台式小型自动灭菌器

日本西本产业公司最近研制出MAC—230型小型台式自动灭菌器。这种仪器在操作过程中全部自动化,包括进水、灭菌、排气,并有干燥装置,因而提高了工作效率并能防止污染和感染。仪器主要特点: 1.灭菌按钮控制水位检测,自动进行进水、排气; 2.灭菌室内的压力采用封闭内藏式,操作安全;     

加工因素对橄榄叶提取物抗氧化活性的影响

研究在橄榄叶加工过程中,加工因素对橄榄叶提取物中抗氧化活性的影响,这些因素包括:(1)干燥方式(微波炉干燥,烘箱干燥,低温冷冻干燥和熏蒸及烘箱结合干燥);(2)提取方式(超声波提取和搅拌式提取);(3)提取溶剂的酸度(pH 4、7、10).实验将总多酚含量和清除自由基活性作为衡量提取物抗氧化有效成分和活性的指标.研究结果表明,通过低温冷冻干燥、调节pH至4和采用超声波提取的方式,橄榄叶提取物中的抗氧化有效成分最多.本研究对橄榄叶等天然植物中抗氧化成分提取工艺的制定具有参考价值.     

森林革蜱雌蜱唾液腺的结构与变化(英文)

森林革蜱 (DermacentorsilvarumOlenev)雌蜱唾液腺由唾液腺管和大量的腺泡组成。从假头基到唾液腺末端 ,唾液腺管分为三部分 ,即中央腺管、主分支腺管和小叶管。球状的腺泡分布在各级腺管上。气管和中央腺管并行。腺泡呈圆形或近圆形 ,表面呈褶皱状 ,并有细小的气管分布。饥饿雌蜱唾液腺长度短 (5 4 7 3 3 μm) ;吸血后长度增加 ,吸血后 3天达到最大值 (1 1 0 9 40 μm)。从吸血后 3天到饱血后前 3 天 ,无明显变化 ,饱血后 4天明显缩短 (5 0 0 0 0 μm)。饥饿雌蜱的腺泡直径短 (45 2 4 μm) ,吸血期逐渐增大 ,吸血后 5天达到最大值 (74 1 0 μm)。饱血后腺泡逐渐萎缩并于饱血后 4天退化。     

铝-银电极刺激器

我们创制了无需电源的铝银刺激装置,包括铝银刺徵电极和铝银电极刺激控制器。现在扼要介绍说明于下。一、原理根据铝(Al)和银(Ag)的电化序相差很大(铝为-1.66,银为 0.799);因此,如将铝丝和银丝组成一对电极,不要其他外来电源,便能发生足以供作生理学教     

瓶栽灵芝管理的几点经验

(一)为了防止瓶栽灵芝的杂菌污染(从接种后到菌丝铺满之前,是污染率最高的时期),可采取以下办法: 1.抢温接种,即灭菌后的培养料温度降至25—30℃时,及时接种。 2.活化菌种,即接种前,把二级菌种放入温箱中1—2天。 (二)瓶栽灵芝的培养基,在高压灭菌后常出现表面干燥现象,致使接种后的菌丝生长缓慢,大大增加了污染的机会。解决的办法是: 1.封瓶口时,在牛皮纸外面再包一层塑料薄膜(为降低成本,可不用纱布或棉塞封口)。 2.先用无菌水湿润培养基表层后再接种。     

大豆根瘤菌(Rhizobium—japonicum)新菌株引种鉴定试验总结

三年来,为了鉴定引进新菌株的固氮效能和适应条件,以便筛选出适于我省的高效大豆根瘤菌株,我们进行了盆栽和田间小区试验,现将试验结果总结如下。一、试验材料和方法供试土壤为沈阳地区草甸土、棕黄土、朝阳褐色土和本院底层河沙(1978年河沙未灭菌,1979年则经过局部灭菌)。供试大豆品种为铁丰18。试验分别在砂培和田间小区进行。     

