厦门鸡屿岛白鹭几种繁殖活动的观察

于 2 0 0 1年 3～ 7月采用颜色标记法 ,记录厦门白鹭保护区内鸡屿岛白鹭 (Egrettagarzetta)卵产出和孵出的顺序和时间 ,并称重卵和雏鸟。有 91 4 %的窝卵数为 4～ 5枚 ,产卵期 7 0± 1 9d ,出壳期 4 2± 1 4d ;卵孵化时间与产卵顺序显著负相关 ;不同产出顺序卵重无差异 ;不同孵出顺序雏鸟早期 (≤ 5d)发育无差异 ,之后差异显著 ,第 4出壳的雏鸟发育水平和成活率较低 ,而第 5出壳的雏鸟最低 ;亲鸟在产卵期的孵化是非连续的 ,而产卵结束后相对连续。如此 ,可以调节孵化时间 ,进而调控异步孵化的程度 ,使雏鸟在生长阶段形成适当的等级差别 ,以获得最大的繁殖收益。     

蓝尾蝾螈繁殖生态的研究

本文研究了我国云贵高原特有种蓝尾蝾螈(Cynops cyanurus chuxiogensis Fei et Ye)的繁殖地、体长组及性征、性比、求偶、配对(排精和纳精)、产卵所需外界条件、产卵行为、产卵期和产卵数量、饥饿蝾螈的产卵情况、卵的受精率和发育、以及幼螈的生长。     

南草蜥胚胎生长及物质和能量动用

用3种水热条件下(3温度×1湿度)孵化南草蜥(Takydomus sexlineatusDaudiin)卵以观测孵化卵质量变化、卵大小、孵化期、胚胎发育及孵出幼体特征。孵化过程中, 每5 d测定卵质量和大小。初生幼体称重后冰冻处死, 解剖分离为躯干、剩余卵黄和腹脂肪体, 65 ℃恒温干燥后称重。不同孵化温度对孵化期的长短有明显影响, 孵化期随孵化温度升高而缩短, 24 ℃平均41.8 d、27 ℃平均35.4 d、30 ℃平均34.0 d。卵孵化到14 d肉眼可见胚胎, 此后胚胎发育变化明显加速。孵化温度显著影响孵出幼体的质量、大小。本实验的受精卵在24 ℃、27 ℃中孵出的幼体质量较大。24 ℃、27 ℃发育的胚胎对卵黄的利用最充分, 剩余卵黄少。     

日本鬼鲉胚胎发育及仔、稚鱼形态学观察

对日本鬼鲉的胚胎及仔稚鱼形态发育进行观察,描述了各发育时期的发育时序和形态特征。日本鬼鲉的受精卵呈正圆球形,无色透明,无油球,平均卵径为(1.42±0.04)mm,呈浮性。在水温(22±0.5)℃,盐度31‰的条件下,历时约52h10min完成孵化。初孵仔鱼全长(3.04±0.13)mm,卵黄囊长(2.23±0.08)mm,卵黄囊高为(1.65±0.06)mm,在(21±0.5)℃水温下,仔鱼孵化后3d内营内源性营养(卵黄囊仔鱼),第4天卵黄囊完全消失,开口摄食轮虫。13d全长(7.12±0.35)mm,背鳍鳍条出现进入稚鱼早期,15d全长(7.92±0.61)mm鱼体及各鳍开始出现金黄色斑纹,25d全长(13.66±0.55)mm,整个鱼体呈黄褐色,完成变态进入幼鱼期,开始营底栖生活。同时观察了自胚胎发育至幼鱼期鱼苗体表色素分布的变化及其器官发育的形态变化。     

菲律宾蛤仔莆田群体与大连群体生物学比较

对菲律宾蛤仔莆田和大连群体形态及生物学进行了比较。菲律宾蛤仔大连群体和莆田群体的生物学零度(BZP)分别为6.77℃和10.99℃;有效积温(EAT)分别为315.21和172.79℃.d。通过人工促熟,大连群体繁殖期比自然海区提早1个月,莆田群体比自然海区提早5个月。莆田的蛤仔第1次最高产卵量可达104万粒,大连的蛤仔最高产卵量可达65万粒,大连的蛤仔卵径(66.13±2.40)μm(n=40),莆田的蛤仔卵径(71.88±3.14)μm(n=40),二者差异显著(p<0.01)。大连的蛤仔D形幼虫大小平均96.13(±5.83)μm×76.75(±4.46)μm(n=40);莆田的蛤仔D形幼虫大小平均107.63(±5.55)μm×82.88(±4.22)μm,二者差异显著(p<0.01)。莆田的蛤仔幼虫整个浮游期平均日增长9.63μm×9.79μm,大连的蛤仔幼虫整个浮游期平均日增长12.20μm×12.47μm,后者快于前者(p<0.01)。大连的蛤仔在水温25℃以上条件下,浮游期为10d左右,附着大小为179.9μm×174.4μm,附着至变态需8~9d,变态大小230.0μm×220.0μm,相同条件下,莆田的蛤仔浮游期仅5~6d,附着至变态只需4~5d,附着大小为174.9μm×171.4μm,变态大小仅为196.7μm×190.8μm。     

