风毛菊属5种植物的核型分析

采用常规压片法,对风毛菊属(Saussurea)5种植物的染色体数目和核型类型进行分析。结果表明:大耳叶风毛菊(S.macrota)核型公式为2n=2x=26=10m+12sm+4st,属2A型;长梗风毛菊(S.dolichopoda)核型公式为2n=2x=26=14m+8sm+4st,属2A型;川陕风毛菊(S.licentiana)核型公式为2n=2x=28=12m+16sm,属2B型;杨叶风毛菊(S.populifolia)核型公式为2n=2x=28=6m+18sm+4st,属2B型;尾叶风毛菊(S.caudata)核型公式为2n=2x=30=14m+14sm+2st,属2A型。这5种风毛菊属植物中,除大耳叶风毛菊染色体数目和核型类型与前人报道的一致外,其余4种植物的染色体数目和核型类型均为首次报道,并在川陕风毛菊中发现1对B染色体。     

两种芋属(天南星科)植物的核型研究

报道了芋属两种植物的核型,结果如下:异色芋2n=2X=28=18m+10sm,属于“2B”类型;花叶芋2n=2X=28=20m(8sat)+8sm(2sat),属于“2A”类型;花叶芋的核型及两个种之间的核型比较系首次报道。     

珍珠菜属三种植物的核型研究

对国产三种珍珠菜属 (Lysimachia)植物进行了核型研究 ,其中点腺过路黄 (LysimachiahemsleyanaMaxim .)染色体核型 2n =2 2 =2m +4sm +8st+8t,聚花过路黄 (L .congestifloraHesmsl.)核型 2n =2 4=2m +2sm +1 0st+1 0t及山萝过路黄 (L .melampyroidesR .Knuth)染色体数目 2n =2 2 ,核型 2n =2 2 =4m +6sm +4st+8t,为首次报道。本文还分析了黄连花亚属 (subgen.Lysimachia) 2组 8种植物的核型 ,结果表明黄连花组(sect.Lysimachia)核型类型 1A ,过路黄组 (sect.Nummularia)核型类型 3A或 3B。     

4种(变种)辣椒的核型研究

本文研究了辣椒属4种(变种)的核型,各个种的核型可简式为小米辣2n=24=23m+1sm:簇生辣2n=24=20m+2sm+2st:樱桃辣2n=24=20m+4sm(2SAT):“印度辣”2n=24=22m+2st。按照Stebbins的核型分类,小米辣为2A型;簇生辣和樱桃辣为2A型,印度辣为2B型。     

百合科六属十五种植物的细胞学研究

本文对云南西北部百合科6属15种的染色体和核型进行了报道。 (1)Clintonia udensis Trautv．et Mey间期核属于浓密分散型,前期染色体属于渐变型,分裂中期体细胞染色体2n=14=8m+4sm+2st(2SAT),核型不对称性属于2A型;(2)鹿药属四个种间期核属于复杂中央微粒型,前期染色体属于中间型,分裂中期体细胞染色体分别为Smilacina henryi(Baker)Wang et Tang,2n=36=12m+16sm+6st+2t(2SAT), 核型不对称性属于2C型;Smilacina fusca Wall., 2n=36=14m(2SAT)+12sm+10st(2SAT), 核型不对称性属于2B型; Smilacina tatsienensis(Franch．)Wang et Tang, 2n=36=22m+2sm+2st(2SAT), 核型不对称性属于2C型;Smilacina atropurpurea(Franch．)Wang et Tang,2n=36=18m+6sm(2SAT)+12st,核型不对称性属于2C型;(3)黄精属四个种的间期核属于复杂中央微粒型,前期染色体属于中间型,分裂中期体细胞染色体分别为Polygonatum kingianum Coll．et Hesml．,2n=30=12m(2SAT) +6sm+lst+2t, 核型不对称性属于2C型; Polygonatum cirrhifolium(Wall．) Royal,2n=30=10m+4sm+12st+4t, 3C型; Polygonatum curvistylum Hua, 2n=78=24m(2SAT)+14sm(6SAT)+40st, 核型不对称性属于3C 型; Polygonatum cathcartii Baker,2n=32=12m+6sm+10st+2t+2bs,核型不对称性属于2C型;(4)百合属,假百合属,豹子花属三个属的间期核和前期染色体形态相似,都属于复杂中央微粒型,前期染色体属于中间型,分裂中期体 细胞染色体分别为Lilium henricii Franch,2n=24=2m(2SAT)+2sm+10st+10t,核型不对称性属于3A型;Lilium bakerianum Coll．et Hesml．var． rubrum Stearn, 2n=24=4m (2SAT)+10st+10t(2SAT),核型不对称性属于3A型;Nomocharis bilouensis Liang 2n=24=2m(2SAT)+2sm+12st+8t,核型不对称性属于3A型;Nomocharis pardanthina Franch．,2n=24=4m(2SAT)+12st (2SAT)+8t,核型不对称性属于3A型;Nomocharis sauluensis Balf, f.,2n=24=4m(2SAT)+10st(2SAT)+10t,核型不对称性属于3B型;Notholirion campanulatum Cotton et Stearn2n=24=2m(2SAT)+2sm+14st(2SAT)+6t,核型不对称性属于3A型。     