喉罩与气管插管全凭七氟醚吸入麻醉用于小儿眼科短小手术的效果分析

目的:对照研究喉罩与气管插管全凭七氟醚吸入麻醉用于小儿眼科短小手术的优缺点。方法:选取2012年1月至2013年12月于我院行行眼科手术的ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级小儿共80例,随机分为喉罩组(40例)和气管插管组(40例)两组,所有患儿均给予全凭七氟醚吸入麻醉,喉罩组采用喉罩通气,而气管插管组则采用气管插管通气。监测T1(诱导后下颌松弛)、T2(喉罩置入或气管插管后1min)、T3(喉罩或气管插管拔出前)、T4(喉罩或气管插管拔出后1min)四个时间点的血流动力学指标并记录两组患儿置入喉罩或气管插管的次数、手术时间、手术结束至拔除喉罩或气管插管的时间,以及可能产生的不良反应。结果:喉罩组血流动力学指标在四个测量时间点的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);气管插管组血流动力学指标在四个测量时间点的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),其中T2时间点均高于T1时间点,T4时间点均高于T1、T3时间点。两组患儿置入喉罩或者气管插管次数、手术时间、手术结束至拔除喉罩或者气管插管时间的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);气管插管组患儿发生呛咳的比例高于喉罩组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);气管插管组患儿发生呛咳的比例高于喉罩组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:喉罩复合全凭七氟醚吸入麻醉可安全有效地应用于小儿眼科短小手术。     

右美托嘧啶用于喉癌患者局麻下气管切开的临床效果分析

目的:探讨预注右美托嘧啶(dexmedetomindine,Dex)对喉癌患者局麻下行气管切开时的影响。方法:选择择期喉癌手术拟行气管切开的患者40例,随机分为Dex组(D组)和生理盐水组(C组),D组在局麻前静脉注射Dex 0.5μg/kg(10 min泵注完毕),C组以相同方式泵注等量生理盐水,观察5 min后开始行局麻下气管切开。分别记录两组患者给药前(T0)、局麻开始时(T1)、切皮时(T2)、气管内麻醉时(T3)、气管切开造口时(T4)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)和呼吸次数(RR);观察并记录患者T1~T4各时间点的VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分和手术耐受程度评分。结果:与T0相比,C组T1~T4各时点MAP和HR均升高,尤以T3~T4时明显(P0.05),D组T1-4时MAP下降、HR明显减慢(P0.05);与C组相比,D组T1~T4各时间点MAP均显著下降(P0.05),HR均明显减慢(P0.01),VAS评分显著降低(P0.05),手术耐受程度评分和Ramsay镇静评分均显著升高(P0.05)。结论:喉癌患者行局麻气管切开前预先静注右美托嘧啶0.5μg/kg(10min泵注完毕),可有效维持血液动力学稳定,并产生明显的镇静、镇痛作用。     

反复铜绿假单胞菌感染诱导大鼠慢性阻塞性肺疾病模型探讨

目的探讨反复铜绿假单胞菌(PA)感染能否诱导大鼠产生慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的病理生理及病理学改变。方法将120只Wistar大鼠随机分为铜绿假单胞菌感染组(PA组)和对照组(NS组)。PA组通过气管穿刺,多次注入一定剂量铜绿假单胞菌菌液,建立大鼠慢性肺部感染模型,测定大鼠动脉血气,观察肺组织病理改变,测量气管壁厚度和血管壁厚度。结果自感染第4周开始,PA组大鼠体重较NS组显著减轻(P<0.05);自第12周开始,PA组大鼠血气PaO2显著低于NS组(0.01相似文献   

我国地方植物志出版情况简介(七)

在《广西植物》第21卷第4期381～382页刊登了我国地方植物志出版情况简介(六)之后,又有一些地方植物志陆续出版,为了及时反映我国地方植物志的出版状况,作者根据最近收集的资料,将这些信息简介如下,供大家参考,遗漏之处,还望广大读者多加批评指正。1.《湖南植物志》,第2卷(2000),含裸子植物和被子植物的杨梅科至芍药科。该志计划出7卷,包括蕨类植物、裸子植物和被子植物,其中蕨类植物按秦仁昌(1978)系统,裸子植物按郑万钧(1977)系统,被子植物按恩格勒Ａ.Ｅｎｇｌｅｒ(1964)系统。2.《广东植物志》,第4卷(2000),包括裸子植物中的10科和被…     

