芜菁花叶病毒外壳蛋白在寄主植物叶绿体中的积累及其对光系统Ⅱ活性的影响

分别以接种感染芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)和健康时照的青菜苏州青品种(Brassica chinensis L. cv.Suzhou)和芥菜温州芥菜品种(B.juncea L.cv.Wenzhou)叶片为材料提取完整叶绿体,用胰蛋白酶消除其表面蛋白后,抽提总蛋白,经SDS-PAGE电泳和Weste rn blot检测,发现TuMV的外壳蛋白(CP)存在于感病寄主的叶绿体中.免疫金标记电镜实验显示TuMV-CP定位在感病青菜和芥菜的细胞质和叶绿体中.对两种寄主植物叶片的叶绿素荧光动力学参数测定结果显示,青菜、芥菜的Fv/F.、Fv/Fm、φPSII、qp值都有不同程度的降低,qN值增大.实验结果表明TuMV侵染后在寄主细胞叶绿体中积累的CP,抑制了光系统Ⅱ (PS Ⅱ)的光化学活性,这可能是影响寄主植物光合作用的一个重要原因.     

芜菁花叶病毒外壳蛋白在寄主植物叶绿体中的积累及其对光系统ll活性的影响

分别以接种感染芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)和健康对照的青菜苏州青品种(Brassica chinens L．cv．Suzhou)和芥菜温州芥菜品种(B,jucea L．cv．Wenzhou)叶片为材料提取完整叶绿体,用胰蛋白酶消除其表面蛋白后,抽提总蛋白,经SDS—PAGE电泳和Western blot检测,发现TuMV的外壳蛋白(CP)存在于感病寄主的叶绿体中。免疫金标记电镜实验显示TuMV—CP定位在感病青菜和芥菜的细胞质和叶绿体中。对两种寄主植物叶片的叶绿素荧光动力学参数测定结果显示,青菜、芥菜的Fv／Fo、Fv／Fm、φpsⅡ、qp值都有不同程度的降低,qn值增大。实验结果表明TuMV侵染后在寄主细胞叶绿体中积累的CP,抑制了光系统Ⅱ(PS Ⅱ)的光化学活性,这可能是影响寄主植物光合作用的一个重要原因。     

Rubisco和RCA在青菜叶绿体中的分布及病毒侵染对其细胞定位的影响

运用免疫金标电镜术观察了青菜叶细胞中光合作用关键酶Rubisco和Rubisco活化酶(RCA)的细胞化学定位,结果显示Rubisco和RCA免疫金颗粒主要分布于薄壁组织叶绿体的间质中,在基粒片层上很少,表皮的气孔保卫细胞和维管束薄壁细胞叶绿体内也有分布,在细胞质及线粒体等细胞器中无特异性分布。同时比较观察了感染芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)的青菜叶绿体Rubisco和RCA免疫金标记结果,发现病组织中结构尚完整的叶绿体Rubisco和RCA标记率略有下降,而结构严重破坏的叶绿体中两种酶标记率分别仅为正常叶绿体的58.44%和64.67%,表明病毒侵染可导致Rubisco和RCA含量下降,影响寄主植物的光合作用。     

Rubisco和RCA在青菜叶绿体中的分布及病毒侵染对其细胞定位的影响

运用免疫金标电镜术观察了青菜叶细胞中光合作用关键酶Rubisco和Rubisco活化酶(RCA)的细胞化学定位,结果显示Rubisco和RCA免疫金颗粒主要分布于薄壁组织叶绿体的间质中,在基粒片层上很少,表皮的气孔保卫细胞和维管束薄壁细胞叶绿体内也有分布,在细胞质及线粒体等细胞器中无特异性分布。同时比较观察了感染芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)的青菜叶绿体Rubisco和RCA免疫金标记结果,发现病组织中结构尚完整的叶绿体Rubisco和RCA标记率略有下降,而结构严重破坏的叶绿体中两种酶标记率分别仅为正常叶绿体的58．44％和64．67％,表明病毒侵染可导致Rubisco和RCA含量下降,影响寄主植物的光合作用。     

青海高原矮嵩草和珠芽蓼的光合适应性比较(英文)

对生长在两个海拔地带 (3 2 0 0m ,3 980m)的矮嵩草 (KobresiahumilisSerg.)和珠芽蓼 (PolygonumviviparumL .)叶片的叶绿素荧光特性及其叶绿体超微结构进行了比较研究。海拔升高 ,矮嵩草和珠芽蓼叶片的Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm和Rfd值均增大 ,且矮嵩草的Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm 和Rfd值均大于珠芽蓼。叶绿体超微结构的结果显示 ,海拔升高 ,珠芽蓼和矮嵩草的叶绿体都表现出一定程度的变形 ,但珠芽蓼的叶绿体变形和类囊体膜肿胀现象更为显著。研究表明 ,矮嵩草和珠芽蓼光合作用对高山胁迫环境具有很强的适应性 ,且矮嵩草的适应能力比珠芽蓼强。     

蚕豆萎蔫病毒2号分离物侵染对蚕豆叶片光合活性和叶绿体超微结构的影响

研究了受蚕豆萎蔫病毒2号（Broad bean wilt virus 2,BBWV2）中国分离物B935和欧洲分离物PV131侵染的蚕豆（Vicica faba）叶片光合特性、叶绿素荧光诱导动力学参数和叶绿体超微结构变化。感病蚕豆叶绿素含量减少,叶绿素a／b比逐步降低;光合气体交换参数Pn值和Gs值降低,Ci值升高;叶绿素荧光诱导动力学参数Fv/Fm、FV＇/Fm＇、ΦPSII、qP值均有不同程度降低,NPQ值升高;光合器结构遭到不同程度的破坏,B935侵染后叶绿体发育不良,片层结构疏松,PVl31侵染后叶绿体肿胀变圆,片层结构疏松瓦解。与B935相比,PV131侵染对以上各参数的变化有更大影响,且对叶绿体的破坏更为严重。实验结果表明BBWV2不同分离物对光系统II（PSII）的抑制作用与光合器受损程度相关。     

寄主抗性与黄龙病寄主植物次生化合物相关性初步探讨

本文通过使用甲醇浸泡浸提和气相色谱-质谱连用(GC-MS)方法,对黄龙病易感寄主椪柑Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan的健叶、病叶以及隐症寄主九里香Murraya paniculata(L.) Jack健叶中部分次生化合物的种类及相对含量进行了差异分析。结果显示:椪柑的健康叶片鉴定出32种次生化合物,感病叶片有31种,九里香健康叶片有21种。其中脂肪酸类和简单芳香族类化合物在3样本之间未显示差异;烷烃类化合物在椪柑健叶中含量较高,椪柑病叶和九里香健叶中相对较少;萜类、黄酮类和香豆素类化合物在椪柑健病间的含量相差无几,其中萜类和黄酮类显著多于九里香,而香豆素类则相反。萜类化合物α-石竹烯在椪柑健叶中未检出,但在其病叶和九里香健叶之间无显著差异,此外九里香中特有的萜类有α-姜黄烯(0.15%)、左旋-姜烯(1.00%)、β-倍半水芹烯(0.26%);特有且含量较高的香豆素类化合物主要为蛇床子素(13.97%);而黄酮类化合物在九里香中未检出。两种寄主植物之间以及同种植物在感病与不感病的状态下,次生化合物的种类及相对含量均有显著差异,并初步探讨了其与寄主抗性的相关性。     

利用寄主干扰效应防控小菜蛾田间种群的有效性

【目的】多寄主对植食性昆虫寄主选择行为具干扰效应。为探究在田间相似寄主混作是否能引起小菜蛾Plutella xylostella (L.)在寄主上的选择困难,减少在寄主上的产卵量,从而实现保护寄主植物的目标。【方法】本研究利用小菜蛾喜好性高的两种寄主（菜心Brassica campestris L.和芥菜B. juncea Coss）为试验对象,通过寄主植物单作、混作及不同配比与间隔种植等田间试验设计,研究了多寄主对小菜蛾寄主选择行为的干扰效应。【结果】在2年的田间试验中,两寄主混作处理上的虫量均低于单一寄主种植;2012年田间种群生命表数据显示,两种寄主田间混作处理上的小菜蛾种群趋势指数（I =4.797）低于单一寄主种植,菜心与芥菜单一种植处理上的I值分别为6.549与6.858;当菜心与芥菜这两种小菜蛾喜好性相近寄主同时存在时,对小菜蛾的干扰程度与两寄主的搭配比例有关,随着菜心所占比重的增大,田间虫量呈现先减后增的抛物线变化趋势;但两寄主间距在2 m内时,不同种植间隔对小菜蛾虫量变化无差异(F_3,8=0.204,P>0.05)。【结论】结果表明,在田间多寄主种植中,除了可利用陷阱作物来防控小菜蛾外,在相邻两畦地间以适当比例同时种植两种小菜蛾喜好性相近的寄主,利用两种寄主植物对植食性昆虫的寄主选择行为产生的干扰效应,也能有效影响田间小菜蛾的种群动态。     

青海高原矮嵩草和珍芽蓼的光合适应性比较

对生长在两个海拨地带（3200m,3980m)的矮蒿草（Kobresia humilis Serg.)和珠芽蓼（Polygonum vivparumL.)叶片的叶绿素荧光特性及其叶绿体超微结构进行了比较研究。海拔升高,矮蒿草的珠芽蓼叶片的Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm和Rfd值均增大,且矮蒿草的Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm和Rfd值大于芽蓼。叶绿体超微结构的结果显示,海拔升高,珠芽蓼和矮蒿草的叶绿体都表现出一定程度的变形,但珠芽蓼的叶绿体变形和类囊体膜肿胀现象更为显。研究表明,矮蒿草和珠芽蓼光合作用对高山胁迫环境具有很强的适应性,且矮蒿草的适应能力比珠芽蓼强。     

外源多胺对盐胁迫下玉米叶绿体结合态多胺水平和光合作用的影响

在100 mm o l/L N aC l胁迫下,研究了外源多胺-腐胺(Pu t)、尸胺(C ad)、亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm)对玉米幼苗生长、光合速率和PSⅡ光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、叶绿体结合多胺和叶片丙二醛(M DA)含量以及抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明,叶面喷施1 mm o l/L的Pu t、Spd和Spm可显著增加盐胁迫下玉米幼苗干物质重、叶绿体内结合态多胺的含量、叶片净光合速率和PSⅡ光化学效率(Fv/Fm),并降低了叶片中M DA含量.外源Spd和Spm明显增加盐胁迫下玉米幼苗的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性;外源Pu t可增强APX和POD活性,对CAT活性的影响不明显.这些结果表明多胺对玉米盐害的缓解作用可能是由于提高了叶绿体中结合态多胺的含量和叶片抗氧化酶的活性,从而增强了盐胁迫下的玉米光合能力.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.