桤木属7种植物的核型分析

利用改良去壁低渗法对分布于欧美地区的桦木科(Betulaceae)桤木属(Alnus Mill.)7种植物进行染色体数目与核型分析。结果显示:所有材料染色体形态比较一致,多为由中部(m)及近中部(sm)着丝点染色体组成。意大利桤木(A.cordata)为六倍体,体细胞染色体数为2n=6x=42,核型公式为2n=6x=42=36m+6sm;绿桤木(A.viridis)为八倍体,体细胞染色体数为2n=8x=56,核型公式为2n=8x=56=46m+10sm(SAT);薄叶桤木(A.tenuifolia)、灰桤木(A.incana)、欧洲桤木(A.glutinosa)、裂叶桤木(A.sinuata)和红桤木(A.rubra)均为四倍体,体细胞染色体数均为2n=4x=28,其核型公式分别为2n=4x=28=16m(1SAT)+12sm、2n=4x=28=22m+6sm、2n=4x=28=24m+4sm、2n=4x=28=24m+4sm、2n=4x=28=26m+2sm。其中红桤木(A.rubra)的核型属于1B型,其余均为2B型。     

黄精属5种植物的核型研究

本文报道了安徽省黄精属Polygonatum Mill．5种植物的染色体数目和核型。玉竹P. odoratum (Mill.)Druce黄山材料2n=16=10m(3sc)+6sm,滁县琅琊山材料2n=18=10m(1sc) +2sm+6st(2sc),二者均属2B核型． 长梗黄精P．filipes Mirr. 黄山材料2n=22=8m+8sm(2sc)+6st,属3B核型,安徽繁昌材料2n=14=10m+4sm和2n=16=8m +4sm+4st,二者均属2B核型。多花黄精(P.cyrtonema Hua)安徽黄山材料2n=20=8m+6sm+6st和2n=22=6m+8sm +4st+4t,二者均属3B核型,安徽滁县琅琊山材料2n=18=8m(2sc)+6sm+4st,属2B核型。长苞黄精(P．desoulayi kom．) 2n=22=10m(2sc)+6sm(1sc)+6st,属3B核型;轮叶黄精(P．verticillatum(L．)All．)2n=18=2m+2sm+10st+2t+2T和2n=24=6m+4sm+12st+2T,二者均属3B核型。其中玉竹2n=16,长梗黄精2n=14和2n=22,长苞黄精2n=22,轮叶黄精2n=18的染色体数目和核型均为首次报道。     

中国含笑属核型分析

对我国木兰科Magnoliaceae含笑属Michelia 12个种的核型进行了研究,核型公式如下:火力楠 M．macclurei var．sublanea 2n=34m(2SAT)+4sm;白兰M．alba 2n=34m+4sm;多花含笑M.flori- bunda 2n=30m+8sm;黄兰M.champaca 2n=32m+6sm;石碌含笑M.shiluensis 2n=32m+6sm;阔 瓣含笑M . platypetala 2n=32m+6sm(2SAT);含笑M．figo 2n=32m+6sm;深山含笑M．maudiae 2n=32m+6sm;长蕊含笑M. longistamina 2n=32m=6sm;金叶含笑M.foveolata 2n=34m=4sm; 野含笑M.skineriana 2n=30m+8sm;峨嵋含笑M.wilsonii 2n=30m+8sm(2SAT)。该属核型全部为 对称核型,除多花含笑为1A类型外,其他均为2A核型。含笑属种间核型具有很大相似性,核型资料对该属属以下的分类帮助不大。     

贵州产蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的细胞分类学研究

报道了6种贵州产蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的染色体数目和核型,并与其相应近缘种对比,联系植物的外部形态特征,探讨核型结构与形态特征的相关性.发现1个种的染色体数目为2n =36,5个种的染色体数目为2n =38,核型公式分别为:平塘蜘蛛抱蛋(Aspidistra pingtangensis),2n =38 =20m +4sm(2sat) +14st;荔波蜘蛛抱蛋(A.liboensis),2n =38 =22m(2sat)+4sm+ 12st;赤水蜘蛛抱蛋(A.chishuiensis),2n =38 =22m(2sat)+8sm +8st;伞柱蜘蛛抱蛋(A.fungilliformis),2n =36=18m (2sat) +4sm+ 14st;四川蜘蛛抱蛋(A.sichuanensis),2n =38 =22m (2sat) +4sm +12st;丛生蜘蛛抱蛋(A caespitosa),2n =38 =20m +6sm(2sat) +12st.核型类型都为2C型.其中平塘蜘蛛抱蛋、荔波蜘蛛抱蛋和赤水蜘蛛抱蛋的染色体数目和核型均为首次报道.研究结果表明,该属植物的核型结构与外部形态特征具有一定的相关性,细胞分类学研究可以为该属植物起源进化研究以及自然分类鉴定提供一定的依据.     

葱属植物物种生物学研究：Ⅰ.葱属6种材料的核型研究

分析了葱属(Allium L.)5个种6个居群的细胞学特征。这些种是太白韭(A.prattii C.H.Wright apud Forb.et Hemsl.),该种包括两个居群(Ⅰ、Ⅱ)。居群Ⅰ:K(2n)=2x=16=9m+1m(SAT)+4sm+2st,居群Ⅱ:K(2n)=2x=16=10m+5sm+1sm(SAT);天蒜(A.PaePalanthoides Airy-Shaw):K(2n)=2x=16=14m+2sm+3B;多叶韭(A.Plurifoliatum Rendle):K(2n)=2x=16=14m+2sm+1B;合被韭(A.tubiflorum Rendle):K(2n)=2x=16=12m+2m(SAT)+2sm;峨眉韭(A.omeiense Z.Y.Zhu):K(2n)=2x=22=2m+18sm+2T(SAT)。所研究的6批材料均为二倍体,除合被韭的核型为“1A”型,蛾眉韭的核型为“3A”型外,其余4批材料的核型均为“2A”型。其中峨眉韭和多叶韭的染色体数目为首次报道,天蒜和多叶韭的细胞中首次发现B染色体,并对其相互关系进行了探讨。     

山东10种植物的核型分析

对山东１０ 种植物进行了核型分析。茴茴蒜（ Ｒａｎｕｎｃｕｌｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｂｇｅ－） 染色体数目２ｎ ＝１６ , 核型公式Ｋ（２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ ＝ １６ ＝ ２ Ｍ ＋ ２ｍ ＋ ２ｓｍ ＋ １０ｓｔ, “３Ａ”类型; 五脉地椒（ Ｔｈｙｍｕｓｑｕｉｎｑｕｅｃｏｓｔａｔｕｓ Ｃｅｌａｋ－） 染色体数目２ｎ＝ ２６ , 核型公式Ｋ （２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ＝ ２６ ＝ ８ Ｍ ＋ １８ｍ , “１Ａ”类型; 蛇床（ Ｃｎｉｄｉｕｍ ｍｏｎｎｉｅｒｉ（Ｌ－） Ｃｕｓｓ－） 染色体数目２ｎ＝ ２０ , 核型公式Ｋ （２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ＝ ２０ ＝ ２Ｍ＋ １６ｍ ＋ ２ｓｍ , “２Ｂ”类型; 波斯菊（ Ｃｏｓｍｏｓ ｂｉｐｉｎｎａｔｕｓ Ｃａｖ－） 染色体数目２ｎ ＝ ２４ , 核型公式Ｋ（２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ ＝ ２４ ＝ １６ｍ ＋ ２ｍ （ｓａｔ） ＋ ６ｓｍ , “２Ａ”类型; 白车轴草（ Ｔｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｍ ｒｅｐｅｎｓ Ｌ－） 染色体数目２ｎ＝ ３２ , 核型公式Ｋ （２ｎ） ＝ ４ｘ ＝ ３２ ＝ ３２ｍ , “１Ａ”类型; 铁苋菜（ Ａｃａｌｙｐｈａ ａｕｓｔｒａｌｉｓ Ｌ－）染色体数目２ｎ ＝ ３２ , 核型公式Ｋ （２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ＝ ３２ ＝ ３２ｍ , “１Ｂ”类型; 地构叶（ Ｓｐｅｒａｎｓｋｉａ ｔ?     