Destruction of Microbacterium lacticum, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in milk by sprayedrying. II. Effect of drying conditions]

Bacterial death during spray drying of skim milk is essentially related to the outlet temperature of the spray drier and the type of bacteria. Under industrial spray drying conditions, survival rates of Microbacterium lacticum, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were 50, 2, and 0.002%, respectively. These rates may vary by a 10(4) factor for outlet temperatures between 65 and 105 degrees C. No simple mathematical equation could be derived to describe the relation between bacterial death rates and outlet temperature. Our results suggest that bacterial death is due in most cases to a heating effect during the last stages of drying when the temperature of the powder particle approaches that of the air at the outlet.     

Decontamination of drinking water by direct heating in solar panels

A device was developed for direct heating of water by solar radiation in a flow-through system of copper pipes. An adjustable thermostat valve prevents water below the chosen temperature from being withdrawn. The results show that it is possible to eliminate coliform and thermotolerant coliform bacteria from naturally contaminated river water by heating to temperatures of 65 °C or above. Artificial additions of Salmonella typhimurium , Streptococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli to contaminated river water were also inactivated after heating to 65 °C and above. The total viable count could be reduced by a factor of 1000. The heat-resistant bacteria isolated from the Mlalakuva River (Tanzania) were spore-forming bacteria which exhibited greater heat resistance than commonly used test bacteria originating from countries with colder climates. To provide a good safety margin it is recommended that an outlet water temperature of 75 °C be used. At that temperature the daily production was about 50 l of decontaminated water per m² of solar panel, an amount that could be doubled by using a heat exchanger to recycle the heat.     

Non-hydraulic regulation of fruit growth in tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Solairo) growing in drying soil

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Solairo) fruit growth, fruit mesocarp and leaf epidermal cell turgor, and fruit and leaf sub-epidermal apoplastic pH were monitored as plants were allowed to dry the soil in which they were rooted. Soil drying regimes involved splitting the root system of plants between two halves of a single pot separated by a solid impervious membrane to form a split-root system. Plants were then allowed to dry the soil in both halves of the pot (a soil-drying (SD) treatment) or water was supplied to one-half of the pot (a partial root-drying (PRD) treatment), allowing only one-half of the root system to dry the soil. A well-watered control treatment watered the soil on both halves of the pot. The rate of fruit growth was highly correlated with the soil water content of both sides of the SD treatment and the dry side of the PRD treatment. Soil drying caused a significant restriction in fruit growth rate, which was independent of any changes in the turgor of expanding fruit mesocarp cells in the PRD treatment. By supplying water to half of the root system, the turgors of mesocarp cells were maintained at values above those recorded in well-watered controls. The turgor of leaf epidermal cells exhibited a similar response. The pH of the sub-epidermal apoplastic compartment in leaves and fruit increased with soil drying. The dynamics of this increase in leaves and fruit were identical, suggesting free transport of this signal from shoot to fruit. Fruit growth rate and sub-epidermal pH within the fruit showed a strong correlation. The similarity of fruit growth response in the SD and PRD treatment, suggests that tomato plants respond to a discrete measure of soil water status and do not integrate measures to determine total soil water availability. The results of this study are not consistent with Lockhartian models of growth regulation in expanding fruit of a higher plant. A non-hydraulic, chemical-based signalling control of fruit growth in plants growing in drying soil is proposed.     

Utilizing biomass energy for improving summer squash greenhouse productivity during the winter season

The objective of this present research is to use agricultural residues as a source of energy for heating greenhouses during winter seasons and sequestrating soil carbon dioxide through adding biochar to the soil media. To fulfill the objective of the research work, summer squash was transplanted in a constructed greenhouse and heated using an attached biomass-burning system. The performance of the attached biomass-burning system was experimentally studied under different agricultural residues (corn stalks, cotton stalks and okra stalks), heating fluids (water and oil) and air fan operating periods (10, 15 and 20 min/h). Results indicated that the biomass-burning system allowed increasing temperature and relative humidity inside the greenhouse up to 27.2 and 80 %, respectively. The maximum biomass-burning system efficiency of 81 % was achieved with the use of okra stalks as a source of energy and oil as a heating fluid side by side with adjusting the suction fan operating period at 15 min/h. Adding bio-charcoal to the soil media, enhanced the soil carbon, resulting in a total fresh yield of 3.7 and 2.9 kg/pot with a total number of leaves per plant of 55 and 47 leaves under conditions of with and without charcoal addition, respectively.     

