Organization of α-chain genes among Hb G-Philadelphia heterozygotes in association with Hb S, β-thalassemia,and α-thalassemia-2

The percentages of the -chain variant Hb G-Philadelphia (Hb G) or ₂ 68 AsnLys₂ were evaluated in 84 adult and 18 newborn heterozygotes. These included members of three families who were studied in more detail by nucleic acid hybridization techniques. The adult heterozygotes fell in two categories, one with a higher proportion of Hb G [46.5±1.0% (SD), N=21] and another with lower values (33.9±3.4%, N=63). Among the newborn heterozygotes, two babies fell in the category with the higher proportion of Hb G while 16 babies gave values between 25 and 34%. Studies of -chain gene organization on the parents of one neonate with a Hb G level of 27% at birth and 37% at 8 months excluded the presence of chromosomes with triplicated -chain genes which could lead to the ^0G/ genotype. Rather, these studies on five Hb G heterozygotes from three families confirmed the linkage between Hb G and a specific type of -thalassemia-2 associated with the presence of a 16-kbp Bgl II fragment which most probably carries the ^G locus since it has been found in 19 Hb G heterozygotes studied to date. The presence of an -thal-2 heterozygosity and three -chain genes (^0G/) was confirmed among Hb G heterozygotes with lower proportions of this variant. It is likely that the even lower values found in some newborn could arise through defective assembly of ^G- dimers. The presence of an -thal-2 homozygosity and two active -chain genes, one on each chromosome (^0G/⁰), was confirmed among heterozygotes with the higher proportion of Hb G. One of each of these categories was present in each of the three families investigated. This type of variability in the number of active -chain genes due to a heterozygosity or a homozygosity for -thalassemia-2 explains the trimodality of Hb S percentages among heterozygotes and the atypical hematological or biosynthetic features among patients with -thalassemia and sickle-cell syndromes.This research was supported by USPHS Research Grants HLB-05168 and HLB-15158 and by designated research funds of the Veterans Administration. This is Contribution No. 0693 of the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta.     

Hb Sinai,a new α chain mutant a 47 His

Summary A new chain mutant Hb-Sinai ₄₇ ^His is described. The aminoacid composition of all tryptic peptides has been determined, with the exception of the insoluble core. In the fingerprint peptide T 6 which normally migrates between T 3 and T 1, moves now between T 3 and T 7. The aminoacid composition of peptide T 6 indicates a change in the aminoacid composition from Asp- to His⁺ in position 47.This work was supported by Grant No. GM 13714 U.S.P.H.S.     

The levels of ζ, γ, and δ chains in patients with Hb H disease

Summary Details are given of a study of blood samples from 24 patients with Hb H disease from different Mediterranean countries and from the Far East. Four different types of -thal-1 (--) were observed, namely-() ( 20.5-kb deletion);--MED-I ( 17.5-kb deletion);--MED-II (>26.5-kb deletion); and--SEA ( 18-kb deletion, in Orientals only). The -thal-2 was mainly of the deletion type (16 with the 3.7-kb deletion; 1 with the 4.2-kb deletion), while 4 of the 7 patients with a nondeletional type had the five-nucleotide deletion at the donor splice site of the first intron of the 2 gene. All patients had a mild-to-moderate hemolytic anemia; no significant differences in hematology were observed between the groups. Hb A₂ was decreased to about one-third of the normal level. The Hb H formation varied considerably and its quantitation was not always satisfactory. Patients with Hb H disease due to any -thal-1 combined with a nondeletional -thal-2 had the highest Hb H levels and a more marked anemia. The chain production was small and absent in patients with the MED-II type of -thal-1 because this deletion included the and genes. The highest chain levels were present in the four patients with the SEA type of -thal-1. The chain production was increased, particularly in patients with a mutation of C T at position-158 to the ^G globin gene. This chain was primarily present as Hb Bart's (or ₄) and only about 15% was recovered as Hb F or ₂₂. The evaluation of the rate of chains produced in these patients was greatly facilitated by data from one patient who had Hb H disease and a heterozygosity for the ^A-⁺. The low levels of Hb A₂ and of Hb F (relative to Hb Bart's) can be explained by a decreased affinity of chains for and chains as compared with chains in conditions of severe chain deficiency.     

Expression of Hb β-T and Hb β-E genes in Eastern India—Family studies

The distribution patterns of different haemoglobins were observed amongst the family members of β-thalassaemia homozygous and HbE-β-thalassaemia patients with the aid of gel electrophoretic and alkali denaturation techniques. Of the 18 families studied, four belonged to β-thalassaemia homozygous and 14 to HbE-β-thalassaemia patients. Interaction of HbE and β-thalassaemia genes resulted in major clinical abnormalities with increase in the percentages of haemoglobins F and E. The percentages of HbA₂ in homozygous β-thalassaemia were within the normal range. Although in Southeast Asia the β° type of HbE-thalassaemia is more prevalent, only one individual with this type of thalassaemia was observed during this survey. In the rest of the patients examined the percentages of adult haemoglobin ranged from 5.2 to 42.5 indicating the presence of a β⁺ type gene.     