山东四种草本植物的核型研究

本文对山东４种草本植物进行了染色体研究。结果表明：阿尔泰狗哇花（Ｈｅｔｅｒｏｐａｐｐｕｓａｌ ｔａｉｃｕｓ（Ｗｉｌｄ）Ｎａｖｏｐｏｋｒ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝３６,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝３６＝３６ｍ,核型“１Ａ”型;求米草（Ｏｐｌｉｓｍｅｎｕｓｕｎｄｕｌａｔｉｆｏｌｉｕｓ（Ａｒｄｕｉｎｏ）ＲｏｅｍｅｔＳｃｈｕｌｔ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝１２,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１２＝８ｍ＋４ｓｍ,核型“２Ａ”型;红秋葵（Ｈｉｂｉｓｃｕｓｃｏｃｉｎｅｕｓ（Ｍｅｄｉｃ）Ｗａｌｔ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝３８,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝３８＝１４ｍ＋２２ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ,核型“２Ｂ”型;蟋蟀草（Ｅｌｅｕｓｉｎｅｉｎｄｉｃａ（Ｌ）Ｇａｅｒｔｎ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝１８,核型公式为ｋ（２ｎ）＝１８＝１６ｍ＋２ｓｍ,核型“２Ａ”型。     

七种药用植物的染色体研究

对山东７种药用植物的染色体进行了研究。结果表明：田旋花（ＣｏｎｖｏｌｖｕｌｕｓａｒｖｅｎｓｉｓＬ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝７８;蜜柑草（ＰｈｙｌａｎｔｈｕｓｍａｔｓｕｍｕｒａｅＨａｖａｔａ）的染色体数目为ｎ＝８８;挂红灯（ＰｈｙｓａｌｉｓａｌｋｅｋｅｎｇｉＬｖａｒｆｒａｎｃｈｅｔｉ（Ｍａｓｔ）Ｍａｋｉｎｏ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２４,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４＝２ｍ＋１８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＋２ｓｔ（ｓａｔ）,核型“２Ａ”型;无剌曼陀罗（ＤａｔｕｒａｓｔｒａｍｏｎｉｕｍＬｖａｒｉｎｅｒｍｉｓ（Ｊａｃｑ）ＳｃｈｉｎｚｅｔＴｈｅｌ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２４,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４＝２０ｍ＋４ｓｍ,核型“１Ｂ”型;决明（ＣａｓｉａｔｏｒａＬ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２６,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２６＝２４ｍ＋２ｓｍ,核型“１Ａ”型;荔枝草（ＳａｌｖｉａｐｌｅｂｅｉａＲＢｒ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝１６,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１６＝６ｍ＋１０ｓｍ,核型“２Ａ”型;车前（ＰｌａｎｔａｇｏａｓｉａｔｉｃａＬ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝３６,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝３６＝３２ｍ＋４ｓｍ,核型“１Ａ”型。     

中国桤木属植物的细胞学研究(Ⅰ)

对桦木科桤木属自然分布于中国西南地区的4个种进行了细胞学研究,结果分别为:川滇桤木K(2n)=56=30m+24sm+2st;桤木K(2n)=56=38m+16sm+2M;蒙自桤木K(2n)=56=28m+26sm+2st;毛桤木K(2n)=56=42m+14sm;其中川滇桤木的核型属于2A型,其余均为2B型;上述种类染色体数目均为2n=56。4种材料的核型均为首次报道。     

Studies on the Karyotype of 5 Samples of Allium Sect. Bromatorrhiza Ekberg

The karyotypes of 5 samples in Allium Sect. Bromatorrhiza Ekberg were analysed in this paper. In Allium wallichii Kunth, the first sample is a diploid, with genome formula is AA and karyotype formula is K(2n)=2x=14=2m(SAT)+2m+10sm. The second is an autotetraploid, with genome formula AAAA, karyotype formul K(2n)=4x=28=2m(SAT)+6m+20sm. These two karyotypes belong to “3A”. The two karyotypes of A. wallichii Kunth are similar in morphology, though different in ploidy. In Allium hookeri Thwaites, the first sample is a dibasic autoallotriploid. Its genome formula is AAB₁; the basic number of the genome A is 7 and that of the genome B₁ is 8. The karyotype formula is K(2n)=2x+x'=22=(12sm+2t)+(1m+4sm+1st+2t). The second is also an autoallotriploid. The genomes in pairs are similar to those in the first sample in size and morphology of chromosomes. However, the unpaired genome differs from the first one apparently. Therefore, its genome formula is AAB₂, and karyotype formula is K(2n)=2x+ x'=22=(12sm+2t)+(3m+1sm+2st+2t). The third is doubling of the first karyotype. It is an autoallohexaploid, with genome formula AAAAB₁ B₁ and karyotype formula K(2n)=4x+2x'= 44= (24sm+4t) + (2m+8sm+2st+4t). These three karyotypes belong to “3A”.     

Studies on Karyotype of Cephalanthera erecta and C. falcat

The present paper reports karyotype analysis of Cephalanthera erecta and C. falcata from Lushan, China. (1) The karyotype formula of C. erecta is 2n=34=10m+ 14sm+ 10st. C. falcata has two cytotypes: type A is 2n = 34 = 8m + 16sm + 10st, while type B is 2n = 34 = 8m + 22sm + 4st. The type B is a translocation homozygote derived from the type A by chromosomal structural reorganization, which involved a translocation between the short arms of the 1st pair of chromosomes and the long arms of the 3rd pair. The type B is similar to the type A in morphological characterissties. (2)In the light of Stebbins’ classification of karyotypic asymmetry, three karyotypes of C. erecta and C. falcata belong to “3C”. Such an asymmetrical karyotype in a primitive genus like Cephalanthera of Orchidaceae may be of great significancefor a discussion on evolution and deserves a further study.     

Karyotype of Four Species in Buddleja ( Loganiaceae) *

The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of the 4 species in genus Buddleja were reported. The karyotype formulas are 2n= 2x= 38= 22m+ 16sm ( B1 yunnanensis) , 2n= 2x= 38= 26m+ 10sm+ 2st ( B1 crispa) , 2n= 2x= 38= 20m+ 16sm + 2st ( B1 off icinalis ) , and 2n= 2x= 38= 20m+ 16sm+ 2st ( B1japonica) . Karyotype of B1japonica belongs to Stebbins. s 2B type and other 3 species belong to Stebbins. s 2A type. Based on the cytological data ( karyotypes and the recorded chromosome numbers) and the species morphologies, the evolution trend of the two series in Sect1Neemda was briefly discussed.     

The discovery of triploid Lycoris sprengeri Comes ex Baker from Anhui,China

Lycoris sprengeri Comes ex Baker is endemic to China. Reported in the present paper are the chromosomes number and karyotypes for two wild populations of the species from Anhui. ( 1 )Caishi population has a karyotype 2n=33=9st+21t+3T. The length of chromosomes ranges from 5.58～9.15μm. The karyotype belongs to Stebbin’s (1971) “4A”. (2)Longyashan populations have two karyotypes. The karyotype formula of the type I is 2n=22=8st+14t, with chromosomes ranging from 6.88～9.15μm. The karyotype belongs to “4A”. The karyotype formula of the type Ⅱ is 2n＝22＝1m+1sm+14st+6t, with chromosomes ranging from 7.20～15.80μm. The karyotype belongs to “3B”. The triploid type of L. sprengeri was discovered in Anhui for the first time. The karyotype 2n=22 =1m+1sm+14st+6t in diploid type of this species is here reported for the first time.The Robertsonian change plays a key role in karyotype evolution of Lycoris.