化学杀菌剂对太原集中供热水体中有害菌群杀灭作用研究

研究了戊二醛、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵对太原热网循环水中脱硫弧菌、鞘铁细菌、棒状杆菌、微球菌、葡萄球菌、芽孢杆菌和不动细菌等7类细胞的杀菌效果,结果表明：（1）不同浓度的戊二醛与十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵对7类细胞的杀菌效果差异极显著,而且随着杀菌剂浓度的增加这些细菌的死亡率呈线性上升;（2）戊二醛的杀菌浓度在100mg/L较为适宜,而二十烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵对脱硫弧菌和鞘铁细菌的杀菌浓度以100mg/L为宜,而对其余5类细菌的浓度以120mg/L较好;（3）戊二醛的杀菌效果明显优于十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵。     

Slowly developing drought stress increases photosynthetic acclimation of Catharanthus roseus

Our understanding of plant responses to drought has improved over the decades. However, the importance of the rate of drought imposition on the response is still poorly understood. To test the importance of the rate at which drought stress develops, whole-plant photosynthesis (P(net) ), respiration (R(dark) ), daily carbon gain (DCG), daily evapotranspiration (DET) and water use efficiency (WUE) of vinca (Catharanthus roseus), subjected to different drought imposition rates, were investigated. We controlled the rate at which the substrate dried out with an automated irrigation system that allowed pot weight to decrease gradually throughout the drying period. Fast, intermediate and slow drying treatments reached their final pot weight [500 g, substrate water content (θ) ≈ 0.10 m3 m(-3) ] after 3.1, 6.6 and 10 days, respectively. Although all drying treatments decreased P(net) and R(dark) , slow drying reduced P(net) and R(dark) less than fast drying. At a θ < 0.10 m3 m(-3) , DCG and DET in the slow drying treatment were reduced by ≈50%, whereas DCG and DET in the fast drying treatment were reduced by 85 and 70% at a θ of 0.16 m(3) m(-3) . Plants exposed to slow drought imposition maintained a high WUE, even at θ < 0.10 m3 m(-3) . Overall, physiological responses to low θ were less severe in plants subjected to slow drying as compared with fast drying, even though the final θ was lower for plants exposed to slow drying. This suggests that the rate at which drought stress develops has important implications for the level of acclimation that occurs.     

Preservation of probiotic strains isolated from kefir by spray drying

Aims:  This work aims to investigate the survival of Lactobacillus kefir CIDCA 8348, Lactobacillus plantarum CIDCA 83114 and Saccharomyces lipolytica CIDCA 812, all isolated from kefir, during spray drying and subsequent storage.
Methods and Results:  Micro-organisms were grown in De Man, Rogosa, Sharpe (MRS) or yeast medium (YM) medium and harvested in the stationary phase of growth. The thermotolerance in skim milk ( D and Z values), the survival of spray drying at different outlet air temperatures and subsequent storage in different conditions during 150 days were studied. The resistance to the heat treatments was higher in Lact. plantarum compared to Lact. kefir and S. lipolytica . The three micro-organisms studied varied considerably in their ability to survive to spray drying processes . Lactobacillus plantarum showed the highest survival rate for all the tested outlet air temperatures and also to the further storage in the dried state. The survival rates of Lact. kefir and S. lipolytica through drying and subsequent storage in the dried state decreased when the drying outlet air temperatures increased.
Conclusions:  Spray drying is a suitable method to preserve micro-organisms isolated from kefir grains. A high proportion of cells were still viable after 80 days of storage at refrigerated temperatures
Significance and Impact of Study:  It is the first report about spray-dried probiotic strains isolated from kefir grain and contributes to the knowledge about these micro-organisms for their future application in novel dehydrated products.     