虎斑颈槽蛇大陆亚种的一些生物学资料

1990～2007年,对虎斑颈槽蛇的生活习性、生长发育、产卵、孵化条件和胚胎发育进行了观察研究.虎斑颈槽蛇的产卵期为6月～7月中旬,一年一次性产卵6～22枚, 孵化期为41～43天,胚胎发育分为16期.卵产出时胚胎已发育到第10～11期,孵化至37天时仔蛇已基本发育完全.详细描述了11～16期胎蛇的外部形态特征和发育时序.     

温湿度对神泽氏叶螨发育历期和产卵量的影响

将神泽氏叶螨Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida分别置于15℃,RH80%;20℃,RH75%;25℃,RH70%;30℃,RH65%;35℃,RH60%的恒温恒湿箱内单个饲养,观察其个体发育、孵化率、存活率和产卵量,结果为：35℃,RH60%条件下,雌、雄一代发育历期最短,为(6.23±0.44)山成螨最高日产卵量13.95±3.72)粒;平均日产卵量7.18±1.56)粒; 从成螨开始产卵至死亡50%产卵期最短,为(9.65±1.53)山卵孵化率72.4%;幼螨存活率84.6%。15℃,RH80%条件下,雌、雄一代发育历期最长,为(27.49±2.23)山成螨最高日产卵量(5±1.21)粒;平均日产卵量(2.04±0.55)粒;从成螨开始产卵至死亡50%产卵期最长,为(28.4±4.06)d：卵孵化率85.6%;幼螨存活率97.0%。15℃,RH80%处理成螨寿命为(35±8.85)d,比20℃,75%处理成螨寿命长(13.9±6.4)d。试验结果表明,不同的温湿度对神泽氏叶螨生长发育有一定的影响,35℃发育速率最快,15℃发育速率最慢,20～30℃为最适发育温度。     

正颤蚓的生长发育及繁殖生物学的研究

在实验室饲养的条件下,研究了正颤蚓在15℃、20℃、25℃水温的生长发育和繁殖过程。结果表明正颤蚓从其受精卵在蚓茧内发育,孵出生长到产卵,在15℃水温需100—123d,在20℃水温需70—90d,在25℃水温需48—64d。蚓自蚓茧内孵出后的165d生长期内,其15℃、20℃、25℃水温的体重生长回归方程分别是W=6.87/［1+136.48     

镇海棘螈早期个体发育研究

根据野外观察和室内实验 ,对镇海棘螈的早期个体发育过程进行了研究。结果显示 ,镇海棘螈早期发育过程与琉球棘螈的个体发育过程非常相似 ,它们的平衡枝均不发达且在前肢芽晚期迅速消失。温度和湿度对胚胎发育具有显著影响。室温下 ,从受精卵到孵化需 2 9d左右。孵化幼体体长呈配合对数曲线增长 ,其体全长 (S)与日龄 (T)的关系可表示为S =1 2 974 9+6 2 398lnT(Sig.F <0 0 1 )。水生生活阶段为 58～ 88d。室内幼体的水生发育时间和变态个体大小与野外的情况有较大的差异 ,可能与营养条件和自然条件下的持续干旱有关。变态前的外鳃萎缩期是镇海棘螈早期个体发育过程中的死亡高峰期。     

红腹锦鸡的饲养繁殖与雏鸟生长发育

对红腹锦鸡的饲养繁殖与生长发育进行了研究和讨论。4～5月为产卵期,驯化当年能产少量卵,第2年每窝卵12～13枚,产卵期21～28d。家鸡代孵孵化期为21d,雌鸟自然孵化23d。最佳孵化方式为电孵卵器孵化,其次为雌鸟自然孵化。记述并统计分析了孵化过程中卵重、气室的变化以及体重及尾羽生长情况。体重及尾羽生长呈“S”形生长,前后期较慢,中期生长较快。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV