荷的均一性;SDS-PAGE出现P24及P27条带,未出现Gp30的条带,凝胶扫描分析其各条带分别各占22 3%、77 7%、0%;West ernblot试验证实,P27和Gp30能与S及S1抗体结合,而P24条带仅能与S抗体结合,表明S、PreS1是特异性条带;N-末端的氨基酸序列与所用目的基因编码的序列相同;乙肝SS1融合抗原在4℃储存较稳定。动物实验结果表明:与单纯含S基因的参比疫苗相比,含SS1融合基因疫苗免疫Balb/c小鼠既产生S抗体,又产生S1抗体,S抗体的ED50滴度与参比疫苗相似,S1抗体产生早于S抗体。     

大肠杆菌K88ac菌毛操纵子fae全基因的克隆、表达及生物学活性初步研究

目的：在体外克隆和表达猪肠产毒性大肠杆菌（ETEC）K88ae菌毛操纵子,触结构基因,并检测重组菌毛的相关生物学活性。方法：利用长PCR技术以猪ETECK88ae株C83902基因组DNA为模板扩增编码K88菌毛操纵子触基因,克隆入表达质粒载体pBR322,构建和筛选重组质粒pBR322-fae,转化至不含任何菌毛的大肠杆菌EP株;电镜观察重组菌表面菌毛表达情况;用热抽提法提纯表达的重组菌毛;用纯化菌毛免疫小鼠制备高效价抗血清;用SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测重组菌毛的抗原性,用细胞黏附和黏附抑制试验检测其生物学活性。结果和结论：在电镜下观察到重组菌表面大量表达K88ae菌毛,该重组菌与兔抗K88ae菌毛单因子阳性血清、鼠抗K88ac菌毛单克隆抗体均产生凝集反应;纯化菌毛经SDS-PAGE,结构单位菌毛呈单一的相对分子质量约26×10^3的蛋白条带;纯化菌毛免疫小鼠后可制备出高效价的鼠抗血清,玻板凝集试验和Western blot结果表明体外表达的K88ae菌毛具有与K88ae野生菌毛相同的抗原性;猪小肠上皮细胞系黏附和黏附抑制实验结果表明重组EP菌和野生菌株一样具有较强的黏附猪小肠上皮细胞系的能力,而且提纯重组菌毛制备出的鼠抗血清能有效抑制上述重组菌或野生菌株对猪小肠上皮细胞系的黏附结合。     

产肠毒素性大肠杆菌K88菌毛装配

K88菌毛介导产肠毒索性大肠杆菌在小肠上皮细胞的粘附,是引起新生仔猪腹泻的主要致病因子之一.菌毛的合成与装配是由fae操纵子调控的,fae操纵子包含10个基,faeA-fae J,其中有些基因表达菌毛装配所需的各种结构蛋白、分子伴侣和调控因子.菌毛的装配过程是由fae操纵子调控,通过分子伴侣,锚定蛋白的相互协同作用完成,组装成结构蛋白的多聚体.继阐明K88菌毛装配调控机理之后,K88菌毛在非毒素源性大肠杆菌及其它原核生物中装配也取得成功,同时菌毛结构蛋白在真核生物中组装也取得了很大进展.     

Histone H1 proteins act as receptors for the 987P fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

The tip adhesin FasG of the 987P fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli mediates two distinct adhesive interactions with brush border molecules of the intestinal epithelial cells of neonatal piglets. First, FasG attaches strongly to sulfatide with hydroxylated fatty acyl chains. This interaction involves lysine 117 and other lysine residues of FasG. Second, FasG recognizes specific intestinal brush border proteins that migrate on a sodium-dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel like a distinct set of 32-35-kDa proteins, as shown by ligand blotting assays. The protein sequence of high performance liquid chromatography-purified tryptic fragments of the major protein band matched sequences of human and murine histone H1 proteins. Porcine histone H1 proteins isolated from piglet intestinal epithelial cells demonstrated the same SDS-PAGE migration pattern and 987P binding properties as the 987P-specific protein receptors from porcine intestinal brush borders. Binding was dose-dependent and shown to be specific in adhesion inhibition and gel migration shift assays. Moreover, mapping of the histone H1 binding domain suggested that it is located in their lysine-rich C-terminal domains. Histone H1 molecules were visualized on the microvilli of intestinal epithelial cells by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Taken together these results indicated that the intestinal protein receptors for 987P are histone H1 proteins. It is suggested that histones are released into the intestinal lumen by the high turnover of the intestinal epithelium. Their strong cationic properties can explain their association with the negatively charged brush border surfaces. There, the histone H1 molecules stabilize the sulfatide-fimbriae interaction by simultaneously binding to the membrane and to 987P.     

Lactobacillus acidophilus expressing recombinant K99 adhesive fimbriae has an inhibitory effect on adhesion of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

The most common enteric colibacillosis in neonatal and newborns is caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC). Colonization of ETEC in the small intestine is associated with adhesions using fimbriae, which is known as a specific adhesion factor and provides highly specific means for anchoring and prerequisite for an infectious agent. In the present study we have engineered Lactobacillus acidophilus to produce recombinant K99 fimbriae, which is used for the colonization to the intestine of pigs. The expression of K99 fimbrial protein was confirmed using SDS-PAGE, immunoblot and agglutination analyses. To evaluate a function of the K99 fimbrial protein, inhibition and competition tests were performed on pre-screened intestinal brush border from pigs. The tests showed that recombinant L. acidophilus, not control L. acidophilus, had a significant inhibitory effect to and competition against K99+ E. coli in a dose dependent manner. In conclusion, we demonstrated that recombinant K99 fimbriae producing L. acidophilus was able to prevent E. coli binding to intestinal brush border.     

Detection of attachment of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) to human small intestinal cells by enzyme immunoassay

Abstract Simple immunoassays were developed to study the binding between enterocytes of the small intestine and other cell types, and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). CFA/I or CFA/II pilus protein or CFA-positive E. coli bacteria were wells of microtitre plates and incubated with vesicles or crude mucus prepared from human brush border enterocytes. Binding of the cell preparations was detected by adding specific rabbit anti-brush border IgG followed by urease-labelled goat anti-rabbit IgG and urea substrate. The binding of purified CFA/I to human or rabbit small intestine, human oral epithelial cells or Caco-2 cells was detected with specific anti-CFA/I IgG. Both human brush border and mucus-derived preparations were able to attach to ETEC. The binding was CFA-specific and strong enough to withstand several washings. In contrast, CFA/I did not bind to small intestinal cells of non-human small intestinal origin, indicating that there may be important differences in affinity between receptors present on human small intestinal cells and cells of non-human small intestinal origin. Antibodies directed against human small intestinal and non-small intestinal cells did not cross-react with either preparation, indicating that receptors between these different cell sources are different. The EIA proved useful during the identification of a newly-recognised 15 kDa bacterial surface component of ETEC strain H10407P, which may function as a putative attachment factor. The EIAs developed in this study were easy to perform and multiple tests could be performed on small samples, including biopsy samples obtained during endoscopy.     

动物源产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC)黏附素研究进展

动物源产肠毒素大肠杆菌(enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,ETEC)是引起动物(尤其是幼龄动物)腹泻的主要病原菌。已知黏附素和肠毒素是ETEC中两种重要的毒力因子,在致病性中两者缺一不可。其中黏附素结合到宿主易感肠上皮细胞是ETEC感染的第一步,也是最重要的关键步骤。动物源ETEC的菌毛黏附素主要包括K88、K99、987P、F18、F17和F41等。人们从20世纪60年代就开始了ETEC菌毛黏附素的相关研究,包括菌毛的基因、结构组成、生物合成、菌毛表达的调控机制以及黏附素和宿主受体相互作用等,这些研究基础有助于我们深入了解ETEC病原菌的感染机理;并且在疾病诊断和新疫苗的开发中具有重大意义。     

Ordered translocation of 987P fimbrial subunits through the outer membrane of Escherichia coli.

The 987P fimbria of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is a heteropolymeric structure which consists essentially of a major FasA subunit and a minor subunit, the FasG adhesin. The latter harbors the binding moiety for receptor molecules on piglet intestinal epithelial cells. In this study, anti-FasF antibody probes were developed and used to demonstrate that the FasF protein represents a new minor fimbrial component. FasF was identified in highly purified fimbriae, and its sequence demonstrated significant levels of similarity with that of FasA. Immune electron microscopy localized both the FasG and FasF proteins at the fimbrial tip as well as at broken ends and at various intervals along the fimbrial length. The presence of these minor proteins in purified 987P fimbriae was corroborated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibitions. Finally, the use of nonfimbriated fasG, fasF, and fasA mutants indicated that subunit translocation through the outer membrane follows a specific order, FasG being the first, FasF being the second, and FasA being the third type of exported subunit. Since fimbriae are thought to grow from the base, FasG is proposed to be a tip adhesin and FasF is proposed to be a linker molecule between the adhesin and the fimbrial shaft. Moreover, export of FasG (or FasF) in the absence of FasF (or FasA) indicates that during the process of fimbrial biogenesis in the outer membrane, translocating events precede the initiation of subunit heteropolymerization.     

Fermented soya bean (tempe) extracts reduce adhesion of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli to intestinal epithelial cells

Aims:  This study aimed to investigate the effect of processed soya bean, during the successive stages of tempe fermentation and different fermentation times, on adhesion of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 to intestinal brush border cells as well as Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells; and to clarify the mechanism of action.
Methods and Results:  Tempe was prepared at controlled laboratory scale using Rhizopus microsporus var. microsporus as the inoculum. Extracts of raw, soaked and cooked soya beans reduced ETEC adhesion to brush border cells by 40%. Tempe extracts reduced adhesion by 80% or more. ETEC adhesion to Caco-2 cells reduced by 50% in the presence of tempe extracts. ETEC K88 bacteria were found to interact with soya bean extracts, and this may contribute to the observed decrease of ETEC adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells.
Conclusions:  Fermented soya beans (tempe) reduce the adhesion of ETEC to intestinal epithelial cells of pig and human origin. This reduced adhesion is caused by an interaction between ETEC K88 bacteria and soya bean compounds.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  The results strengthen previous observations on the anti-diarrhoeal effect of tempe. This effect indicates that soya-derived compounds may reduce adhesion of ETEC to intestinal cells in pigs as well as in humans and prevent against diarrhoeal diseases.     

Intestinal receptors for adhesive fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 in swine – a review

Determining the structure of the intestinal receptor for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 fimbriae will make it possible to develop new strategies to prevent K88+ ETEC-induced disease in pigs. Putative K88 adhesin receptors have been identified in both intestinal brush border and mucus preparations as either glycoproteins or glycolipids. Proteins with sizes of 25, 35, 40–42, 60, and 80 kDa in the intestinal mucus and 16, 23, 35, 40–70, 74, 210, and 240 kDa in brush border membranes were reported to bind specifically to K88ab and K88ac fimbriae. The factors accounting for these variable results may include the variants of K88, ages, breeds, and phenotypes of pigs, and even the sampling sites in the small intestine. Of the reported K88 receptors, only three brush border receptors, i.e., a pair of mucin-type sialoglycoproteins (210 kDa or 240 kDa), an intestinal neutral glycosphingolipid (IGLad), and a 74-kDa transferrin glycoprotein (GP74), have fulfilled the criteria as phenotype-specific K88 fimbrial receptors. Inhibiting the attachment of ETEC to intestine by modifying the receptor attachment sites has been the key for developing novel approaches to preventing ETEC-induced diarrhea in pigs. These include: (1) receptor analogs from a variety of biological sources, (2) an enteric protected protease, (3) chicken egg-yolk containing anti-K88 fimbrial antibodies, and (4) some Lactobacillus isolates producing proteinaceous components or carbohydrates interacting with mucus components. Future studies should be directed to further characterize the carbohydrate and protein moieties of receptors recognized by the K88 adhesin variants and to identify the genes responsible for susceptibility to K88+ infections. Received: 29 February 2000 / Received revision: 4 May 2000 / Accepted: 5 May 2000     

Competitive exclusion of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) from human enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells by heat-killed Lactobacillus

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) bearing CFA/I or CFA/II adhesive factors specifically adhere onto the brush border of the polarized epithelial human intestinal Caco-2 cells in culture. Heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LB, that adheres onto Caco-2 cells, inhibits diarrheagenic Escherichia coli adhesion in a concentration-dependent manner. Since the L. acidophilus does not express ETEC-CFA adhesive factors, it can be postulated that the heat-killed L. acidophilus LB cells inhibit diarrheagenic E. coli attachment by steric hindrance of the human enterocytic ETEC receptors.