害虫防治用玫烟色拟青霉分生孢子粉的干燥工艺优化*

用液—固两相法生产的玫烟色拟青霉Paecilomyces fumosoroseus Pfr116菌株的分生孢子粉,在高真空冷冻干燥、高真空室温抽干、35℃下烘干和低真空低热干燥条件下进行不同程序的干燥处理,以筛选适合该菌孢子粉生产的干燥工艺条件。结果表明,低真空(0.1 MPa)低热(30℃)抽干20~24 h的干燥方法最适合用于该菌孢子粉的干燥,既能保证含水量在9.0%以下,又能保证87%以上的活孢率和1130亿~1310亿/g的含孢量,而且操作简便,成本较低,可作为高纯度孢子粉生产的首选干燥工艺。高真空(15.86 Pa)条件下无论冻干还是室温抽干,虽然孢子粉的含水量(2.2%~8.7%)和含孢量(1270亿~1360亿/g)指标符合生产要求,但活孢率仅62%,说明该菌孢子不适合在高真空条件下干燥。在35℃下烘干24 h所获孢子粉含水量、24 h萌发率和含孢量分别为9.6%、82.8%和1200亿/g,该方法也可在生产中应用,但其活孢率显著低于(P<0.05)低真空低热抽干24 h的孢子粉。     

Accounting for sap flow from different parts of the root system improves the prediction of xylem ABA concentration in plants grown with heterogeneous soil moisture

When soil moisture is heterogeneous, sap flow from, and ABA status of, different parts of the root system impact on leaf xylem ABA concentration ([X-ABA]leaf). The robustness of a model for predicting [X-ABA]leaf was assessed. 'Two root-one shoot' grafted sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants received either deficit irrigation (DI, each root system received the same irrigation volumes) or partial rootzone drying (PRD, only one root system was watered and the other dried the soil). Irrespective of whether relative sap flow was assessed using sap flow sensors in vivo or by pressurization of de-topped roots, each root system contributed similarly to total sap flow during DI, while sap flow from roots in drying soil declined linearly with soil water potential (Psisoil) during PRD. Although Psisoil of the irrigated pot determined the threshold Psisoil at which sap flow from roots in drying soil decreased, the slope of this decrease was independent of the wet pot Psisoil. Irrespective of whether sap was collected from the wet or dry root system of PRD plants, or a DI plant, root xylem ABA concentration increased as Psisoil declined. The model, which weighted ABA contributions of each root system according to the sap flow from each, almost perfectly explained [X-ABA] immediately above the graft union. That the model overestimated measured [X-ABA]leaf may result from changes in [X-ABA] along the transport pathway or an artefact of collecting xylem sap from detached leaves. The implications of declining sap flow through partially dry roots during PRD for the control of stomatal behaviour and irrigation scheduling are discussed.     

Life cycle assessment of municipal waste water systems

Life Cycle Assessment was applied to municipal planning in a study of waste water systems in Bergsjön, a Göteborg suburb, and Hamburgsund, a coastal village. Existing waste water treatment consists of mechanical, biological and chemical treatment. The heat in the waste water from Bergsjön is recovered for the district heating system. One alternative studied encompassed pretreatment, anaerobic digestion or drying of the solid fraction and treatment of the liquid fraction in sand filter beds. In another alternative, urine, faeces and grey water would separately be conducted out of the buildings. The urine would be used as fertilizer, whereas faeces would be digested or dried, before used in agriculture. The grey water would be treated in filter beds. Changes in the waste water system would affect surrounding technical systems (drinking water production, district heating and fertilizer production). This was approached through system enlargement. For Hamburgsund, both alternatives showed lower environmental impact than the existing system, and the urine separation system the lowest. Bergsjön results were more difficult to interpret. Energy consumption was lowest for the existing system, whereas air emissions were lower for the alternatives. Water emissions increased for some parameters and decreased for others. Phosphorous recovery was high for all three alternatives, whereas there was virtually no nitrogen recovery until urine separation was introduced.