Hb Q-H病的生化遗传研究

本文报道在江西萍乡发现的我国第一个Hb Q-H病家系的研究结果,并对Hb Q的化学结构和Hb Q-H病的遗传学进行讨论分析。     

巴西橡胶树HbγGCS基因克隆及表达分析

γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶（TGCS）是细胞内谷胱甘肽（GSH）生物合成的限速酶,GSH在植物许多生理过程中发挥重要作用。本研究采用简并PCR和RACE技术获得巴西橡胶树γGCS基因全长cDNA序列,命名为HbTGCS（GenBank登录号：GU997638）。该基因全长2187bp,最长开放阅读框为1572bp,编码523个氨基酸。进化分析结果表明HbγGCS属双子叶植物γGCS亚类,同葡萄γGCS分为一组,与单子叶植物的亲缘关系较远。半定量RT-PCR结果表明HbγGCS基因在胶乳、叶片、树皮、花中均有表达,以花中表达量最大。健康橡胶树胶乳中HbγGCS达量高于死皮树。HbγGCS表达受乙烯、茉莉酸、过氧化氢、机械伤害、干旱、低温和高盐调控。     

Hb a 2 gluß2 (Hb I) in a Caucasian family: Independent mutation or common origin?

Summary Hemoglobin 16glu (Hb I-Skamania) was confirmed in six persons of a Caucasian family by amino acid analysis of the abnormal tryptic peptide, T3,4. The confirmation of Hb 16glu in Caucasians and the apparent absence of Hb I in racially unmixed Negroes or in American Indians suggest that Hb 16gly may be of European origin. However, an independent European and African origin can currently not be ruled out. The origin of seven other rare hemoglobin mutants is also uncertain. Independent genetic origin of a rare mutant is confirmed only when a new mutation can be proved.     

Hb疫苗无反应者的免疫效应研究

<正>乙型肝炎(HB)疫苗70年代后期引入美国,1982年正式批准使用。预料使用该疫苗将显著减少乙肝病毒(HBV)感染的发病率。慢性乙肝与原发性肝癌之关系目前已经证实,因而,广泛使用HB疫苗,尤其在亚洲和非洲地区,将显著减少这种恶性肿瘤的发生。     

Twelve families with Hb 0 Arab in the Burgas district of Bulgaria observations on sixteen examples of Hb 0 β° thalassaemia

Summary 12 families with Hb 0 Arab from the Burgas district of Bulgaria were examined. Of the 262 members of the 12 families, 44 persons were simple Hb 0 Arab heterozygotes, 18 had -thalassaemia, and 16 were double heterozygotes for Hb 0 Arab and ^° thalassaemia.     

血红蛋白Constant Spring(Hb CS)化学结构分析

本文报道在我国广西壮族自治区横县发现一例慢速a链异常血红蛋白,经化学结构分析确定,它是a链C末端延长的变异物,与Clegg等(1971),和Weatnerall和Clegg(1981)所报道的Hb Constant Spring(Hb CS)化学结构相同。本例异常血红蛋白化学结构分析在中国为首例报道。     

Hb Q——H病的生化遗传研究

本文报道在江西萍乡发现的我国第一个 Hb Q-H病家系的研究结果，并对Hb Q的化学 结构和Hb Q-H 病的遗传学进行讨论分析。     

Mitochondrial Changes in β0-Thalassemia/Hb E Disease

The compound β°-thalassemia/Hb E hemoglobinopathy is characterized by an unusually large range of presentation from essentially asymptomatic to a severe transfusion dependent state. While a number of factors are known that moderate presentation, these factors do not account for the full spectrum of presentation. Mitochondria are subcellular organelles that are pivotal in a number of cellular processes including oxidative phosphorylation and apoptosis. A mitochondrial protein enriched proteome was determined and validated from erythroblasts from normal controls and β°-thalassemia/Hb E patients of different severities. Mitochondria were evaluated through the use of mitotracker staining, analysis of relative mitochondrial genome number and evaluation of mitochondrial gene expression in addition to assay of overall cellular redox status through the use of alamarBlue assays. Fifty differentially regulated mitochondrial proteins were identified. Mitotracker staining revealed significant differences in staining between normal control erythroblasts and those from β°-thalassemia/Hb E patients. Differences in relative mitochondria number and gene expression were seen primarily in day 10 cells. Significant differences were seen in redox status as evaluated by alamarBlue staining in newly isolated CD34+ cells. Mitochondria mediate oxidative phosphorylation and apoptosis, both of which are known to be dysregulated in differentiating erythrocytes from β°-thalassemia/Hb E patients. The evidence presented here suggest that there are inherent differences in these cells as early as the erythroid progenitor cell stage, and that maximum deficit is seen coincident with high levels of globin gene expression.     

在我国裕固族中首次发现一例Hb沈阳

Hb沈阳是1982年在我国汉族中发现的一种新的不稳定血红蛋白。1986年作者在“丝绸之路”地 区进行血红蛋白群体普查时,发现一例裕固族泳速相当于J组的异常Hb,经一级结构分析表明为。链 第26位丙氨酸被谷氨酸取代,证实此例变异体为Hb沈阳〔a,,(B7)Ala-aGlu」在裕周族中系首次报 告。根据现有Hb沈阳的分布状况及有关资料,作者分析这种异常Hb基因可能源于我国。     

The cat hemoglobin polymorphism: Southern blot analysis of theβ-globin gene region from cats of various Hb A/Hb B phenotypes

The molecular basis for the genetic control of variable proportions of the two cat hemoglobins Hb A(_{2 2} ^A ) and Hb B (_{2 2} ^B ) was investigated. Ratios of Hb A/Hb B vary between 50/50 and 90/10 among members of the mongrel cat population, with clusters around 50, 35, and 10% Hb B. Genomic DNA from cats of 50/50, 70/30, and 90/10 phenotypes were cut by restriction endonucleasesHindIII,EcoRI,BamHI,Bg1II,and Pst1 and hybridized to a fragment of the human -globin gene. The results of the Southern blots suggested a pattern of homozygote, heterozygote, homozygote for the respective cat phenotypes, 50/50, 70/30, and 90/10. Therefore, the cat hemoglobin polymorphism seems to result from the possible combinations of an allelic gene pair.     

猪血红蛋白(Hb)脉冲酶解效果比较研究

目的寻找一种高效快捷有效地降解猪血红蛋白(Hb)新方法。方法在波型为双向方波,电极间距离为1.2 cm,脉冲频率为200 kHz的脉冲电场下,利用胰蛋白酶在温度为37℃,水解时间为4 h条件下水解猪血红蛋白。结果在脉冲电场作用下,胰蛋白酶水解血红蛋白获得的降解产物,利用高效凝胶色谱、紫外可见扫描及SDS-PAGE蛋白质电泳检测,发现其吸收峰或色带明显多于单一利用胰蛋白酶降解血红蛋白所得降解产物的吸收峰或色带。结论当脉冲电场通过血红蛋白时,血红蛋白内部的分子结构便产生斯塔克效应(Stark effect),引起血红蛋白分子剧烈振动,从而改变其分子结构振辐、吸收峰和偶极矩,并分别引起斯塔克频率、偶极矩、极化率的改变、使血红蛋白分子结构的极化跃迁和超极化,因此,在脉冲电场作用下,促进了血红蛋白酶解反应。     

应用长度多态性对非缺失型Hb H病进行产前基因诊断

利用ζ珠蛋白基因的限制性内切酶HindⅢ特异片段长度多态性分析,鉴别了一个非缺失型HbH病患儿及其父母的单体型,并对该家系正在妊娠中的重型HbH危险胎儿进行了早期产前诊断,确定其基因型为(αα/αα~T)。     

α-Thalassemia Associated with Hb Instability: A Tale of Two Features. The Case of Hb Rogliano or α1 Cod 108(G15)Thr→Asn and Hb Policoro or α2 Cod 124(H7)Ser→Pro.

We identified two new variants in the third exon of the α-globin gene in families from southern Italy: the Hb Rogliano, α1 cod108 ACC>AAC or α1[α108(G15)Thr→Asn] and the Hb Policoro, α2 cod124 TCC>CCC or α2[α124(H7)Ser→Pro]. The carriers showed mild α-thalassemia phenotype and abnormal hemoglobin stability features. These mutations occurred in the G and H helices of the α-globin both involved in the specific recognition of AHSP and β1 chain. Molecular characterization of mRNA, globin chain analyses and molecular modelling studies were carried out to highlight the mechanisms causing the α-thalassemia phenotype. The results demonstrated that the α-thalassemia defect associated with the two Hb variants originated by different defects. Hb Rogliano showed an intrinsic instability of the tetramer due to anomalous intra- and inter-chain interactions suggesting that the variant chain is normally synthesized and complexed with AHSP but rapidly degraded because it is unable to form the α1β1 dimers. On the contrary in the case of Hb Policoro two different molecular mechanisms were shown: the reduction of the variant mRNA level by an unclear mechanism and the protein instability due to impairment of AHSP interaction. These data highlighted that multiple approaches, including mRNA quantification, are needed to properly identify the mechanisms leading to the α-thalassemia defect. Elucidation of the specific mechanism leads to the definition of a given phenotype providing important guidance for the diagnosis of unstable variants.